菱镁矿尾渣煅烧MgO膨胀剂在一维限制砂浆中的膨胀性能

为探讨菱镁矿尾渣在制备MgO膨胀剂(MEA)应用上的可能性,研究了辽宁海城菱镁矿尾渣煅烧MEA的活性及其在不同温度水养护砂浆试件中的一维限制膨胀率.结果表明,利用废弃菱镁矿尾渣经高温煅烧可制备出不同活性的混凝土用MEA,且煅烧温度越高,活性越低;不同养护温度下MEA表现出不同的膨胀性能,掺低活性MEA的砂浆试件的膨胀受养护温度的影响更为显著;相较于菱镁矿煅烧得到的MEA,由菱镁矿尾渣煅烧的MEA中有效方镁石成分较低,同掺量情况下膨胀性能较差,实际应用中可通过适当提高MEA掺量以保证对混凝土收缩的有效补偿.     

浅谈工业废渣的综合利用

我公司在使用铁矿尾渣前，是用铁矿石或铁粉作为铁质校正原料，由于铁矿石和铁粉的价格高且铁含量不稳定，硅含量相对较少，硅酸率较低，对窑煅烧熟料的产、质量都有一定的影响，而铁矿尾渣是我们附近铁矿石选矿厂的废弃尾矿，不仅占用了大量的土地资源，还污染了当地的环境。为了降低水泥成本，变废为宝，我们决定利用铁矿尾渣进行试验。     

钒渣作为水泥混合材的应用研究

低品位石煤提钒工艺产生大量钒渣尾渣,传统堆放处理方式不仅占用大量土地,且造成严重生态污染。实验在水泥配料中加入钒渣替代当前比例的粉煤灰、混渣生产32.5等级水泥。研究表明:掺加钒渣可延长水泥凝结时间,对水泥抗压强度影响较小,抗折强度有较小幅度下降,但均符合32.5等级水泥性能指标;钒渣作为水泥混合材可充分消纳废弃资源,减少环境污染;掺加钒渣每吨水泥可降低成本0.3元,工业化生产经济效益显著。因此,钒渣作为水泥混合材具有良好的技术经济效益。     

一次尾渣与钒泥提钒尾渣混合焙烧提钒研究

为实现一次尾渣中钒的高效、低耗回收,以一次尾渣为原料,添加钒泥提钒尾渣混合焙烧,研究了钒泥提钒尾渣加入量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对一次尾渣钠化焙烧钒转化率的影响。结果表明:用钒泥提钒尾渣代替碳酸钠,与一次尾渣混合焙烧,可提高钒的转化率,同时资源化利用了钒泥提钒尾渣,回收了尾渣中的钒。     

黄金冶炼尾渣综合利用研究进展

中国黄金冶炼企业每年会产生大量尾渣,尾渣中含金量在0.5 g/t以上,还有部分铜、铅、锌等有价元素。由于技术或经济效益等原因,大部分企业只能将尾渣堆存处理,中国黄金冶炼尾渣综合利用率较低。这样不仅造成资源浪费,还会对环境造成危害。通过对黄金冶炼废渣的综合利用现状进行分析,研究分析了现行的几种尾渣综合利用的方法,为冶炼废渣的利用提供重要参考,以期实现黄金冶炼尾渣变废为宝,清洁利用。     

氰化尾渣中有价元素回收现状与展望

氰化尾渣是我国的大宗危险固体废物。这种固体废物含有可回收的有价元素,如铜、铅、锌、金、银、硫、铁等。对氰化尾渣的综合利用既可以回收这些有价元素,实现矿石资源的最大化利用,又可以减少氰化尾渣中残存的药剂对环境的危害。本文从氰化尾渣的性质出发,总结了氰化尾渣的预处理方法,介绍了回收铜铅锌、硫铁、金银的研究现状,并指出现阶段存在的主要问题。针对研究现状和存在的问题,提出新工艺的开发、新药剂的研制、尾矿的再利用等发展方向。氰化尾渣的顺利解决将为社会带来一定经济效益和环境效益。     

铜矿尾渣理化特性及其资源化利用研究进展

铜矿开采和加工过程中会产生大量废渣，我国铜矿尾渣年产生量超过3亿t,铜矿尾渣堆积对矿山周围的空气、土壤、植物、水源以及人类健康造成了严重危害，因此对铜矿尾渣进行有效的处理处置具有重要的现实意义。详细介绍了铜矿尾渣的理化特性，综述了其在建筑材料、化工以及环保等领域的资源化利用现状，并对其资源化利用研究方向提出了若干建议。     

