钼酸锂与苯骈三氮唑复配对碳钢在溴化锂溶液中的缓蚀作用及其在溴化锂制冷机组中的应用

通过静态挂片法研究了钼酸锂与苯骈三氮唑复配对碳钢的缓蚀作用,通过极化曲线探讨钼酸锂及苯骈三氮唑复配缓蚀作用的机理,并对比了钼酸锂与苯骈三氮唑复配对碳钢在溴化锂溶液和溴化锂制冷机组冷凝水中的缓蚀效果与铬酸锂的缓蚀效果的优劣。实验表明钼酸锂与苯骈三氮唑复配对碳钢在溴化锂溶液中有较强的缓蚀作用,添加0.010 mol/L钼酸锂和0.020 mol/L苯骈三氮唑能显著抑制溴化锂溶液和冷凝水对碳钢的腐蚀,其缓蚀效果和铬酸锂的缓蚀效果相当,对溴化锂制冷机组有较好的缓蚀作用。     

棉竹竹叶提取物在HCl中对钢和铝的缓蚀作用

采用失重法和动电位极化曲线首次研究了棉竹竹叶提取物在1.0 mol/LHCl溶液中对冷轧钢和工业纯铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明：棉竹竹叶提取物对冷轧钢具有非常好的缓蚀作用,最大缓蚀率达95%,且在钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;对铝具有中等程度的缓蚀作用,最大缓蚀率仅为55%,在铝表面的吸附也服从Langmuir吸附模型。极化曲线表明竹叶缓蚀剂为混合抑制型缓蚀剂。     

氟硼酸体系中三聚磷酸钠对铝的吸附及缓蚀作用

采用失重法研究了氟硼酸体系中三聚磷酸钠对铝的吸附及缓蚀作用,并应用吸附理论和Sekine方法对实验数据进行处理,发现三聚磷酸钠在氟硼酸溶液中在铝表面上产生了吸附,且低质量浓度下吸附规律基本符合Langmuir等温式,缓蚀率随温度和浓度的增大而增大.根据这些结果,讨论了吸附与缓蚀作用之间的关系,并获得了吸附过程△H°,△S°和△G°等重要热力学参数.     

荞麦提取物对铝在HCl溶液中的缓蚀作用

采用超声波法提取荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.)得到荞麦提取物(FEME),采用失重法和电化学法研究FEME对金属铝在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)表征铝表面的微观形貌,红外光谱(FTIR)测定了FEME在缓蚀前后的官能团结构和化学键组成。结果表明,FEME对铝在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中有良好的缓蚀性能,30℃下,500 mg/L FEME的缓蚀率达到了86.7%,FEME在铝表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附类型为物理吸附和化学吸附相结合的混合吸附型,但20℃时标准吸附Gibbs自由能为-19.22 kJ/mol,体现以物理吸附为主;电化学极化曲线表明,FEME为以抑制阴极析氢反应为主的阴极抑制型缓蚀剂,电化学阻抗谱容抗弧随FEME浓度的增大而明显增大,铝的电荷转移电阻增大,腐蚀抑制作用增强;铝缓蚀后,表面平均粗糙程度和起伏度明显减小,FEME有效吸附在铝表面,达到缓蚀效果。     

菜籽饼提取液对盐酸中铝表面上的吸附及其缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了菜籽饼提取液，对铝在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀作用，发现该提取液中的缓蚀组分，在盐酸溶液中的铝表面上产生的吸附，且服从Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式。求出吸附热为６８ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１，认为化学吸附是产生缓蚀作用的主要原因。     

水解蛋白作为酸洗缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能研究

以发酵工业废水为原料提出菌体，将其部分水解后，所得水解蛋白液作为酸洗缓蚀剂，采用失重法研究了它在盐酸、硫酸溶液中对钢、铝的缓蚀效率，认定其在盐酸、硫酸溶液中对钢有较好的缓蚀作用，以及同六次甲基四胺复配后良好的缓蚀协同作用。     

腰果酚对铝在酸/碱体系中缓蚀作用的研究

实验采用失重法研究了腰果酚对铝在NaOH溶液和HCl溶液中,在不同的腰果酚用量、温度、NaOH浓度(或HCl用量)和反应时间条件下缓蚀作用的变化规律,为工业上铝的腐蚀防护提供帮助。实验结果表明:腰果酚对铝在NaOH溶液和HCl溶液中都有良好的缓蚀作用,且在较低温度下缓蚀作用更好;缓蚀作用随着腰果酚用量增加而增强,当腰果酚用量达到一定量时缓蚀作用不再增强或增强不明显。     

慈竹（Neosinocalamus affinis）竹叶提取物在盐酸介质中对铝的缓蚀作用

从慈竹（Neosinocalamus affinis）竹叶中提取出的固体物质,可以作为一种环境友好型植物缓蚀剂。用失重法研究了钓鱼慈竹竹叶固体提取物在1．0mol／LHCI溶液中对铝的缓蚀作用。结果表明：提取物对铝在HCl溶液中具有良好的缓蚀作用,并根据实验结果探讨了缓蚀机理。     

菜籽饼提取液对盐酸中铝表面上的吸附及其缓蚀作用

用失重法研究了菜籽饼提取液,对铝在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀作用,发现该提取液中的缓蚀组分,在盐酸溶液中的铝表面上产生了吸附,且服从Langmuir吸附等温式。求出吸附热为68kJ.mol~(-1),认为化学吸附是产生缓蚀作用的主要原因。     

钼酸锂的制备及缓蚀实验

用两种方法制取钼酸锂，所得产品用ＥＤＴＡ法检验其纯度，表明溶液法制得产品比熔融法纯度高；将钼酸锂添加到５０％～５５％的溴化锂制冷剂吸收液中，对钢片有较好的缓蚀能力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。