GaAs／GaAlAs中红外量子阱探测器和双色量子阱红外探测器

本文报道我们在国内率先研制的ＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｌＡｓ中红外（３～５μｍ）量子阱探测器和双色量子阱红外探测器的制备和性能．ＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｌＡｓ中红外量子阱探测器是光伏型，探测峰值波长为５．３μｍ，８５Ｋ下的５００Ｋ黑体探测率为３e９ｃｍ·Ｈｚ１／２／Ｗ，峰值探测率达到５×１０１１ｃｍ·Ｈｚ１／２／Ｗ，阻抗为５０ＭΩ．ＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｌＡｓ双色量子阱红外探测器是偏压控制型的两端器件，在零偏压下该探测器仅在３～５μｍ波段有响应，响应峰值波长为５．３μｍ，８５Ｋ温度下５００Ｋ黑体探测率为３e９ｃｍ     

不同结构红外光导探测器组件光串分析

红外探测器组件作为目标探测和成像系统的核心器件,其空间分辨能力直接影响着探测系统的成像质量。评估探测器组件空间分辨能力时,常使用调制传递函数(MTF),而探测器组件光学串音是影响探测器组件MTF的主要因素。介绍了一套弥散斑直径为30 m的红外小光点测试系统,并用于测试不同结构红外探测器组件的线扩散函数(LSF)来评价组件的光学串音。测试结果表明:叠层电极结构侧面存在的光响应会导致LSF展宽和次峰等现象,该结果为红外探测器组件光学串音设计提供了参考。     

多元多色HgCdTe红外探测器

简要介绍利用不同波段的微型滤光片和不同响应波段的多元ＨｇＣｄＴｅ红外探测器,叙述了通过精密镶嵌技术组合而成的四波段２１５～２２５μｍ、８４～８９μｍ、１０３～１１３μｍ和１１５～１２５μｍ８８元多元多色探测器的设计原理和特性,以及多元多色探测器的组合工艺,并给出了各个通道的响应光谱特性和探测器的工作性能。研制成功的８８元多色红外探测器每个通道的平均探测率和响应率分别为：Ｄ２．１５～２．２５＝１．２×１０１２ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ２．１５～２．２５＝５．０×１０６Ｖ／Ｗ,Ｄ８．４～８．９＝７．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ８．４～８．９＝１．６×１０４Ｖ／Ｗ,Ｄ１０．３～１１．３＝４．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ１０．３～１１．３＝４．３×１０３Ｖ／Ｗ,Ｄ１１．５～１２．５＝３．０×１０１０ｃｍＨｚ１／２／Ｗ和Ｒ１１．５～１２．５＝３．３×１０３Ｖ／Ｗ,文中对这些结果进行了分析和讨论。     

高灵敏度低暗电流GaAs量子阱红外探测器

本文报道我们研制的高灵敏度、低暗电流的ＧａＡｓ量子阱长波长红外探测器的制备和性能．探测器具有５０个ＧａＡｓ量子阱和Ａｌ０．２８Ｇａ０．７２Ａｓ势垒，器件制成直径为３２０μｍ的台面型式单管．探测器的主要性能──响应率和探测率与偏置电流和工作温度关系很大．通过材料结构的精心设计和器件工艺的改进使探测器的性能进一步提高：探测峰值波长为９．２μｍ，工作温度为７７Ｋ时，峰值电压响应率为９．７e５Ｖ／Ｗ，峰值探测率超过１e１１ｃｍ·／Ｈｚ／Ｗ，暗电流小于０．１μＡ．     

不同结构长波红外探测器组件的MTF分析

红外探测器组件作为目标探测和成像系统的核心器件,其空间分辨能力直接影响着探测系统的成像质量.评估探测器组件空间分辨能力时,常使用调制传递函数(MTF),而不同的探测器组件结构与其MTF直接相关.介绍了一套弥散斑直径为30μm的红外小光点测试系统,采用扫描狭缝法测试不同结构红外探测器组件的MTF.测试结果表明叠层电极结构侧面存在的光响应会导致线扩散函数(LSF)展宽和次峰等现象,从而造成探测器组件MTF下降,同时0.17 mm和0.30 mm两种芯片和滤光片间距对于探测器组件MTF的影响甚微,该结果为红外探测器组件杂光抑制设计提供了参考.     