提钛尾渣处理钛白废水试验研究

为了拓展攀钢提钛尾渣的利用途径及降低钛白企业废水处理成本,进行了提钛尾渣处理钛白废水的试验研究。试验表明,处理钛白废水的提钛尾渣中氯质量分数应≤0.24%,即必须使用洗后提钛尾渣处理钛白废水。随着废水酸浓度的增加及洗后提钛尾渣配比的增加,提钛尾渣与废水中和后pH越来越低;洗后提钛尾渣可代替20%石灰石液体中和废水,中和后pH、滤液及中和渣的化学成分在正常范围内。     

提钒尾渣处理技术浅谈

提钒尾渣产量巨大,如果不妥善处置会造成严重的环境影响。近年来,处理提钒尾渣方面的研究从未间断。本文对提钒尾渣的综合利用方法进行探讨,包括提钒尾渣生产含钒生铁,利用电解法再次提取有效金属等。其中,重点研究电解法,分析其可行性、实施方法以及优缺点,并分析此方法的环境收益。综合考虑各方法,得出结论。     

含钒页岩提钒尾渣资源化利用研究进展

综述了含钒页岩提钒尾渣资源化利用的最新研究成果，重点介绍了提钒尾渣在建筑材料、制备功能材料和有价组分回收3个方面研究与运用情况，分析探讨了提钒尾渣在资源化利用中的优势与不足，并对页岩提钒尾渣资源化利用的发展现状、行业难点进行了总结与展望。     

Reuse of glass waste in the manufacture of ceramic tableware glazes

Today, various studies are carried out to spread the understanding of sustainability. The sustainability of production processes gains importance in corporate areas. In this study, the use of glass waste instead of frit used in glaze compositions in the ceramic industry was evaluated. The chemical and physical properties of glass wastes on samples were examined. The glaze formulations were prepared using 3%, 5%, and 8% by weight of glass waste instead of frit. Glass wastes were added to glaze compositions and 12 different glaze formulation studies were carried out. Transparent, Opaque, and Matte test glazes were prepared with glass waste added glaze formulations, and these glazes were applied to ceramic bodies. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis of standard glaze and glass waste added glazes was performed to determine the microstructural and morphological characterizations. Also, surface whiteness, brightness, L*a*b values, glaze flows, harcort test results, and final water absorption values were compared. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that it is appropriate to use 3% glass waste by weight instead of the frit in the production of ceramic tableware.     

高温炻器瓷粉釉的研制

研究了废瓷粉加入量、粘土的种类及用量对釉性能的影响，确定了最佳配方组成。生产出了釉面光亮、热稳定性好的资投釉炻器产品。     

STRONTIA AND ITS PROPERTIES IN GLAZES*

Strontia has proved to be a strong flux and a desirable glaze ingredient when it is used to replace PbO, ZnO, and CaO in a typical dinnerware glaze. By including it in the frit, the fluidity of the glaze was increased to a marked degree when it was substituted for ZnO and CaO and it also lowered the deformation temperature in the replacement of the latter oxide. Thermal-expansion tests indicate that strontia has practically the same effect as lime on glaze expansion. Glazes of excellent visual and physical properties were obtained in a series of low-lead and leadless compositions containing strontia.     

Coloring effect of iron oxide content on ceramic glazes and their comparison with the similar waste containing materials

The effects of adding iron oxide to ceramic glaze formulations were studied in this study. Iron oxide was added in different weight ratios into the reactive transparent glaze, reactive opaque glaze, and transparent glaze formulations. The iron oxide content in the glaze composition, the coloring mechanisms, the phase distributions, and surface properties at temperatures of 950–1000-1050-1200 °C in the oxidation firing medium were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the microstructural and morphological characterizations of the test glazes, X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) to determine the crystallographic properties and phases, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses to determine the elemental and chemical composition were performed. In addition to these, surface images were examined with Digital Microscope (DM) and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b, and water absorption values were compared. In addition, taking into account environmental factors, a comparison of ceramic glazes with the same amount of waste iron oxide was also performed for same purpose. As a result of the studies, it was observed that the addition of iron oxide and/or waste iron oxide did not have a negative effect, and coloring effects on the glaze layer were observed at different rates and firing temperatures.     

