菠萝蜜脆片生产技术研究

以菠萝蜜为原料,研究采用低温真空油炸和真空离心脱油技术加工菠萝蜜脆片的工艺流程,通过对比试验确定最佳工艺参数为:八成熟果;热烫温度95℃,时间3min～5min;浸渍真空度-0.095MPa;真空油炸真空度-0.095MPa;脱油温度95℃～100℃、离心转速500 r/min～600 r/min.     

低温真空油炸脆虾工艺研究

本文研究了以南美白对虾为原料采用低温真空油炸技术制取脆虾的工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验来优化工艺参数。经优化后最佳参数为油炸温度95℃,油炸时间50 min,真空度为-0.095 MPa,真空脱油时间为3 min。     

正交试验优化马铃薯片真空低温油炸工艺

以适于油炸加工的马铃薯品种‘大西洋’为原料,对真空低温油炸薯片工艺进行优化试验。采用四因素三水平正交试验分析法,得出最佳工艺条件为油炸温度100℃、时间90s、真空度为0.04～0.06MPa,在该最优条件下,所得油炸薯片产品的丙烯酰胺含量为0.64mg/kg,明显低于市售传统油炸薯片;且含油量(27%)降低了5%,但是脆度(469.725g)却与市售传统油炸薯片相当。     

真空低温油炸脆枣工艺优化

以脆熟全红期灰枣为原料,探究真空低温油炸脆枣的最佳生产工艺。通过油炸时间、油炸温度、真空度和脱油时间4个单因素试验筛选工艺条件,以含油量和感官评分为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面试验优化真空低温油炸脆枣的工艺条件。试验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为油炸时间40 min、油炸温度115℃、真空度0.08 MPa、脱油时间4 min。通过工艺优化条件油炸的脆枣,含油量为（16.23±0.18）% ,感官评分88.7,油炸脆枣具有烘焙的油脂香,同时极大程度保留了鲜枣果本身的清新酸感且无明显苦味。     

响应面法优化真空油炸红薯脆片的工艺研究

在真空油炸工艺中研究油炸时间、油炸温度以及真空度对红薯脆片脂肪含量和破碎力的影响,在单因素的试验基础上根据中心组合试验设计原理,分别采用响应曲面分析法对真空油炸红薯脆片工艺进行优化。综合考虑红薯脆片的脂肪含量和破碎力,选择油炸温度100~105℃、油炸时间18min、真空度0.090~0.095MPa作为最佳真空油炸红薯脆片工艺范围。     

低温真空油炸莲子的工艺优化

本文采用响应面试验设计方法研究低温真空油炸莲子的最佳工艺.对莲子进行低温真空油炸实验,测量油炸后莲子的硬度、含油量,研究了单因素对油炸莲子硬度和含油量的影响,采用Box-Behnken Design建立回归模型,分析真空度(0.085～0.095 MPa)、油炸温度(80～90℃)、油炸时间(15～25 min)对莲子...     

低温真空油炸工艺对小龙虾虾尾酥品质的影响

为丰富即食水产品种类,探索真空油炸技术,以单冻小龙虾虾尾为原料,通过低温真空油炸工艺制备小龙虾虾尾酥产品。在单因素试验的基础上,以水分、油脂含量、酥脆性、硬度、丙烯酰胺含量为指标,选择油炸温度、油炸时间、油料质量比和脱油时间为变量,利用正交试验设计对真空油炸工艺进行优化。结果表明,真空油炸工艺的最优条件：真空度0.09 MPa,油炸温度95℃、油炸时间120 min、油料质量比3.0:1.0、脱油时间25 min,此条件下,小龙虾虾尾酥水分含量为（2.65±0.11）%,粗脂肪含量为（25.66±1.88）%,硬度为（443.21±42.36）g,酥脆性与常压油炸小龙虾虾尾酥无显著差别,丙烯酰胺含量为（11.2±0.17）μg/kg。相比于常压油炸,低温真空油炸工艺不仅减少营养损失,而且降低了油脂及丙烯酰胺含量,为提升小龙虾油炸制品品质提供理论依据和科学指导。     

