醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯盐的制备与性能研究

采用间接酯化法,以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为原料,先合成柠檬酸酐,后与醇醚糖苷(含有未反应的脂肪醇醚)反应,合成了醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯,再用NaOH溶液、饱和Ca(OH)2水溶液和Mg(OH)2乳浊液中和制得醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐(MAEG-EC-Na)、醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯钙盐(MAEG-EC-Ca)和醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯镁盐(MAEG-EC-Mg),对产物的物化性能进行了测定。结果表明,上述3种产品的γcmc变化范围均很小,而柠檬酸单酯二钠盐的cmc最小,柠檬酸单酯盐起泡性能、泡沫稳定性的顺序为MAEG-EC-Mg>MAEG-EC-Ca>MAEG-EC-Na。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅵ）——由柠檬酸衍生的螯合性表面活性剂

介绍了由柠檬酸衍生的两类螯合性表面活性剂的合成与性能,重点介绍了柠檬酸脂肪醇单酯的合成方法与应用性能。认为:柠檬酸高级脂肪醇单酯不仅两种原料来源于可再生资源,合成工艺技术相对成熟,而且具有优异的螯合能力和表面活性,对人体和环境安全,应用领域广,市场前景好;由柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸酐与不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇合成的螯合性表面活性剂CPEGP具有优异的螯合能力、乳化能力和分散能力,但起泡能力和泡沫稳定性差,可用作纺织过程的染色助剂。最后,建议以柠檬酸为原料开发其他品种的螯合性表面活性剂,尤其是作为耐盐性表面活性剂,以配制高矿化度油藏所需的驱油剂。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅵ)——由柠檬酸衍生的蝥合性表面活性剂

介绍了由柠檬酸衍生的两类螯合性表面活性剂的合成与性能,重点介绍了柠檬酸脂肪醇单酯的合成方法与应用性能.认为:柠檬酸高级脂肪醇单酯不仅两种原料来源于可再生资源,合成工艺技术相对成熟,而且具有优异的螫合能力和表面活性,对人体和环境安全,应用领域广,市场前景好;由柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸酐与不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇合成的螫合性表面活性剂CPEGP具有优异的螯合能力、乳化能力和分散能力,但起泡能力和泡沫稳定性差,可用作纺织过程的染色助剂.最后,建议以柠檬酸为原料开发其他品种的螫合性表面活性剂,尤其是作为耐盐性表面活性剂,以配制高矿化度油藏所需的驱油剂.     

柠檬酸酯的合成及其在日化工业中的应用

重点综述了柠檬酸酯表面活性剂作为洗涤助剂、化妆品添加剂和食品添加剂等工业中的应用;讨论了柠檬酸酯合成中温度、时问、原料配比（物质的量比）、催化剂种类及用量等因素对产率的影响;特别指出了柠檬酸酯合成中生成的水去除的重要性以及产品的分离和纯化的复杂性;最后提出了柠檬酸酯的合成目前存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景等。     

醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐的合成及性能研究

采用间接酯化法以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为原料,先合成柠檬酸酐,再与醇醚糖苷(含有过量未反应的脂肪醇醚)以摩尔比为1∶1,90℃下反应2 h合成了醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯(醇醚糖苷转化率高达96%以上),再用NaOH溶液将其中和制得醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐(MAEG-EC-X-Na)。采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。同时对产物的物化性能进行了测定,结果表明,随着醇醚糖苷原料中醇醚含量的增加,柠檬酸单酯二钠盐的cmc值、起泡性能、泡沫稳定性逐渐减小,而γcmc变化不明显;NaCl对MAEG-EC-70-Na与AES(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠)和CAO(氧化胺)分别按一定比例复配后体系的黏度有较大影响。     

弱酸性溶液中酚醚磷酸酯PTx-10与1631复配自增稠性能的研究

对阴离子表面活性剂酚醚磷酸酯PTx-10与阳离子表面活性剂1631在弱酸性水溶液中的复配自增稠性能进行了研究 ,结果表明 :少量助表面活性剂C8 -10醇和AEO3 磷酸单酯的加入 ,对该复配增稠起协同增效作用 ,使体系在达到一定的粘度所需要的表面活性剂的总量大大降低。在不添加助表面活性剂时 ,要使体系获得大于40×10 -3Pa·s的粘度 ,PTx-10和1631的总用量需大于15 0 %。而加入上述助表面活性剂各0 50 %后 ,当1631用量为1 40 % ,PTx -10用量仅需5 50 %时 ,就可使体系获得44×10 -3Pa·s粘度 ,与市售同类酸性液体清洗剂产品配方相比 ,具有更高的性能价格比。     