利用锦州劣质粘土研制釉面砖

笔者在对辽宁锦州2种劣质粘土原料性能进行分析研究的基础上，采用正交原理优化设计出釉面砖坯料配方．再配以高强乳浊釉对其深色坯体进行有效遮盖，经生产实际运行．产品性能指标均达到企业标准要求，为当地产原料的开发和利用提供了一定的研究基础。     

Evaluation of solid wastes in the manufacture of ceramic tableware glazes

The recovery and reuse of industrial wastes are of great importance to the environment. Today, a large amount of waste is produced due to marble production, and it is extremely important to bring such wastes to the ceramic industry, to solve the pollution problem and to provide cost-efficient ceramic production. In this study, marble waste was used for ceramic earthenware glaze and body formulations. Marble waste was used in two different formulations as glaze and body. Chemical analysis, morphological features, crystallographic information of different formulations were made with XRF, SEM and XRD, respectively. When the hardness test results of the ceramic body and glazed samples were examined, the hardness values of the marble waste added samples increased by 1.9% compared to the standard samples. According to the results obtained, it has been seen that using marble waste in the ceramic industry is very important for both economic and environmental reasons.     

Life cycle assessment of a ceramic glaze containing copper slags and its application on ceramic tile

Even though copper slags have many possible applications, their disposal is still practiced, creating long-term waste management problems. This led to the investigation of new products for residential applications, taking advantages of the interesting chemical properties of copper slag. This study aims to assess the environmental impact of the use of copper slag as secondary raw material in a ceramic glaze composition and to compare it with a traditional glaze. A manufacturing process was designed, through an industrial scale up operation from experimental laboratory data and the entire life cycle of the products was analyzed using the Life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Considering the production of a ceramic glaze containing copper slag, the most impacting process resulted the one related to frit production, due to the large amount of thermal energy necessary for the raw materials melting. The comparative LCA analysis carried out between the frit obtained from metallurgical slags and a traditional one, demonstrated that the innovative ceramic frit has a greater environmental advantage. The LCA analysis allowed to highlight the most impactful stages of an industrial process using copper slag as a secondary raw material for glaze production and to quantify the potential environmental advantages of this operation.     

常温远红外陶瓷粉和远红外日用陶瓷的研究

远红外日用陶瓷不仅对食物、饲料、水有活化作用，加速酒的发酵和成熟，而且对人体还具有保健功能。本研究采用液相法制备出纳米远红外陶瓷粉，把远红外陶瓷粉按适当比例掺入普通陶瓷釉浆中，制成常温下具有高效发射锭红外线功能的日用陶瓷产品。如瓷碗、盘、茶杯、酒具等。脸用XRD分析其物相和SEM观察其显微结构、结果表明，当远红外陶瓷粉在基釉中的添加量为10wt％时，可提高日用陶瓷釉面的光泽度和显微硬度，且釉面质量优良。经中国计量科学研究院测试，远红外陶瓷粉的法向全辐射发射率94％，远红外日用陶瓷的法向全辐射发射率达到83％以上。     

THE EFFECT OF HEAT-TREATMENT AND COMPOSITION OF SEMI-PORCELAIN BODIES ON CRAZING

Limits of Investigation.—The investigation was confined to practical semi-porcelain bodies and glazes, therefore, the results may be applicable only to this branch of the whitewares industry. Effect of Thickness of Glaze.—The thicker the glaze the greater the tendency to craze. The glaze on several pieces of dinner ware may appear to the eye to be of uniform thickness, but still have sufficient variation in thickness as to show difference in crazing behavior. It being impossible to obtain a uniform thickness of glaze by hand dipping there is a need for a mechanical dipper. An improved type of biscuit kiln which will produce ware with a uniform absorption is another need. Effect of Glaze Composition.—When sufficient change was made in the composition of a typical semi-porcelain glaze to cause a marked decrease in its crazing tendency, it was at the expense of other desirable properties. Effect of Body Composition.—The addition of 10.0% to 20.0% of “Hercules” clay to a general ware body greatly decreased its tendency to craze. No other change in body composition was found feasible, for when the change was sufficient to cause a decrease in the crazing it was at the sacrifice of other essential properties. Effect of Variation in Absorption.—Contrary to the general opinion among potters, the tendency to craze was not increased by every increase in absorption. An absorption of about 7.0% to 12.0% showed the most resistance to crazing. Effect of the Time-temperature of the Gloss Burn.—Tendency to craze is decreased by increasing the maturing time-temperature portion of the gloss burn.     

铁—锰系列无钴黑釉的研制

介绍了以景德镇当地的红粘土和页岩为主要原料,配以废干电池中的二氧化锰研制出廉价无钴黑釉的新思路和方法,通过一系列试验及对该釉性能的测试。证明了该釉具有较好的适应性和热稳定性。同时也指出了用该思路研制的黑釉具有良好的经济和环保意义。