模糊自整定PID控制器的设计与仿真

常规PID控制器因结构简单、鲁棒性好、参数调整方便等,常被用于工业过程控制.但其参数整定是在获取被控对象数学模型的基础上根据一定的规则来确定的,难以适应复杂多变的控制系统.针对其参数整定效果不良、调试时间长、对被控对象适应性差等缺点,将模糊控制与PID控制相结合,设计了模糊自整定PID控制器.在常规PID控制器基础上,根据相应的模糊规则进行模糊推理,实现PID参数的在线自整定.仿真结果表明,模糊自整定PID控制器,不仅具有模糊控制快速、适应性强等优点,又有PID控制精确度高的特点,使系统有较好的控制作用,因此具有较好的工业应用前景.     

基于在线自调整参数模糊控制器的研究与应用

提出了一种模糊自整定PID参数的方法,运用MATLAB进行仿真研究表明,该模糊自整定PID控制器既具有PID控制器高精度的优点,又具有模糊控制器快速,适应性强的特点,使被控对象具有良好的动、稳态特性.     

模糊逻辑在PID参数整定中的应用

PID控制是最早发展起来的控制策略之一,由于受到参数整定方法烦杂的困扰,常规PID控制器参数往往性能欠佳,对运行工作情况的适应性差。本设计将模糊控制和PID控制结合起来,构建自适应模糊PID控制器,实现PID参数的最佳调整。该模糊自整定PID控制器既具有PID控制器高精度的优点,又具有模糊控制器快速、稳态特性。     

基于模糊自适应PID的无人机纵向姿态控制研究

针对无人机的典型的非线性、控制参数时变以及建模复杂的特性,设计了一种基于模糊自适应PID的控制器来实现对无人机纵向姿态的控制;该控制器以误差e和误差变化率ec作为输入,可以满足不同时刻e和ec对PID参数自整定的要求;利用模糊控制规则在线对PID参数进行修正,从而使被控对象具有更好的动、静态性能;仿真结果表明,设计的模糊自适应PID控制器具有响应快及超调小的特性,而且自适应能力也较强.     

基于迭代继电反馈的多变量PID控制器自整定

PID控制是工业过程中最常用的控制方法,但在实际生产过程中,被控过程往往是多变量、有耦合的,常规PID控制器参数往往整定不良、性能欠佳,对运行工况的适应性较差。为此,将迭代反馈理论和继电整定方法有机结合起来,提出一种适用于存在耦合的多变量系统PID控制器的参数整定方法。运用该方法整定PID参数,不需要被控对象的数学模型,而且具有速度快、效果好等优点。     

模糊自整定PID控制在聚合反应中的研究

针对工业生产中常用的反应釜,提出利用模糊自整定PID控制器实现聚合反应温度控制的方法,实现PID控制器参数在线自调整,提高PID控制器的性能和系统的精度.仿真结果表明,该模糊自整定PID对被控系统的适应性强、鲁棒性好、超调小、反应时间快,能很好地适应现实生产过程中的控制要求.     

小型电加热反应器温度的模糊自适应整定PID控制

小型电加热反应器系统具有较大的纯滞后、惯性滞后、非线性和时变特性,参数固定不变的普通PID控制器难以进行精确温控.通过把操作人员积累的PID参数整定经验知识总结成模糊规则,利用模糊逻辑推理进行在线实时整定,设计了电加热反应器温度模糊自适应整定PID控制算法.通过Matlab与组态软件"组态王"KINGVIEW的动态数据交换,在Matlalb上编程实现了模糊自适应整定PID控制算法.进行了一般情况下和具有较强非线性和时变特性情况下温度控制实验,实验结果表明,模糊自适应整定PID控制取得了比普通PID更好的控制结果,模糊自适应整定PID控制对过程非线性和时变特性具有更强的适应性.     

模糊自整定PID控制器在再热汽温控制中的应用研究

针对工业过程中再热汽温等一类大迟延惯性时变对象,采用模糊自整定PID控制器对PID参数调节和优化,该方法将模糊技术与PID控制综合起来,实现了PID控制的智能化。仿真结果表明:与常规PID控制器相比,模糊自整定PID控制器具有很强的适应性、鲁棒性和抗干扰性。     

基于粒子群优化的一类模糊控制器设计

针对一般模糊控制器存在稳态性能与动态性能之间的矛盾,提出一种参数自整定模糊控制器.该控制器结构简单,算法简便,具有良好的动态特性,能有效消除静态偏差,且有一定的鲁棒性.为避免模糊控制器设计中参数调试的复杂性,获得最佳的控制性能,应用改进的自适应粒子群优化算法对模糊控制器参数进行优化设计.通过典型的被控对象的仿真研究,验证了所提出算法的有效性和适应性以及所设计控制器的优越性.     

