挤出机缝口摸头流道系统的计算机辅助设计

本文概述了几种典型的挤出单一熔体的缝口模头的分配流道系统结构，并在流变学理论分析和 架型分配流道系统进行实际假设的基础上，采用特征地，对挤出单一熔体的衣架型缝口模头具有分配流道系统实现了计算机辅助设计，以生成最优化的衣架型缝口模头的分配流道系统。     

挤出机缝口模头流道系统的计算机辅助设计

本文概述了几种典型的挤出单一熔体的缝口模头的分配流道系统结构，并在流变学理论分析和对衣架型分配流道系统进行实际假设的基础上，采用特征数据法，对挤出单一熔体的衣架型缝口模头的分配流道（歧管）系统实现了计算机辅助设计，以生成最优化的衣架型缝口模头的分配流道系统。     

聚合物熔体在任意长径比圆锥口模的挤出胀大唯象研究

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥口模的挤出胀大现象及机理。对口模长径比较小的挤出胀大,由于熔体入口拉伸弹性变形来不及松弛,产生较大的挤出胀大;对长径比较大的口模,熔体在平直流道内停留时间较长,入口弹性形变逐渐松弛,这时主要是流动剪切应变引起的弹性变形,产生较弱的挤出胀大,比长径比小的挤出胀大来得小,并且聚合物熔体的挤出胀大随着长径比的增大而趋向一恒定值。结果还表明:聚合物熔体在圆锥口模的挤出胀大受到挤出口模入口角影响。当L/D较小时,挤出胀大与口模入口角有关;当L/D较大时,口模入口角对挤出胀大影响较小。     

衣架式口模设计灵敏度分析

在对衣架式口模体溶液机理分析的基础上,对衣架式口模中熔体的流动行为进行了合理的假设和间化,采用Hele-Shaw流动模型和幂率粘率模型,建立了衣架式口模内的非弹性,非牛顿熔体在等温条件下流动数学模型,将灵敏度分析理论与成型模拟结合运用于衣架式口模流道优化设计中,降低了衣回式口模的出口横向速率变化率。     

基于数值模拟的异型材口模优化设计

针对一种异型材挤出口模,对其流道进行参数化建模,利用数值模拟计算熔体在口模中的流场,以熔体在口模出口处的速度均匀性为优化目标,对口模压缩段入口截面形状和尺寸进行了优化设计.结果表明,经优化设计后的出口速度均匀性得到显著提高.这对复杂型材挤出模的设计具有重要意义.     

减轻聚合物熔体挤出整体畸变和熔体破裂的辩证对策

根据对熔体挤出整体畸变和熔体破裂机理的分析,设计一系列方法减轻和消除畸变。采用原位成纤复合法和纤维流动取向效应改善无规共聚聚丙烯(PP-R)熔体在口模入口区的流动稳定性,消除环向次级流动,减轻螺纹畸变。添加一定质量的炭黑或白炭黑,利用炭黑形成三维网络结构改善溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)的挤出畸变和熔体破裂行为。改变口模尺寸,适当增大口模长径比,有利于挤出过程稳定。     

超声振动对PS熔体流变及黏弹行为的影响

采用Bagley入口校正等理论计算方法与实验结果相结合，讨论了超声振动对PS熔体流变及黏弹行为的影响。在口模入口处施加超声振动，降低了聚合物熔体的非牛顿性，改变其黏弹行为，使其在毛细管口模中流动时弹性形变及储能减小，形变松弛加快，黏度降低，从而使挤出加工中流动阻力变小，挤出效率得到提高。     

LDPE熔体在圆锥型短口模挤出过程的粘弹行为研究

主要研究不同入口圆锥角短口模流道挤出流动过程中聚合物熔体的粘弹特性,以及在口模流动过程压力损失,入口弹性贮能和挤出胀大比之间的关系。对于不同的口模入口角,有不同的剪切速率与剪切应力的规律,流变曲线各自不同。同时,不同的圆锥入口角,表现出不同的Bagley校正因子对应不同的挤出胀大值,反映了聚合物熔体在不同圆锥入口角短口模挤出过程拉伸弹性形变特性的差异。聚合物熔体在不同入口圆锥角短口模挤出流动过程的压力降,依赖口模流道的几何形状(入口角、长径比)、温度、流动速率等,入口损失主要归因于拉伸形变的弹性贮能。     

聚合物熔体在异型材三维动态挤出口模内的停留时间分布

利用ANSYS软件对受口模入口处周期性振动的压力驱动的聚合物熔体在“Y”形和“L”形异型材挤出口模内的停留时间分布进行了数值模拟。设熔体流动为三维等温广义牛顿幂律流动，在求得速度场后，应用路线示踪法跟踪流场中任一粒子的流动轨迹，进而求得熔体在口模中的停留时间分布。通过改变振动参数再重复计算，总结出振动参数对停留时间分布的影响规律。结果表明：压力的振动能有效地缩短熔体在口模内的停留时间，振幅和频率越高则停留时间越短，而且在靠近口模流道壁面处停留时间的缩短最明显，表明振动的引入可以降低壁面附近的流动阻力，使截面上的流速更平稳，从而改善挤出制品的表观质量。     

管壁厚度对微挤出成型的影响分析

基于Bird-Carreau黏度模型,运用有限元方法对三维等温微管挤出成型流动模型进行了数值分析,主要研究了管壁厚度对微管挤出成型过程中挤出胀大、速度分布、剪切速率和口模压降等重要指标的影响。结果表明,当熔体入口体积流率相等时,随着管壁厚度的增大,挤出物挤出胀大率和横截面尺寸变化量增大;口模出口端面上熔体的二次流动增强,但挤出速度和剪切速率减小;熔体在口模内的压力降明显下降;适当增加管壁厚度,有利于提高微管挤出质量。     

