The decrease of risk of occupational diseases among rail road workers: future strategies

Diagnosis, registration and prophylaxis of occupational diseases among railway workers remain unsatisfactory so far. Thus, creation of the Railway Register of Occupational Diseases is essential. The Register includes several blocks related to each other and covering enterprises, medical and social institutions. Given relatively low primary occupational morbidity in railway transport, the Register's software considers incidence of occupational diseases in Russian Federation among analogous occupations, matched in working environment classes, length of service and occupational hazard. The authors obtained the matched incidences of occupational diseases, and can extrapolate the relationships revealed to railway workers, forecast high risk of occupational diseases among these workers.     

Work condition of electricians servicing railway shunting and maneuvering yards

The article represents main occupational hazards and work conditions of such railway occupation as electromechanic and electromounter of shunting yards of railway stations. Complete hygienic evaluation of the occupational activities is given for individuals working at Moskovskaya, Oktjabrskaya and Sevemaya railroads. Health state of the workers was studied according to transitory disablement materials, the morbidity and its structure were analyzed. The authors outline some suggestions to improve the work conditions and decrease the morbidity.     

Treating dental caries as an infectious disease. Applying the medical model in practice to prevent dental caries

The article stresses that railway hygiene has accumulated vast experience in evaluation of working environment of railway construction workers in severe climate conditions, thorough hygienic characteristics cover the main construction occupations and the exploitation staffers. The research helped to elaborate variety of hygienic regulations on occupational hygiene and work schedules for railway construction workers, on hygienic basis of the workers' everyday life in severe climate conditions.     

Deformation Characteristics of Ventiduct Embankment on Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The Qinghai-Tibet railway, the highest railway in terms of elevation, was built under the harshest of weather conditions in the world. A new technique, called the ventiduct embankment, was used for the first time in railway construction in the Qinghai-Tibet permafrost region of China to overcome the specific difficulties of the permafrost plateau. To evaluate its effectiveness, several full-scale test embankments were constructed at a representative field site, the Qingshuihe experimental section. The effectiveness of the ventiduct embankment structure has been verified by comparing it with the performance of the nearby control embankment in terms of permafrost table, settlement, and thaw depth. These observations are presented in this paper. The ventiduct embankment structure based on this study has been adopted in Qinghai-Tibet permafrost railway construction.     

Occupational levels and perceptions of the world of work in the inner city.

Investigated the relationship of family occupational level to perceptions of the world of work for 180 9th-grade inner-city Black pupils attending school in a low-income Black community. Ss were given the Hall Occupational Orientation Inventory, and the Occupational scale of the Index of Social Position was used to establish family occupational level. Findings indicated that family occupational level was salient to perceptions of the world of work. Implications for guidance programs for Black inner-city pupils are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Legal issues in sharing the benefits of biodiversity prospecting

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the US Government's principal agency for research on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A critical component of the Institute's mission is the identification and development of new and promising treatments for cancer and AIDS. For many years these efforts have included a program to investigate natural products for potential new therapeutic agents. In 1986, with the advent of new screening techniques, the National Cancer Institute stepped up its exploration of natural products and began world-wide collections of plants in tropical and subtropical regions. In recognition of the principles of the Biodiversity Treaty, NCI appreciates that continued access to the natural products of these countries depends on the Institute's ability to recognize the contributions of these source countries and their indigenous peoples, and to provide them adequate incentives to conserve their natural resources for the purposes of drug discovery. Accomplishing this goal presented several legal issues for the National Cancer Institute. As an agency of the US government, the NCI has an adjunct statutory mission to facilitate the transfer of technology developed through the Institute's programs into the private sector for further development and commercialization, and NCI operates under a national policy to use the patent system to transfer Federally supported research to the private domestic sector. Reliance on patent law may limit the Institute's ability to recognize the rights of source countries and their indigenous people and provide compensation for their contributions. However, other legal instruments, such as contracts, can serve as interim measures to provide compensation to source countries and indigenous populations. The National Cancer Institute's Letter of Collection agreement (LOC, formerly the "Letter of Intent'), is an example of an alternative means that "fills-in the gaps' created by patent law and through which source countries may share in the benefits of natural product development.     

论企业及城市铁路运输安全管理

当前,以四横四纵为标志的全国铁路高速化网络正在建设中,也许不久的将来,铁路运输瓶颈将在一段时间内大大缓解,但高速化后的铁路运输安全问题也将更加突出,企业铁路运输也同样,江西铜业集团公司贵溪冶炼厂,在国内同行业铜产量第一,在世界排名第3位,随着企业的迅猛发展,企业的运输量倍增,需求也越来越大,安全问题受到重视,安全是铁路运输的生命线,是运输生产永恒的主题。通过适当的经济手段和行政手段再配合耐心细致的思想工作,抓设备质量,抓人员素质,抓规章制度,以铁的手腕、铁的纪律,多拉快跑,确保城市铁路运输及企业铁路运输生产的安全顺行。     

论国有大中型企业的铁路运输

我国绝大多数的国有大中型企业,尤其是特大型企业,其外部运输方式主要为铁路运输。铁路运输是一种现代化运输方式,具有运输能力大,运送速度较快,运输距离长、安全程度高、运输准时方便、运输成本低廉以及受气候条件影响较小等特点,而国有大中型企业特别是钢铁厂、炼铜厂,需要运输的量较大,货源较稳定,因此,其外部运输大多数采用铁路运输的方式。如,一个钢铁厂每年生产1t钢便产生6t的铁路运量。笔者所在的江西铜业公司贵溪冶炼厂,在国内同行业铜产量第一,在世界排名第3位,它每生产1t铜需要产生5t的铁路运量。2012年年产铜103.48万t,产生铁路运量511万t,有部份管道运输与公路运输,铁路运输占企业的绝大部分。从数字表明,研究国有大中型企业的铁路运输,对企业或铁路部门都有具有十分重大的意义。     

Radiation therapy among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Occupational asthma is the most common occupational lung disease in the world. Occupational asthma comprises approximately 25-50% of occupational lung diseases and is responsible for up to 15% of all asthma cases. Either immunologic or nonimmunologic causes may be responsible for occupational asthma. There are approximately 250 compounds known to cause occupational asthma. Common examples include flour, animal dander, isocyanates, and latex. The diagnosis of occupational asthma depends on an accurate history of asthma and documentation that the asthma is caused by workplace exposure. Peak flow measurements are commonly used to provide data to define this relationship. Spirometry and bronchial provocation testing are also helpful. The key management tool in occupational asthma is avoidance of the causative agent. Avoidance is more important than treatment with medications. Occupational asthma can have major socioeconomic impacts on an individual, and the diagnostic work-up and management needs to be performed with this in mind.     

Genetic frequencies for Kell, Duffy, Xg, Lutheran, Diego, MNSs and Rh blood group systems in a hospital of Santiago, Chile (author''s transl)

This paper is designed to orient occupational therapists to the use of single subject methodology as a viable mode of clinical research. The role of single subject designs in today's scientific world is explored through an historical perspective, and major strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Basic methodological concepts and research designs are presented to provide a foundation for therapists interested in documenting intervention results. Finally, some of the problems inherent in transferring single subject strategies to occupational therapy are presented.     

Evaluation of an occupational health education program among 11th grade students

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of publications on occupational health as part of the educational curricula in high schools. We investigated the extent to which a new occupational health education program for 11th graders succeeded in achieving changes in their knowledge and attitudes. METHODS: Six classrooms were randomly assigned to either 96 participating students or to a control group (n = 100) that did not participate. Data on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were collected before and 4 months after completion of the course by means of an anonymous self-reported questionnaire. One point was assigned to each answer that was either correct or in the desired direction. Scoring was measured by adding up the points and then converting the total into a scale of 100. RESULTS: The experimental group had a statistically higher mean score (from 24.56 to 80.74) after completing the course. The control group had low scores at both time 1 (20.15) and time 2 (17.00). At least 50% more students of the experimental group gave correct answers after the course, while there was no such change in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that occupational health learning can occur in the secondary school setting and confirm the program's effectiveness in achieving desired changes in the immediate outcome of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in different areas of occupational health. The subject of occupational health is a topic with relevance to larger educational objectives and policies. In many countries all over the world as well as in Israel, this curriculum can potentially be integrated into the body of the current instruction of "Life Abilities," which are courses that cover topics that prepare the youngsters for adult lifestyles.     

Project Delivery Systems and Project Change: Quantitative Analysis

Design/build has become one of the favored project delivery methods in the engineering construction industry. Numerous studies have advocated the use of design/build over the traditional design/bid/build delivery approach. A comprehensive analysis of 67 global projects from the Construction Industry Institute's database shows that design/build projects may not provide all the benefits to project performance. The study found timesaving was a definitive advantage of design/build project delivery, but, the positive effects of cost and productivity changes were not convincing. Based on the results of the study, the project management expertise and experience of the contractor may have a greater impact on project performance outcomes than focusing on project delivery strategy only.     

国内客运专线用钢轨及其生产工艺

简要地介绍了国内外高速铁路发展情况及所使用钢轨的化学成分和性能,从理论和实践上分析了国内客运钢轨暂行技术条件与普通钢轨技术条件的区别。客运专线钢轨要求塑性更高,其A≥10%,w（T.O）≤20×106,夹杂物要求更低,A类夹杂不大于2.0级,B、C、D类夹杂不大于1.0级,客运专线钢轨的总体要求明显高于普通钢轨。从客运钢轨钢的工艺技术和设备的对比分析可知,国内鞍钢、包钢、攀钢、武钢4家钢厂的生产设备已处于世界领先水平,但是由于我国生产高速钢轨的时间还不长,还缺少生产和管理的经验,目前我国钢轨的实物质量与国外先进水平还存在一定差距。     

An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms

A novel defined microbiological growth medium, National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate growth medium (NBRIP), which is more efficient than Pikovskaya medium (PVK), was developed for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. In plate assay the efficiency of NBRIP was comparable to PVK; however, in broth assay NBRIP consistently demonstrated about 3-fold higher efficiency compared to PVK. The results indicated that the criterion for isolation of phosphate solubilizers based on the formation of visible halo/zone on agar plates is not a reliable technique, as many isolates which did not show any clear zone on agar plates solubilized insoluble inorganic phosphates in liquid medium. It may be concluded that soil microbes should be screened in NBRIP broth assay for the identification of the most efficient phosphate solubilizers.     

Review of In search of solutions: A new direction in psychotherapy.

Reviews the book, In search of solutions: A new direction in psychotherapy by Williams Hudson O'Hanlon and Michelle Weiner-Davis (see record 1989-98511-000). This book is a presentation of solution-oriented therapy, which derives from the work of Milton Erickson. The book also draws upon research from the Mental Research Institute's work in brief therapy, and from the Brief Family Therapy Center in Milwaukee, where the second author was part of the research team. The book, however, is not a presentation of research; there are no discussions of statistics or research design. What the book does discuss is implementing solution-oriented therapy, an approach which focuses on the strengths of clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Aggression and psychopathology in persons with severe or profound mental retardation

In order to determine key competences required of occupational medicine specialists, common throughout Europe, a questionnaire has been developed and distributed among several European countries. The questionnaire contained 115 subjects related to 8 fields of activities carried out by occupational medicine physicians (occupational hazards to health, assessment of disability and fitness for work, communications, research methods, management, environmental medicine, occupational health law and ethics, and health promotion). In each of these fields, competences were classified into three following categories: knowledge, experience and skills. Respondents were asked to allocate a score from 0 to 5 for each subject, where 0 = not necessary; 1 = of minimum importance, and 5 = most important or essential. In Poland the questionnaire was distributed among two groups of specialists: group I--experienced specialists in occupational medicine (leading representatives of occupational health care management), and group II--relatively younger and less experienced occupational medicine physicians, participating in the specialist training, organised by The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. A comprehensive analysis of the completed questionnaires was carried out in two dimensions: substantive (the importance of individual competences as perceived by Polish specialists in occupational medicine), and comparative (evaluation and interpretation of similarities and differences between two groups of respondents). A hierarchy of requirements, occupational medicine training in Poland is to satisfy, was reconstructed with two sets of competences, one recognised by respondents as needless and the other recognised as useful with different grades of importance. Some characteristic differences in opinions between two groups studies were highlighted.     

The COMMIT dental model: tobacco control practices and attitudes

The National Cancer Institute's program to help dentists reduce tobacco use among their patients is part of the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation, a 22-community, randomly controlled trial of an intervention program for smoking cessation. Results of COMMIT baseline surveys of dentists in the 11 intervention communities are presented.     

高耐候310乙字钢试制

文章讨论了具有高耐候性能Q345GNHL 310乙字钢的试制过程.成分设计方面,在添加耐候元素Cu、P基础上,添加Cr、Ni、RE、Si提高耐腐蚀性能及改善低温冲击韧性;添加适量Nb、v以保证力学性能.采用"80t转炉冶炼-LF炉精炼-B96模铸-初轧开坯-轨梁轧制成品"工艺流程生产的新型310乙字钢,满足了铁路部门生产铁路车辆进入国际市场的技术要求.     

Use of videotape in occupational therapy

The use and production of videotapes in occupational therapy are expected to increase in the future. A survey of 54 occupational therapy curricula and 59 hospital-clinics showed that 71 percent of the respondents use videotapes. Of that group, 70 percent produce videotapes for occupational therapy. Forty-six percent of the producers of occupational therapy videotapes make them available to others. Ninety-two percent of the respondents indicated a need for reviews of films and videotapes pertinent to occupational therapy, either in a directory--or a directory, with monthly reviews of new materials in the Occupational Therapy Newspaper or AJOT. A listing of subject areas most needed in a videotape format was also compiled.     

Research and Practice of Production Technology for High Performance Low Alloy Steels in WISCO

The product system of high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) produced by Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation (WISCO) was presented.A series of high performance structural steels have been developed for important construction projects around the world in different areas,such as bridge,pressure vessel,pipe line,shipbuilding,architecture,machinery and railway wagons.In order to promote the development of large heat input welding steel,high grade thick pipeline steel and long span bridge steel,a lot of advanced production technologies have been achieved through intensive investigation,such as the control of high purity,high homogenization and free defects in steel slabs,the rules of high melting point particle formation and distribution in micro and nano scale during steel production,and the TMCP technology for ultra low carbon bainite steel for medium and heavy plates.WISCO will carry on research and application of economic and weather-resistant steels and promote the developing and producing technologies of HSLA steel.