模糊自整定PID控制器在再热汽温控制中的应用研究

针对工业过程中再热汽温等一类大迟延惯性时变对象,采用模糊自整定PID控制器对PID参数调节和优化,该方法将模糊技术与PID控制综合起来,实现了PID控制的智能化.仿真结果表明与常规PID控制器相比,模糊自整定PID控制器具有很强的适应性、鲁棒性和抗干扰性.     

基于规则与优化方法相结合的PID整定

现有的PID整定方法在水电控制等系统中难以获得令人满意的效果。提出基于规则与优化相结合的PID整定方法 (RO) ,对于模型未知的被控对象 ,首先对其进行辨识 ,得到其参数模型 ,在整定规则的基础上 ,通过优化计算使该PID控制器直接满足一组频域性能指标要求 ,能为某一运行工况提供最佳PID参数 ,改善控制系统的动态品质。     

On the stability and controller robustness of some popular PID tuning rules

In this note, we study the stability and controller robustness of some popular proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuning techniques that are based on first-order models with time delays. Using the characterization of all stabilizing PID controllers derived in a previous paper, each tuning rule is analyzed to first determine if the proportional gain value dictated by that rule, lies inside the range of admissible proportional gains. Then, the integral and derivative gain values are examined to determine conditions under which the tuning rule exhibits robustness with respect to controller parameter perturbations.     

低阶时滞过程的伪预测PI／PID控制

基于单位反馈控制结构,根据期望的闭环传递函数设计得到了一种伪预测PI/PID(ADQPI/ADQPID)控制器。这种控制器只有一个可调参数,可调参数与系统动态响应性能和鲁棒稳定性之间存在直接关系,只需单调的调节控制器参数,便可实现系统的动态响应性能与鲁棒稳定性之间的最佳折衷。仿真实例表明,这种控制器在扰动和模型失配的情况下仍然具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性,是一种值得在实际工程中推广运用的新型控制器。     

Statistically optimized FOPID for output force control of SEAs

Fractional order PID (FOPID) controllers have recently found an increasing application in different fields of control. Comparing to traditional PID algorithms, FOPID controllers provide more flexibility and better performances. The simple and non-model-based structure of FOPID controllers has boosted their usage in real-world applications. However, due to having two more control parameters than regular PID controllers and the non-linear structure of FOPID controllers, the tuning procedure of these controllers is still a challenge. The authors of the present paper have recently proposed a Taguchi-based gain tuning algorithm for tuning of control parameters of FOPID controller. The present paper is an experimental evaluation of the proposed method. A custom made SEA, FUM-LSEA, is used as the test bed in this study. Deriving a dynamic model of the FUM-LSEA, feed-forward terms are added to the controller to compensate for disturbances from motions of the output block. Optimal gains and orders of the controller are obtained through a set of experiments suggested by the Taguchi method. The Taguchi optimized controller is also compared to a Ziegler–Nichols tuned controller. The experimental results indicate 45% improvements in force tracking error.     

Robust IMC–PID tuning for cascade control systems with gain and phase margin specifications

In this article, an internal model control plus proportional-integral-derivative (IMC–PID) tuning procedure for cascade control systems is proposed based on the gain and phase margin specifications of the inner and outer loop. The internal model control parameters are adjusted according to the desired frequency response of each loop with a minimum interaction between the inner and outer PID controllers, obtaining a fine tuning and the desired gain and phase margins specifications due to an appropriate selection of the PID controller gains and constants. Given the design specifications for the inner and outer loop, this tuning procedure adjusts the IMC parameter of each controller independently, with no interference between the inner and outer loop obtaining a robust method for cascade controllers with better performance than sequential tuning or other frequency domain-based methods. This technique is accurate and simple, providing a convenient technique for the PID tuning of cascade control systems in different applications such as mechanical, electrical or chemical systems. The proposed tuning method explained in this article provides a flexible tuning procedure in comparison with other tuning procedures because each loop is tuned simultaneously without modifying the robustness characteristics of the inner and outer loop. Several experiments are shown to compare and validate the effectiveness of the proposed tuning procedure over other sequential or cascade tuning methods; some experiments under different conditions are done to test the performance of the proposed tuning technique. For these reasons, a robustness analysis based on sensitivity is shown in this article to analyze the disturbance rejection properties and the relations of the IMC parameters.     