可控制纤维取向的长玻纤增强塑料管材挤出机头

介绍笔者发明的两个关于长玻纤在线挤出增强管材机头的专利,描述了这两个机头的结构特点和工作原理,其特征为,机头可安装在现有通用的挤出机上,使用普通的聚合物粒料,在粒料塑化熔融后在线混入一定长度的玻纤,能使熔体分子和玻纤沿所挤出圆形管材的管壁螺旋取向。     

A personal computer software program for coathanger die simulation

A good extrusion die must distribute the polymer melt in the flow channel such that the material exits from the die with a uniform velocity and temperature. Coathanger dies are commonly used for the extrusion of plastic sheets and films. The die is usually provided with a straining bar allowing a regulation of the flowrate in the case of a poor design. But this, in turn, can affect temperature uniformity. Therefore, the design of coathanger die is a complex task which is mainly accomplished by trial and error in industry. Analyses of the flow in coathanger dies have been reported in the literature. Analytical and numerical approaches are used to solve this problem. The first one involves many simplifying assumptions: the most important ones being the unidirectional and isothermal flow of the polymer. Most numerical methods deal with a 2-D geometry, but only a few of them have considered the non-isothermal flow. A new model has been developed using a modified FAN method (Flow Analysis Network introduced by Tadmor) for the calculation of the 2-D flow, coupled with a finite-difference scheme for the calculation of temperature. The overall model can run on a PC with only a few minutes of calculation. Good agreement was obtained between experimental data and simulations.     

Design of extruder dies using thermoplastics melt properties data

The procedures developed in this paper enable the die designer to estimate the dimensions of the die at the exit and to define a flow channel within the body of the die appropriate to the required dimensions and output rate of the extruded product. Design procedures are given for predicting die swell (and hence die exit dimensions) from a knowledge of product dimensions, output rate and the basic shear, elasticity, and viscosity data. Within the body of the die the length and included angle of a convergent tapered section should be such that the critical tensile deformation rate is not exceeded. At the die entry the taper angle is related to the tensile and shear viscosities. Analytical expressions based on flow data are given for predicting pressure drops resulting from flow through circular and slot dies of constant cross-section and through conical and wedge-shaped dies. A numerical example shows how the theory may be applied to the design of a die for a thin-walled tube. For the resultant die design, the likely effects are predicted to changes in output rate and melt temperature for the chosen material, of changes in grade of the same type of polymer, and of changes in polymer type.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of extrudate swell of polymer melts from small (length)/(cross-section) ratio slit and capillary dies

An experimental and theoretical study is presented of extrudate swell from short capillary and slit dies. The polymer melts studied were polystyrene and polypropylene. The swell from slit dies is greater than the swell from capillaries. Decreasing die entry angle for capillary dies decreases swell. The argument is made that elongational How existing in the die entry region and for short dies determines extrudate swell. Dimensional analysis arguments are used to relate extrudate swell to a Weissenberg number based on elongational flow at the die entrance and the detailed die geometry. Correlations are developed. The theoretical study is based on unconstrained elastic recovery following elongational How through the die entrance region.     

Improved interfacial surface generator for the co‐extrusion of micro‐ and nanolayered polymers

Two dies for polymer co‐extrusion layer multiplication are evaluated experimentally and computationally in terms of pressure drop and layer uniformity. The first design is that of the original die, is compact, and has successfully been used to co‐extrude low elasticity polymers with closely matched rheological properties. The second die design, the one that is being modified, achieves a more balanced flow path with constant cross‐sectional area. Flow visualization experiments and computational simulations show matched performance between the dies when layering similar viscosity materials and better layering performance of rheologically dissimilar materials with the improved dies compared to the original die design. Furthermore, the improved die has a much lower pressure drop. This facilitates decreased energy consumption or the allowance of additional multiplier dies to be added resulting in an increased total number of layers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:636–645, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚合物挤出口模设计的数值研究进展

综述了国内外数值研究聚合物挤出口模设计的进展。在壁面无滑移条件下,早期数值模拟了聚乙烯、硬质聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、橡胶等聚合物口模挤出过程,优化设计了棒材、管材、板材和异型材的挤出口模。近年来,数值研究壁面滑移条件和工艺条件对口模流道内熔体流场的影响,深入研究制品的离模膨胀行为。研究表明,改善壁面条件有助于减小聚合物制品的离模膨胀比,有利于提高制品品质。     

A new design procedure for profile extrusion dies

A new design procedure for complex profile extrusion dies is presented. This method applies to multiple channel dies, i.e. dies provided with melt flow independent channels in the land. The approach is based on the resolution of the flow inverse problem, which consists of finding the channel topology (channel land lengths, approach angles in the transition region), which gives a balanced flow at the die orifice from the knowledge of the die contour. The methodology uses a blend of the network approach and the cross-section method. The procedure is used to design an industrial die that has been tested in a manufacturing environment, showing the performance of the proposed approach.     

衣架式口模设计计算的一种改进

采用表征值方法，根据等压线平行于模唇的流动模式，并考虑歧管斜率的影响，对衣架式口模圆形截面歧管系统的设计公式进行了改进，不但使口模结构设计与材料的性能与流率无关，而且修正了以前文献中对歧管斜率影响的忽略而造成的流率分配的误差，从而使流动均匀性指数提高到１，并对两种流动模式的等效性给予了证明     

圆环型材挤出模塑料熔体流量分析与结构设计

塑料熔体在挤出模中的流动状态分析是挤出模设计的基础。尽管塑料异型材的成型模具种类繁多、形状各异，但都可视为圆环和孔隙的组合。分析了模头流道结构和熔体在圆环型材挤出模中的流量，为环类型材挤出模设计提供了依据。