逆变器软开关技术的发展和现状

介绍了DC/AC逆变器软开关的发展和现状,以及实现逆变器软开关的基本电路,包括谐振DC环节方式电路、谐振极方式电路、负载谐振方式电路、辅助谐振缓冲电路、主辅开关电路、载波控制逆变电路等,列出了它们的基本电路拓扑图。同时,对拓扑图进行了简单的分析。最后,对逆变器软开关的发展方向提出看法。     

新型零电流开关谐振极型逆变器

为提高逆变器转换效率和减小谐振电路损耗,提出一种开关器件具有零电流软切换功能的谐振极型逆变器。其各相谐振电路只有2个辅助开关、1个谐振电感,以及1个谐振电容,结构简单,控制方便。通过电感与电容的谐振,当通过开关器件的电流为零时,关断逆变器开关器件,使逆变器的开关器件完成零电流关断。基于各工作阶段的等效工作电路,分析了电路工作过程,得到了开关器件完成软切换的条件和设计参数的具体步骤,研制了额定功率为1k W的单相逆变器。实验结果说明逆变器的开关器件都完成了软切换动作,改善了逆变器的效率。     

结构简单的谐振极型零电流软开关逆变器

针对谐振极型零电流软开关逆变器的拓扑电路的辅助开关较多所导致的逆变器体积大、成本高、效率低以及控制策略复杂等问题,提出一种结构简单的谐振极型零电流软开关逆变器拓扑电路,逆变器的每一相仅使用了1个辅助开关、1个谐振电感、1个谐振电容和2个辅助二极管来完成电路谐振。因此,该拓扑电路可以减小逆变器体积,降低成本,简化控制策略和提高效率。分析了逆变器在不同模式下的工作原理,给出了软开关实现条件和实际参数设计过程,建立了辅助电路功率损耗的数学模型。制作了一台2 k W的单相实验样机和一台6 k W的三相实验样机,实验结果表明该逆变器的主开关和辅助开关器件都可以实现零电流软开关。该软开关逆变器可以降低损耗和提高效率。     

耦合电感辅助换流的并联谐振直流环节逆变器

为克服传统硬开关逆变器存在的缺点,提出一种新型并联谐振直流环节软开关逆变器,其辅助谐振电路含有耦合谐振电感,结构相对简单。通过辅助电路的谐振使直流母线电压下降到零时,逆变器的主开关可以完成零电压开关,同时辅助开关也可以在辅助谐振电路的工作过程中完成软开关,而且直流母线零电压持续时间的变化范围取决于谐振电流设定值和谐振参数。依据不同工作模式下的等效电路图,分析电路的换流过程和设计规则,并建立起辅助谐振电路损耗的数学模型,讨论谐振参数对辅助电路损耗的影响。制作了一个140W的实验样机,实验结果表明逆变器的主开关和辅助开关器件都实现了软开关,所以该软开关逆变器能有效地降低开关损耗和提高效率。     

谐振直流环节单相逆变器的参数设计

详细研究了谐振直流环节单相逆变器的输入谐振电压与逆变器输出调制电压、输出正弦电压的关系;讨论了输出滤波电路对输出电压的影响;给出了输入谐振脉冲电压和滤波电路参数的设计,通过结实型谐振直流环节逆变器的实验电路结果对其设计参数进行了验证。     

高频谐振逆变器的功率MOS管驱动电路

负载谐振桥式逆变器中功率MOS管工作在软开关状态,开关频率的提高,要求门极驱动电路具有充电电流大、开关速度快、驱动损耗小的特点.文章通过对传统门极驱动电路和现存的谐振驱动电路分析比较后,提出了适合高频谐振逆变器中功率MOS管的谐振电流型驱动电路,并分析了其工作过程.理论分析与实验结果表明:此驱动电路中功率MOS管的充放...     