New optimal controller tuning method for an AVR system using a simplified Ant Colony Optimization with a new constrained Nelder–Mead algorithm

In this paper, an optimal gain tuning method for PID controllers is proposed using a novel combination of a simplified Ant Colony Optimization algorithm and Nelder–Mead method (ACO-NM) including a new procedure to constrain NM. To address Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller tuning for the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system, this paper presents a meta-analysis of the literature on PID parameter sets solving the AVR problem. The investigation confirms that the proposed ACO-NM obtains better or equivalent PID solutions and exhibits higher computational efficiency than previously published methods. The proposed ACO-NM application is extended to realistic conditions by considering robustness to AVR process parameters, control signal saturation and noisy measurements as well as tuning a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller (2DOF-PID). For this type of PID, a new objective function is also proposed to manage control signal constraints. Finally, real time control experiments confirm the performance of the proposed 2DOF-PIDs in quasi-real conditions. Furthermore, the efficiency of the algorithm is confirmed by comparing its results to other optimization algorithms and NM combinations using benchmark functions.     

Tuning of PID controllers based on simplified single parameter optimisation

A simple method to design PID controllers in the frequency domain based on a simplified constrained optimisation is proposed. The method is based on the use of a single tuning parameter, defined as the quotient between the final crossover frequency and the zero of the controller. The tuning procedure is based on the maximisation of the controller gain subject to an equality constraint in the phase margin and an inequality constraint in the gain margin. The main advantage of the proposed method is that, even though the maximisation of the controller gain is straightforward, since there is only one parameter to be tuned, the solution is close to the optimal tuning obtained with direct numerical optimisation methods. Moreover the method is applicable to any linear model structure, including dead time and non-minimum phase systems.     

基于DNA-GA-RBF的PID参数优化

PID控制器因为结构简单,容易实现,并且具有较强的鲁棒性,因而被广泛应用于各种工业过程控制中。控制器参数直接影响控制器的性能,因此控制器的设计主要体现在控制器参数的调整上。参数自整定技术的发展一方面减轻了控制工程师现场调试的工作量,节省了大量的时间,另一方面也使整定的结果更加理想。利用DNA遗传算法的全局搜索的功能特性,对整个RBF神经网络参数进行优化,将RBF网络不同的中心矢量和其对应的基宽向量及各个调节权重统一编码,使得整个网络模型达到全局最优。然后利用该混合算法对PID参数进行整定,仿真证明该算法能有效地实现PID参数最优整定,其性能优于常规的RBF算法,为解决PID控制器参数最优设计提供了一种有效的方法。     

New methodology for analytical and optimal design of fuzzy PIDcontrollers

Describes a methodology for the systematic design of fuzzy PID controllers based on theoretical fuzzy analysis and, genetic-based optimization. An important feature of the proposed controller is its simple structure. It uses a one-input fuzzy inference with three rules and at most six tuning parameters. A closed-form solution for the control action is defined in terms of the nonlinear tuning parameters. The nonlinear proportional gain is explicitly derived in the error domain. A conservative design strategy is proposed for realizing a guaranteed-PID-performance (GPP) fuzzy controller. This strategy suggests that a fuzzy PID controller should be able to produce a linear function from its nonlinearity tuning of the system. The proposed PID system is able to produce a close approximation of a linear function for approximating the GPP system. This GPP system, incorporated with a genetic solver for the optimization, will provide the performance no worse than the corresponding linear controller with respect to the specific performance criteria. Two indexes, linearity approximation index (LAI) and nonlinearity variation index (NVI), are suggested for evaluating the nonlinear design of fuzzy controllers. The proposed control system has been applied to several first-order, second-order, and fifth-order processes. Simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy PID controller produces superior control performance to the conventional PID controllers, particularly in handling nonlinearities due to time delay and saturation