红外光导探测器组件的串音研究

作为目标探测与成像系统的核心器件,红外探测器组件的空间分辨能力会直接影响探测系统的成像质量。通常使用调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function,MTF)对该能力进行评估。而探测器组件的电学串音和光学串音则是影响其MTF的主要因素。利用锁相系统测试了红外探测器组件的电学串音,同时用一套弥散斑直径为30μm的红外小光点测试系统测试了红外探测器组件的线扩展函数(Line Spread Function,LSF)以评价其光学串音。测试结果表明,11.5~12.5μm波段探测器的光学串音明显比8.0~9.0μm波段探测器的大。最后对测试结果进行了分析,为红外探测器组件的光学串音设计提供了参考。     

高性能GaAs／AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器的研制

ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ多量了阱结构的红外探测器是近几年出现的一种新型红外探测器。本文对基基本原理作了介绍。并报导了最新研制成果；Ｄλ＝１．４２×１０＾１１ｃｍＨｚ１／２Ｗ＾－１＝Ｒλ＝２．３２×１０＾６Ｖ／Ｗ，峰值响应为８．５μｍ的高性能ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ量子阱红外探测器。     

3～5.3μmIn_xGa_(1-x)As/Al_yGa_(1-y)As/Al_zGa_(1-z)As非对称台阶量子阱红外探测器

本文报道我们率先研制出的３～５．３μｍＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ／ＡｌｙＧａ１－ｙＡｓ／ＡｌｚＧａ１－ｚＡｓ非对称台阶量子阱红外探测器的制备和性能．该探测器具有光伏特征，７７Ｋ温度、±７Ｖ外偏压下的５００Ｋ黑体探测率达到约１．０×１０１０ｃｍ·Ｈｚ１／２／Ｗ，并且，与１→２子带间跃迁相对应的光电流峰值响应波长可随外偏压在中红外（３～５．３μｍ）波段作适当调谐．运用平面波展开法，依据样品的阱、垒结构参数，计算了ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ／ＡｌｙＧａ１－ｙＡｓ／ＡｌｚＧａ１－ｚＡｓ非对称台阶量子阱１→２子带间跃迁的Ｓｔａ     

1.3μm和1.55μm Si_(1-x)Ge_x波长信号分离器与Si_(1-x)Ge_x/Si应变超晶格探测器的集成

对１．３μｍ和１．５５μｍ波长的Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ波长信号分离器（ＷＳＤ）和Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ应变超晶格（ＳＬＳ）红外探测器的集成结构进行了系统的分析和优化设计．优化结果为：（１）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘＷＳＤ，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．０５．波导的脊高和腐蚀深度分别为３μｍ和２．６μｍ．对应于λ１＝１．３μｍ和λ２＝１．５５μｍ波长的波导脊宽分别为１１μｍ和８．５μｍ．（２）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／ＳｉＳＬＳ探测器，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．５．探测器的厚度为５５０ｎｍ，由２３个周期的６ｎｍＳｉ０．５Ｇｅ０．５＋１７ｎｍＳｉ组成．     

长波光导60元碲镉汞红外探测器通用组件

报道了工程化长波光导６０无碲镉汞红外探测器组件研制的结果，该组件由探测器芯片、杜瓦和制冷器组成。探测器组件的主要指标达到：ＤＢ＝１．７×１Ｏ１０ＣｍＨｚ１／２／ＷＶＢ＝１６×１０４Ｖ／Ｗ。组件的体积小，重量轻，并达到了国军标所规定的红外探测器高、低温实验，温度循环实验，振动实验和冲击等环境实验的要求。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks