B. F. Skinner (1904–1990): Obituary.

Marks the death of B. F. Skinner (1904–1990). Eight days before his death on August 18, 1990, Skinner received the American Psychological Association's Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology. His contribution was his demonstration that behavior could be studied as self-sufficient rather than as a reflection of inner mental events. The goal of Skinner's science was the control, prediction, and interpretation of behavior. While his work carried profound implications for the psychology of the 1940s, few adopted his approach until the early 1950s. His work on verbal behavior (1957) has only recently stimulated any serious research or application. Skinner always viewed his own work as the product of environmental contingencies, and not the result of a creative mind. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

B. F. Skinner, organism.

B. F. Skinner illustrated the power of behavior analysis by turning it on his own behavior. This article considers parallels in the life and work of Charles Darwin and places Skinner's views of life and death in the context of his selectionist paradigm for psychology. The term organism plays a special role, and the account shows why Skinner might have regarded it as an appropriate title. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some fundamentals of B. F. Skinner's behaviorism.

Despite B. F. Skinner's prominence, his impressive written corpus, and the many authoritative presentations by others of his approach to psychology, the fundamentals of Skinner's psychology have never been addressed in any comprehensive manner. In this article, the authors take steps to fill this gap by synopsizing Skinner's written corpus into 12 fundamental points that seem to characterize his behaviorism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PEA: working towards standards of good practice in the NHS

At the beginning of the year Stuart Whitaker described a pilot study for the national audit of pre-employment assessment in the NHS. Having completed the project he now presents its findings with a call for the introduction of standards of good practice.     

An existential look at B. F. Skinner.

Perhaps surprisingly, radical behaviorism has much in common with the modern rebellion against classical philosophy known as existentialism. Similarities could have been shaped by a verbal community that included Skinner. Radical behaviorism is seen as part of a discussion becoming increasingly reliable in its treatment of human behavior, and as an effective philosophy of science. The concept of despair is discussed, followed by a consideration of modernist thinking in general. Six dimensions of inquiry on which radical behaviorism and existentialism share similar positions are treated, and the concept of freedom is discussed. Skinner's lifelong devotion to writing is viewed as a bridge linking science with art. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preparations of the F.N. Farmacopea Nationale containing bismuth. II

School lunches containing all conventional foods were designed to provide either one-third or one-half the Recommended Dietary Allowances for elementary students. The same nutrient goals were used in planning meals containing some formulated foods. Goals and specified portion sizes for first through third graders were distinct from those for fourth through sixth graders, and data from the two groups were maintained separately. Nutrients in meals and plate waste were analyzed to compare nutrient intake among the treatments. Formulated meals weighed less than control and conventional meals, and students ate higher percentages of both the weight and the nutrients served in formulated meals. Nutrient intake was higher when half the allowances was served, but waste was also higher.     

砷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定三七中总砷含量

[目的]获得快速检测三七中总砷的方法.[方法]采用砷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定人工种植三七中的总砷含量,并优化其显色条件.[结果]最佳显色条件:显色剂用量为5.0 ml,显色温度为40℃,显色时间为30 min;AsⅢ标准溶液在浓度为0～0.04 μg/ml时,与吸光度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.996 6);样品中未检测到As.[结论]该方法精密度高,稳定性好,可作为三七中砷含量的检测方法.     

Inhalation toxicity of 1,6-hexanediamine dihydrochloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice

1,6-Hexanediamine (HDA) is a high production volume chemical which is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of paints, resins, inks, and textiles and as a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants. Two- and 13-week studies of the toxicity of the dihydrochloride salt of HDA (HDDC) were conducted in male and female Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice using whole-body inhalation exposure. Both species were evaluated for histopathologic and reproductive effects, and rats were examined for clinical chemistry and hematologic changes. In the 2-week inhalation studies, animals were exposed to 10-800 mg HDDC/m3, 6 hr per day. All rats, all female mice, and two of five male mice in the high-exposure group died before the end of the study. Surviving mice in this group had a dose-dependent depression in body weight gain. Clinical signs were primarily related to upper respiratory tract irritation and included dyspnea and nasal discharge in both species. Treatment-related histopathologic lesions included inflammation and necrosis of the laryngeal epithelium of both species and the tracheal epithelium of mice, as well as focal inflammation and ulceration of the respiratory and olfactory nasal mucosa. In the 13-week inhalation studies, animals were exposed to HDDC at concentrations of 1.6-160 mg/m3 for 6 hr per day, 5 days per week. In addition to the base study groups, a supplemental group of rats at each exposure level was included to assess the effect of HDDC on reproduction. No treatment-related changes in organ weights or organ-to-body-weight ratios occurred in rats, and no treatment-related clinical signs or gross lesions were seen in either species. Chemical-related microscopic lesions were limited to the upper respiratory tract (larynx and nasal passages) in the two highest exposure groups and were similar in both species. These lesions included minimal to mild focal erosion, ulceration, inflammation, and hyperplasia of the laryngeal epithelium, in addition to degeneration of the olfactory and respiratory nasal epithelium. HDDC caused no significant changes in sperm morphology or vaginal cytology and no significant adverse effects on reproduction in rats or mice. Hematologic and clinical chemistry changes in rats were minor and sporadic and were not accompanied by related histologic findings. HDDC did not increase the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

回归分析在高炉生产中的运用

通过对炉温与铁温相关关系的分析，运用直线回归计算出炉温与铁温与铁温合理值，对指导高炉生产，降本增效起到一定的作用。     

有害元素对高炉炉况的影响

介绍了石钢在入烧料中配加大量除尘灰后，K，Na，Zn等有害元素含量增加，在系统中循环，无法外排，对高炉炉况产生的恶劣影响。对炉况发生变化前的一些征兆及采取措施后炉内有害元素的变化趋势进行了分析。     

转炉终点氧含量预报模型

建立了两种转炉炼钢终点氧预报模型。即数学统计模型和神经网络模型。数学模型采用多元线性回归方法建模,该模型简单、可视,但预报效果不理想,预报误差小于80×10-6,命中率仅为72.7%。神经网络模型在选取适当输入参数的基础上,通过对现场生产数据进行训练,求得合理优化的网络权重,可对转炉终点氧含量进行离线预报,该模型的预报结果较好,预报误差小于80×10-6时,预报命中率超过86.4%。     

钒在高炉炉渣中还原过程的研究

钒钛磁铁矿中的钒主要是以V尖晶石的形态存在。热力学计算表明：钒氧化物的还原在铁氧化物还原完成后才能开始进行,高炉渣内的V只能用C直接还原。对V在高炉炉渣中的还原过程进行了研究,找出了炉渣温度、炉渣CaO／SiO2、MgO、Al2O3和TiO2含量对V还原过程的影响。     

B. F. Skinner: Au-delá de la controverse.

Discusses controversies surrounding the work of B. F. Skinner's influence on various theories of human and animal behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A genetic system involving superoxide causes F1 necrosis in wheat (T. aestivum L.)

A genetic system in wheat is described in which F1 produced by crossing a drought tolerant cultivar C306 and high yielding cultivar WL711 exhibits leaf necrosis leading to the death of the plant. The mechanism underlying hybrid necrosis is not yet known. The hybrid exhibited a higher level of superoxide anion compared to the healthy leaves of parents at similar developmental stages. This increase in superoxide generation preceded necrotic lesion formation and displayed a gradient from the leaf tip to base. The leaf tip where necrotic lesions make their first appearance exhibited a higher level of superoxide compared to the base. Superoxide anion thus appears to play a vital role in necrosis of leaves in F1 hybrid. This genetic system can be a model system for understanding cell death in higher plants.     

7号高炉5月份高产总结

分析7号高炉高产原因，并提出大高炉强化冶炼的措施。     

B. F. Skinner's legacy in human infant behavior and development.

B. F. Skinner's legacy to human behavioral research for the study of environment–infant interactions, and indeed for the conception of development itself, is described and exemplified. The legacy is largely the practicality, the efficiency, and the comparative advantage (relative to diverse other behavioral and nonbehavioral approaches) of using the operant-learning paradigm to organize and explain many of the sequential changes in behavior patterns conventionally thought to constitute infant development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)