椰油酰羟乙基磺酸酯钠的应用性能研究

实验选用椰油酰羟乙基磺酸酯钠(SCI-85)作为主表面活性剂,分别与月桂酰肌氨酸钠(LS-30)、月桂醇醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐(MES)、α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)、月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾盐(MAP)辅助表面活性剂按一定比例进行复配以制得温和表面活性剂体系。通过考察体系的起泡性、稳泡性、稳态流变性质和动态流变性质等研究了SCI-85在表面活性剂体系中的应用。结果表明,SCI-85复配MES的体系发泡能力最强,复配LS-30的体系发泡能力最弱;SCI-85复配MES的体系稳泡性能最好,复配AOS的体系稳泡性能最差;4种辅助表面活性剂对SCI-85体系抗剪切能力的提高程度比较来看,LS-30的提高程度最大;4个体系在一定的振荡频率范围内结构均比较稳定。     

烷基糖苷磺基琥珀酸酯盐与烷基糖苷的复配性能和相行为

分别对烷基糖苷磺基琥珀酸酯盐（APG-SS）和烷基糖苷（APG）不同摩尔比复配体系的表面张力和泡沫性能进行研究,同时研究烷基糖苷/烷基糖苷磺基琥珀酸酯盐/水三元体系的相行为。结果表明：APG-SS与APG摩尔比为2∶8时,表面张力达到27.90?mN/m,cmc=0.044?mmol/L,Γ_(max)=10.86?μmol/m~2,A_(min)=0.15?nm~2,与其他摩尔比复配体系相比,表面性能较好,具有较好的协同效应。在蒸馏水和硬水中,APG-SS与APG摩尔比为2∶8和4∶6的复配体系的起泡性能均优于单一表面活性剂,具有较好的协同效应。同时,复配体系的泡沫稳定性优于APG,可改善APG的抗硬水能力。APG-SS/APG/H_2O体系的三元相图出现胶束相、胶束-液晶共存区和双水相区。     

糖苷类表面活性剂与双癸基二甲基氯化铵复配体系的物化性能及相行为

研究了糖苷类表面活性剂C8/10烷基糖苷(APG)、C12/14醇醚糖苷(AEG)和C12/14醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐(AEG-EC)与双癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)复配体系的物化性能和相行为。结果表明,APG/DDAC体系的表面张力、泡沫性能和乳化性能有增效作用,润湿性能无增效作用。AEG/DDAC体系的泡沫性能和乳化性能有增效作用,润湿性能无增效作用。AEG-EC/DDAC体系的表面张力和润湿性能有增效作用,泡沫性能无增效作用。用偏光显微镜研究了三元体系的相行为,结果表明,随着DDAC含量的增加,糖苷类表面活性剂/DDAC/水体系的三元相图依次出现胶束相、胶束-液晶共存相和层状液晶相。     

椰子油脂乙氧基化物在餐具洗涤剂中的应用

通过对椰子油脂乙氧基化物（COE）与阴离子表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）等的复配实验,研究了复配体系的黏度、去污力和泡沫性能。实验结果表明,COE与AES、LAS有优异的协同效能,COE适合做餐具洗涤剂中的主表面活性剂。     

Synthesis and Properties of Dissymmetric Gemini Surfactants

A series of novel dissymmetric gemini cationics surfactants was synthesized by three-step reactions. The dissymmetric gemini surfactants contain a dodecanoic acid dimethylethylamine ester as the constant cationic part on one side of the hydroxypropyl center and a similar other cationic part, but with a different acid length (from octanoic to palmitic), on the other side. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γ _CMC) were determined. The surface tension measurements of dissymmetric gemini surfactants showed good water solubility, and low CMC had great efficiency in lowering the surface tension and a strong adsorption at the air/water interface. The CMC was observed to increase initially with the increase of the ester bond alkyl group. They also showed good foaming properties and wetting capabilites.     

马来酸单酯镧在UPVC型材中的应用研究

通过热稳定性、析出性和力学性能测试,研究了马来酸单酯镧与热稳定剂、润滑剂配合对硬聚氯乙烯(UPVC)型材的性能影响。结果表明,马来酸单酯镧与适量的硬脂酸锌、亚磷酸酯有良好的协同效应,与润滑剂石蜡配合在UPVC中使用时,容易出现析出现象,而与硬脂酸酰胺配合使用时,析出不明显,生产的UPVC型材具有较高的拉伸断裂强度、冲击强度和焊角强度。     

Preparation, surface-active and antielectrostatic properties of multiple quaternary ammonium salts

A series of new cationic surfactants, bis-quaternary ammonium salts and tris-ammonium salts, were prepared from N,N-dimethyldodecylamine and a product of the reaction of epichlorohydrin with ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, and octylamine (in the xase of bis-ammonium salts) or the hydrochloride of diethyl-, dipropyl-, dibutyl-, or dihexylamine (in the case of tris-ammonium salts). The obtained multiple salts were examined with respect to their surface-active properties: Critical micelle concentrations (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reductions (γ_CMC), and adsorption efficiencies (pC₂₀) were measured. All these surfactants showed good water solubility and low CMC of more than one order of magnitude lower than those of corresponding monoalkylammonium salts. They also showed good foaming properties, but worse wetting capability. The obtained multiple salts showed excellent antielectrostatic properties.     