油炸马铃薯片加工工艺研究

本研究主要对马铃薯进行化学去皮、护色、真空油炸及脱油等工艺试验,已取得一些成果。油炸马铃薯片生产的最佳工艺方案是:马铃薯切片厚度1mm、油炸温度70～80℃、真空度—0.07MPa、时间为2分钟,脱油的离心机转达1000转/分,时间为120秒,可制得成品色泽金黄、酥脆宜口。     

响应面法优化低温真空油炸红枣脆片工艺

以红枣为原料,以红枣感官评分为指标,考察油种类、油炸时间、油炸温度、切片厚度、真空度对红枣脆片的感官影响,在此基础上,采用响应面法优化低温真空油炸红枣脆片工艺.经过多次实验探究,综合感官评价反馈,确定最优参数:棕榈油、油炸温度89℃,油炸时间33 min,真空度0.07 MPa,切片厚度4mm,感官评分为91,产品色泽...     

海芦笋脱盐和真空油炸工艺的优化

研究了海芦笋的脱盐和真空油炸工艺.以漂烫时间,冷冻时间,水料比和真空渗透时间为因素,通过L16(45)正交实验,确定了最优脱盐工艺.通过以油炸温度,真空度,油炸时间为因素的L9(34)正交实验和甩油转速实验,确定了最优的真空油炸工艺.结果表明:海芦笋经过90 ℃漂烫漂烫6 min,再冷冻24 h,然后以水料比15∶1真空渗透脱盐6 h.经前干燥后于100 ℃,真空度0.095 MPa条件下真空油炸10 min,再以450 r/min的转速脱盐8 min后所得真空油炸海芦笋的品质最佳.     

Physical and thermal properties of potato chips during vacuum frying

Vacuum frying (1.33 kPa), with the aid of a de-oiling mechanism, was used to produce low-fat potato chips.The kinetics of oil absorption and oil distribution in the potato chips was studied so that effectiveness of the de-oiling system could be established. Non-linear regression was used to fit the experimental data to the models used to describe oil absorption in potato chips with time.Moisture content, oil content, microstructure, diameter and thickness expansion, bulk density, true density, and porosity of chips fried at different temperatures (120, 130, and 140 °C) was performed to evaluate the effect of process temperature on the product. The convective heat transfer coefficient at the oil-chip interface was determined for the same temperature range.The final oil content of the potato chips was 0.072 ± 0.004, 0.062 ± 0.003, and 0.059 ± 0.003 g/g solid for frying temperatures of 120, 130, and 140 °C, respectively. These values are lower (80-87% less) than those found in the not de-oiled potato chips, which indicates that the de-oiling mechanism is crucial in vacuum frying processing. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in oil content and oil distribution within temperatures. The rate of change in product quality attributes was greatly affected by temperature; however, the final values of moisture content, bulk density, true density, porosity, diameter shrinkage, and thickness expansion were not affected by temperature.During vacuum frying, the convective heat transfer coefficient changed considerably as frying progressed; moreover, it increased with temperature reaching a maximum between 2200 and 2650 W/m² K depending on frying temperature.     

低温真空油炸哈密瓜脆片工艺研究

本文研究了低温真空油炸制取哈密瓜脆片的工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验来优化工艺参数。经优化后最佳参数为切片厚度3mm,脆片炸前含水量20％。护色温度为75℃,时间为1min;油炸温度为8013,时间为40min,真空度为O．08MPa。     

The optimization of vacuum frying to dehydrate carrot chips

The effects of pretreatment and processing conditions, such as frying temperature, absolute vacuum pressure and frying time; on the properties of fried carrot chips were studied. Statistical analysis with response surface regression showed that moisture content, fat content and breaking force of carrot chips were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with frying temperature, vacuum absolute pressure and frying time. The optimum conditions were a vacuum frying temperature of 100–110 °C, a vacuum absolute pressure of 0.010–0.020 MPa and a frying time of 15 min.     