一种基于并联谐振的高频隔离型并网逆变器

针对DC-DC变换型高频隔离型逆变器中开关损耗大、电压尖峰大、稳定性差的问题,提出由并联谐振与传统DC-DC变换型逆变器相结合的新型逆变器电路拓扑。该逆变器可以实现高频功率器件的零电压开通、体二极管和整流二极管的软关断,从而消除功率器件的开关尖峰,减小逆变器的损耗。详细介绍电路的工作过程和各开关器件软开关原理,同时建立电路的谐振等效模型,以及谐振参数对增益和软开关的影响关系,给出谐振参数的设计原则。为了消除由于加入死区而引入的低次谐波,在控制系统中添加了死区补偿,以提高逆变电流质量。最后制作实验样机,经过实验验证电路拓扑和控制策略的正确性。     

应用于高功率领域的改进型谐振直流环节逆变器

为减小位于逆变器直流环节的辅助谐振电路的损耗,提出一种新型的辅助电路与直流母线并联的谐振直流环节软开关逆变器,其直流母线上没串联辅助开关器件和谐振元件,而且辅助谐振电路中只有1个储能电容,无中性点电位的变化问题。依据不同工作模式下的等效电路图,分析电路的换流过程和设计规则,并建立起辅助谐振电路损耗的数学模型,讨论谐振参数对辅助电路损耗的影响。制作1台5 k W的实验样机,实验结果表明逆变器的工作过程符合原理分析,能实现软开关功能,而且相比于同类型软开关逆变器,效率得到了进一步提高。因为该软开关逆变器的辅助电路与直流母线并联,辅助电路损耗相对较低,所以有利于在高功率领域提高逆变器效率。     

直流母线与辅助电路并联的谐振直流环节软开关逆变器EI北大核心CSCD

谐振直流环节逆变器的直流母线上通常设置了一个辅助开关器件,制约了其效率提高,这也是其在高功率领域应用推广不多的原因之一。为解决这一问题,文中设计的谐振直流环节软开关逆变器的辅助电路与直流母线并联,辅助开关器件和谐振元件均没有串联在直流母线上,有助于提高效率及降低辅助谐振电路的功率损耗。文中对所设计的电路拓扑结构采用相平面分析法来分析其动力学行为、软开关实现条件以及设计规则,并建立起辅助谐振电路损耗和效率提高值的数学模型。搭建一台10 k W的实验样机,将实验结果和硬开关逆变器比较,结果表明,设计的逆变器满载时的效率提高值高于轻载时的效率提高值。因此,文中所设计的软开关逆变器有利于减小辅助谐振电路的能耗,保障电能的高效利用。     

晶闸管逆变感应电源启动电路结构分析与设计

对几种典型的启动电路结构进行了分析和比较,提出了一种新的启动电路结构方案。它不仅适用于并联负载谐振逆变器,也可推广应用于其他形式的负载谐振逆变器中。     

双变量六脉波交/交变频器高频调速研究

论述了双变量六脉波交/交变频器高频调速的必要性与理论根据.通过Matlab对双变量六脉波交/交变频器调速系统进行建模,用余弦交截法求出晶闸管脉冲触发时刻.对该调速系统进行理论仿真和实验,得到变频器输出电压波形和异步电动机转子转速波形.对比仿真与实验结果,所得结论充分验证了双变量六脉波交/交变频器高频调速的可行性.     

Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part I?Harmonic Elimination

This paper considers the theoretical problem of eliminating harmonics in inverter-output waveforms. Generalized methods are developed for eliminating a fixed number of harmonics in the half-bridge and full-bridge inverter-output waveforms, and solutions are presented for eliminating up to five harmonics. Numerical techniques are applied to solve the nonlinear equations of the problem on the computer. The uneliminated higher order harmonics can be easily attenuated by using filter circuits in the output stage of the inverter. The results show the feasibility of obtaining practically sinusoidal output waveforms, which are highly desirable in most inverter applications.     

Asymmetrical modulation and overmodulation of parallel-connected NPC-PWM inverters

The neutral point clamped (NPC)-PWM inverter has significant advantages, such as its ability to operate motors with nearly sinusoidal current waveforms. For this reason, in larger-capacity inverter systems, NPC-PWM inverters using GTOs and the like have been put into practical use, because of great advantages to large-capacity ac motor drives, such as lower ripple currents and higher output voltages. With the spread of applications, inverters of still larger capacity are expected. However, since the capacities of such switching devices are insufficient, a certain technique and controlling method are proposed for the parallel connection of NPC inverters. In this paper, conventional modulation techniques are extended to improve the inverter characteristics; asymmetrical modulation and overmodulation techniques are introduced for the parallel-connected NPC inverter. In the proposed modulation strategies, the waveforms become more complicated, so that it is difficult to analyze the output waveforms. For those waveforms, an analytical waveform analysis method using the switching function is proposed. With such a method, the physical meaning of harmonic generation can be realized to some extent. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(2): 49–58, 1997     