树脂催化剂催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯系列增塑剂及其应用

采用负载双金属路易斯酸的树脂催化剂催化合成了柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC),再经乙酰化生成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、油酰柠檬酸三丁酯(OTBC)、十八碳酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ETBC)。经试验分析,催化剂KC124的催化效果最好,催化活性最强。使用TBC系列增塑剂,PVC样品的力学性能高于邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和己二酸二辛酯(DOA),耐低温性能高于DOP和DOA,分子迁移率低,材料的耐久性能好。催化剂KC124使用寿命长,稳定性好。     

铵盐体系香波泡沫性能的研究

研究了两种铵盐型阴离子表面活性剂与烷基单乙醇酰胺、烷基二乙醇酰胺等复配体系在不同水硬度条件下的泡沫性能 ;考察了乳化硅油、羊毛脂、十八醇、珠光剂、香精、阳离子表面活性剂及聚合阳离子化合物等添加剂在香波体系中不同水硬度条件下对发泡性能的影响。实验条件下所有体系的稳泡性均较好 ,LSA与AESA复配后泡沫力增大 ,其中AE SA含量需 <1 0 % ;含烷基单乙醇酰胺香波体系的泡沫性能优于含烷基二乙醇酰胺的 ;羊毛脂和乳化硅油对香波泡沫的影响较大 ,而其它添加剂对香波泡沫的影响不大。     

Physicochemical Properties of Novel Phosphobetaine Zwitterionic Surfactants and Mixed Systems with an Anionic Surfactant

A series of novel zwitterionic phosphobetaine (PPBT) surfactants were synthesized using long chain fatty alcohol, epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials. The physicochemical properties of the phosphobetaine surfactants such as isoelectric point, foaming, surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC) and Krafft point were measured. Low CMC and surface tension values indicated the surface activities of the phosphobetaine surfactants were quite excellent. The CMC and surface tension values of PPBT/SDS mixed systems were determined. It was found both of CMC and surface tension values decreased compared with single surfactant system because of the association between dodecyl sulfate anions and cationic groups in phosphobetaine by electrostatic attraction.     

Physicochemical Properties and Phase Behavior of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride/Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant Mixtures

Mixed surfactant systems, used in many formulations, have aroused great attention and interest from researchers and industry due to the possibility of synergism. Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) mixtures combine the excellent properties of pure surfactants and play an important role in the development of multi‐functional washing products. To study the synergism between APG and DDAC, the physicochemical properties of different mixed systems have been investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is about 180 mg·L^?1 and the surface tension at the CMC is about 26.0 mN·m^?1 at a mass fraction of 40 % DDAC (ω_DDAC40 %). The values are significantly lower than pure surfactants. The foaming property shows the best performance at ω_DDAC20 %. When the mass fraction of DDAC is 80 %, the mixture exhibits better wetting and emulsifying properties. Synergism was observed in surface tension, foaming and emulsifying properties, while the wetting ability and detergency exhibited no such effects. Phase behavior of the APG/DDAC/water ternary system has also been carried out by polarized optical microscope. The phase diagram is characterized by a micellar phase, a region where lamellar and micellar phases coexist and a lamellar phase.     

Preparation and Properties of Phosphate Surfactants Containing Ether and Hydroxy Groups

Phosphate surfactants containing ether and hydroxyl groups were prepared by a simple reaction between the corresponding epoxide and the diethyl phosphate. The relationships between the structure and colloidal properties were evaluated in terms of the critical micelle concentration (CMC), γCMC, foaming ability, and water absorbing and holding abilities. Based on these results, it was concluded that the ether and hydroxy groups synergistically worked together to decrease the CMC and increase the foaming ability. The degree of neutralization remarkably affected the colloidal properties. The highly neutralized states showed a more positive effect on water holding power but an opposite effect on the foaming ability.     

无患子皂苷及复配体系表面活性的研究

该文系统地研究了无患子皂苷水提液及其发酵液以及与其他表面活性剂复配体系的表面活性。结果显示,经发酵纯化后的无患子皂苷的高温稳定性、临界胶束质量浓度(CMC)、临界胶束质量浓度时的表面张力(γCMC)、泡沫性能及乳化力都有不同程度的改善;根据Rosen理论推算出无患子皂苷发酵液与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(1831)、烷基聚葡萄糖苷(APG)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(平平加)进行二元复配的最佳配比。γCMC、CMC及泡沫实验测试结果表明,无患子皂苷发酵液与这4种表面活性剂组成的二元复配体系都有不同程度的协同增效效应;乳化力测试结果显示,无患子皂苷与APG复配对棕榈油和液体石蜡都有较大的协同增效作用,但其他3种复配体系仅对棕榈油有协同增效作用,对液体石蜡无协同增效作用。