Effects of processing conditions on the quality of vacuum fried apple chips

The effects of pretreatment and processing conditions on the quality of vacuum fried apple chips were studied. As blanched apple slices were pretreated by immersing in fructose solution and freezing prior to vacuum frying, more uniform porosity was observed on the surface (or cross-section) of apple chips as examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During vacuum frying, the moisture content and breaking force of apple chips decreased with increasing frying temperature and time while the oil content increased. The L values of fried apple chips decreased apparently with increasing frying temperature. However, when apple slices were fried at 100°C for up to 20 min, both a and b values increased rapidly. Statistical analysis with the central composite rotatable design showed that the moisture content, oil content, color, and breaking force of apple chips were significantly (P⩽0.05) correlated with concentration of immersing sugar solution, frying temperature and frying time. Based on surface responses and contour plots, optimum conditions were: vacuum frying temperature of 100–110°C, vacuum frying time of 20–25 min, and immersing fructose concentration of 30–40%.     

低温真空油炸山药脆片的工艺研究

对比不同油炸方式制作山药片,探究低温真空油炸山药脆片的优点及最佳生产工艺.以感官评价、含油率为考核指标,采用单因素和响应面方法对工艺进行优化,并通过色差仪和扫描电镜做色度及微观结构的观察.试验表明真空低温油炸山药脆片在色泽及含油率明显低于普通油炸方法,其最佳加工工艺为切片厚度6 mm,汽蒸5 min,油炸温度为95℃,...     

Vacuum frying as a route to produce novel snacks with desired quality attributes according to new health trends

Consumers look for products that contribute to their wellness and health, however, even health-conscious consumers are not willing to sacrifice organoleptic properties, and intense full-flavor snacks remain an important trend. The objective of this study was to examine most important quality parameters of vacuum (1.92 inHg) and atmospheric-fried carrot, potato, and apple slices to determine specific advantages of vacuum technology. Slices were fried using equivalent thermal driving forces, maintaining a constant difference between oil temperature and the boiling point of water at the working pressure (ΔT = 60 and 80 °C). This resulted in frying temperatures of 160 and 180 °C, and 98 and 118 °C, for atmospheric and vacuum frying, respectively. Vacuum-fried carrot and potato chips absorbed about 50% less oil than atmospheric-fried chips, whereas vacuum-fried apple chips reduced oil absorption by 25%. Total carotenoids and ascorbic acid (AA) were greatly preserved during vacuum frying. Carrot chips vacuum fried at 98 °C retained about 90% of total carotenoids, whereas potato and apple slices vacuum fried at 98 °C, preserved around 95% of their initial AA content. Interestingly, results showed that the antioxidant capacity of chips may be related to both the presence of natural antioxidants and brown pigments developed at elevated temperatures. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A way to reduce detrimental effects of deep-fat frying is through operating-pressure reduction, the essence behind vacuum deep-fat frying. In this way, it is possible to remove product moisture at a low temperature in a low-oxygen environment. The objective of this research was to study the effect of oil temperature reduction when vacuum frying traditional (potatoes) and nontraditional products (carrots and apples) on most important quality attributes (vitamins, color, and oil uptake). Results are promising and show that vacuum frying can be an alternative to produce nutritious and novel snacks with desired quality attributes, since vitamins and color were greatly preserved and oil absorption could be substantially reduced.     