阶梯波调制级联逆变器触发角的一种简便算法

级联多电平逆变器除有效降低开关器件电压应力外,它还可以通过波形叠加改善输出波形的质量。阶梯波调制还可以减少开关次数、提高转换效率、降低EMI,是级联逆变器常用的一种工作模式。但目前国内外文献介绍的阶梯波调制的级联逆变器的触发角的计算方法存在计算复杂,而且只适用等电压差的问题,针对这种情况,本文提出了一种不同电压级差的阶梯波调制级联逆变器触发角的计算方法。该方法特别适用于太阳能电池级联逆变器、燃料电池级联逆变器的应用。此方法遵循等面积法原则,通过一定的约束条件,实现在线计算,利于工程实现,最后通过仿真验证了该方法的正确性。     

Analysis of PWM GTO Current Source Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System

A GTO current source inverter which consists of six main GTO's, two auxiliary GTO's, and three capacitors is presented. This inverter can supply both the sinusoidal voltage and current to the motor by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques. The normal PWM pattern produced by two control signals with the carrier and the modulating waves and the optimal PWM pattern determined by the harmonic analysis are described. The experimental waveforms for 2.2-kW induction motor drives are given and the circuit operation of this inverter in the PWM technique is clearly shown. In addition, the steady-state characteristics of this inverter-induction motor drive system are analyzed by the state-variable methods, and a close agreement between the analyzed and the experimental waveforms is obtained. It is shown that the harmonic components are eliminated or reduced by using the optimal PWM pattern, and the new inverter with sinusoidal current and voltage is very excellent for ac motor drive.     

基于 TMS320F2808 的高频隔离型并网逆变器研究

提出了一种基于TMS320F2808控制的高频隔离型并网逆变器的实现方案。介绍了该并网逆变器结构及原理,给出了基于DSP控制的硬件和软件的总体设计。基于无差拍控制的并网控制策略和移相驱动波形的数字化实现的原理,完成了1．5kW的试验样机及相关试验,试验波形和分析证明了该控制策略和方案的有效性。     

Analysis of a Novel Forced-Commutation Starting Scheme for a Load-Commutated Synchronous Motor Drive

A load-commutated inverter synchronous motor drive system employing a simple auxiliary commutation circuit for machine startup analyzed, and results hybrid computer simulation are presented. The commutation circuit employs a single commutation capacitor connected to the neutral of the machine and two auxiliary thyristors, which are used only during machine starting. A practical operating scheme is developed for the forced commutated inverter, which insures commutation over all load currents by actively allowing the commutation capacitor to charge to a voltage proportional to load, current. Results of key computer runs are given including inverter waveforms, transient waveforms during transition from forced to load commutation, as well as the effect of forced commutation and load commutation on pulsating torque. The forced-commutation circuit is used only for synchronous machine startup. However, due to its simplicity it also is an attractive alternative to be considered for other types of current-fed inverter ac drives.     

面积等效原理的新型多电平变换器控制算法

提出一种新型的面积等效多电平控制算法,并应用到级联五电平和七电平变换器中,使输出波形最大程度等效于正弦波,并具有较小的总谐波畸变率.通过数学分析和实验仿真结果可以看出.该控制技术是可行的,与指定消谐波(SHEPWM)策略比较的结果证明了该控制技术是行之有效的,并可以用于其他级联多电平变换器中.     

Optimum PWM Waveform Synthesis?A Filtering Approach

A fundamentally different approach is proposed for the synthesis of optimum pulsewidth modulated (PWM) waveforms for high-power inverter applications. Conventional optimum PWM waveform synthesis techniques which seek to control harmonic levels in the inverter output directly are seen to be equivalent to a filtering operation. Digital filter structures capable of processing PWM waveforms are examined and waveform synthesis strategies are proposed and verified experimentally. Finally, the design of a high-performance PWM waveform generator is detailed.     

基于PIC单片机的SPWM控制技术

重点介绍了基于PIC单片机采用面积等效法产生SPWM控制波形的方法。通过具体试验,由SPWM来控制IGBT逆变系统的运行。最后给出了软硬件结合设计方法,结合试验结果波形进行谐波分析。此方法在UPS的设计中有较强的实用价值。