Effects of processing conditions on the quality of vacuum‐fried carrot chips

The effects of pretreatment and vacuum frying conditions on the quality of fried carrot chips were studied. The moisture and oil contents of fried carrot chips were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when blanched carrot slices were pretreated by immersion in fructose solution and freezing prior to vacuum frying. Furthermore, more uniform porosity was observed on the vertical cross‐section of carrot chips when examined by scanning electron microscopy. During vacuum frying, the moisture content, colour and breaking force of carrot chips decreased while the oil content increased with increasing frying temperature and time. However, there was no apparent change in Hunter ΔE with time when the frying temperature was below 100 °C and the frying time was below 25 min. Results of this study suggest that vacuum frying at moderate temperature (90–100 °C) for 20 min can produce carrot chips with lower moisture and oil contents as well as good colour and crispy texture. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low-temperature Vacuum Frying

ABSTRACT: Potatoes and other foods that have a high content of the amino acid asparagine and a high accumulation of reducing sugars are subject to the formation of acrylamide upon frying. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the level of acrylamide formed during deep-fat frying of potato chips and (2) to evaluate means of reducing acrylamide in potato chips by using different potato cultivars and vacuum frying. Several potato cultivars were used in this research, including Innovator (I), NDTX 4930–5W (N), ATX 854 04–8W (ATw), Atlantic (A), Shepody (S), ATX847806–2Ru (ATr), and White-Rose (W). An electric bench-top (atmospheric conditions)-type fryer was used to fry the potatoes. Three temperatures were used: 150 °C, 165 °C, and 180 °C. The vacuum frying experiments were performed at 118 °C, 125 °C, and 140 °C and a vacuum pressure of 10 Torr. The potatoes were sliced (1.5-mm thick) and fried for different lengths of times. For potatoes fried at 165 °C (for 4 min) at atmospheric conditions, the acrylamide contents were 5021 ± 55 ppb (W), 552 ± 25 ppb (I), 358 ± 50 ppb (N), 397 ± 25 ppb (ATw), 646 ± 55 ppb (A), 466 ± 15 ppb(S), and 537 ± 14 ppb (ATr). Vacuum frying reduced acrylamide formation by 94%. Results showed that both cultivar and modified frying systems can play an important role in reducing acrylamide formation in fried potatoes. As the frying temperature decreased from 180 °C to 165 °C, acrylamide content in potato chips reduced by 51% during traditional frying and by 63% as the temperature decreased from 140 °C to 125 °C in vacuum frying. Increased frying time increased acrylamide formation during traditional frying for all temperatures and frying methods analyzed. However, the effect on acrylamide concentration was greater for the traditional frying than the vacuum frying. Keywords: acrylamide, vacuum, frying, potato, temperature     

低温真空油炸粉葛片工艺优化及其品质分析

为实现粉葛的全质化利用,本文采用低温真空油炸工艺制备粉葛片。在单因素实验基础上通过正交试验优化了低温真空油炸粉葛片的制备工艺。结果表明,最优工艺为粉葛片厚度2 mm,油炸温度105℃,油炸时间35 min,漂烫时间3 min。在最优条件下粉葛片脆性值为989.35 g,脂肪含量为22.95%。此外,还比较了不同工艺制备的粉葛片品质。漂烫、冷冻处理后低温真空油炸粉葛片的脂肪含量较低,脆性值较高,而通过漂烫冷冻常规油炸所得粉葛片含水量（1.71%）和脆性值（597.54 g）最低,脂肪含量达62.24%。未漂烫粉葛片常规油炸后脂肪含量显著高于低温真空油炸所得粉葛片（P<0.05）,而脆性值无显著性差异（P>0.05）。油炸粉葛片香气物质以氮氧化合物、硫化物和有机硫化物为主,但是不同油炸所得粉葛片香味有明显差异。经油炸后粉葛片表面蜂窝状结构消失,通过漂烫冷冻低温真空油炸的粉葛片表面有少许孔洞,而在未冷冻的葛根片表面形成一层凝胶层。     

马铃薯片常压油炸工艺优化研究

对影响常压油炸马铃薯片品质的工艺参数进行了优化研究。结果表明,在柠檬酸溶液浓度为0.10%～0.25%、预干燥时间为10～40min和油炸温度为170～200℃的范围内,以薯片的丙烯酰胺含量、含油量和脆度为指标,常压油炸薯片的最佳工艺条件为:薯片切片采用柠檬酸溶液浓度为0.20%的柠檬酸水溶液浸泡后,于85℃预干燥30min,最后用180℃恒温油炸至熟。