硅灰石填充尼龙1010复合材料的制备与力学性能*

利用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性硅灰石,然后通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙(PA)1010/硅灰石复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、熔体流动速率(MFR)和力学性能测试及动态力学分析(DMA)等对复合材料进行了分析与表征。结果表明,硅灰石均匀分散在PA1010基体中;复合材料的MFR随硅灰石含量的增加而降低,但挤出和注射成型实验表明,当硅灰石质量分数≤70%时,复合材料仍具有良好的加工性能;硅灰石的加入显著提高了PA1010的拉伸性能和弯曲性能,当硅灰石质量分数为70%时,复合材料的拉伸弹性模量与拉伸强度比纯PA1010分别提高了256%与29%,弯曲弹性模量与弯曲强度则分别提高了367%与93%;复合材料的动态储能模量随硅灰石含量的增加而大幅提高,当硅灰石质量分数为70%时,在玻璃化转变温度下的动态储能模量提高了约376%。     

PLA增强改性PBS共混物制备及性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物,研究PLA含量对共混物的熔体流动速率(MFR)、拉伸性能、微观形貌以及结晶结构的影响。结果表明,由于PLA熔体的较高黏度,导致PBS/PLA共混物的MFR随着PLA含量增大而显著降低。适量PLA的加入可实现其对PBS的增强增韧,当PLA质量分数为30%时,共混物的拉伸屈服强度、拉伸弹性模量以及断裂伸长率分别由纯PBS的32.0,473.1 MPa和282.5%增大至34.4,610.8 MPa和455.2%,拉伸性能最优。而当PLA质量分数增大至40%时,共混物中出现严重的PLA相合并,导致其断裂伸长率剧烈降低至11.3%。此外,结晶测试结果表明,共混物中PBS基体为半结晶结构,而PLA分散相为非晶态结构,PLA的加入会导致PBS结晶度降低。     

不同接枝率的增容剂对PA66/PP共混物结构与性能的影响

用熔融接枝的方法以苯乙烯(St)作共单体将马来酸酐(MAH)接枝于乙丙共聚物VERSIFY(V)上,制得不同MAH相对接枝率的接枝物V-g-(MAH-co-St),用双螺杆挤出机制备了V-g-(MAH-co-St)增容的尼龙(PA)66/聚丙烯(PP)共混物。利用扫描电子显微镜、熔体流动速率(MFR)和力学性能等测试方法,研究了不同MAH相对接枝率的增容剂V-g-(MAH-co-St)对PA66/PP共混物形态结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,提高St的含量可以得到高MAH相对接枝率的V-g-(MAH-co-St),当MAH/St质量比从2/1变为1/1时,接枝率显著提高,继续提高St含量,接枝率提高幅度减小。V-g-(MAH-co-St)可使共混物中PP分散相的尺寸减小、分散均匀。当增容剂质量分数从0%增加到10%时,共混物的力学性能在总体上得到提高,MFR迅速降低;增容剂中MAH相对接枝率越高,共混物的弯曲强度越高,MFR越低,而缺口冲击强度相差不大。当增容剂质量分数从10%增加到25%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度大幅提高,且MAH相对接枝率越高,其提高的幅度越大,但拉伸强度和弯曲强度均明显下降,MFR下降幅度变小。     

茂金属聚乙烯与通用聚乙烯共混物熔体的流变行为研究

用茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)与通用聚乙烯(LDPE、LLDPE)进行共混,测定了共混物的熔体质量流动速率(MFR);研究了共混物熔体的熔体强度和剪切敏感性.结果发现:当质量分数超过20%的mLLDPE与高熔体质量流动速率(MFR)的通用聚乙烯共混时,或者质量分数小于40%的mLLDPE与低MFR的通用聚乙烯共混时,共混物熔体的流动性会小于单一共混组分,除了在与一种LDPE共混时mLLDPE加入质量分数为10%的一种共混物外,其他共混物的熔体强度都超过单个共混组分.mLLDPE/LLDPE共混物熔体的剪切敏感性高于LLDPE.     

PC/改性ABS复合材料的制备与性能

在传统的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)乳液接枝聚合中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),制得了改性ABS,然后与聚碳酸酯(PC)共混挤出，制得了PC/改性ABS复合材料。研究了MMA用量对PC/改性ABS复合材料的熔体流动速率(MFR)、维卡软化温度、力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着MMA用量的增加，PC/改性ABS复合材料的MFR、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度均先升高后降低。当MMA质量分数为20%时，PC/改性ABS复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达到最大，分别为48.9 MPa和63.2 MPa;当MMA质量分数为30%时，PC/改性ABS复合材料的缺口冲击强度为41.0 kJ/m²;当MMA质量分数不高于30%时，与PC/ABS复合材料相比，PC/改性ABS复合材料的维卡软化温度更高。     

聚丙烯/有机硅热塑性弹性体共混物的性能及微观结构

通过双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)/有机硅热塑性弹性体(Si-TPE)共混物。研究了SiTPE用量对共混物力学性能、结晶性能和熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响,并通过红外光谱、SEM表征了共混物结构。结果表明,随着Si-TPE用量的加大,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、冲击强度和结晶温度均先升高后降低,MFR增大但不明显;Si-TPE质量分数为5%时,Si-TPE在PP基体中以孤立的橡胶粒子形式存在,粒径为50~500 nm。Si-TPE的最佳用量为2.5%(质量分数),此时,共混物的拉伸强度高达36.6 MPa,拉断伸长率为314%,冲击强度为6.1 k J/m2,MFR为1.6 g/10min。     

ACR对PC和PC/ABS合金的增韧研究

以丙烯酸酯类树脂(ACR)FM50和D320作为增韧剂对聚碳酸酯(PC)和PC/丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)(60/40,质量比)合金进行增韧。研究了ACR对PC和PC/ABS合金力学性能和熔体流动性的影响。结果表明,随ACR质量分数的增加,PC/ACR共混物的冲击强度增加,熔体质量流动速率先增大后减小,PC/ABS/ACR共混物的冲击强度先增加后降低,熔体质量流动速率减小,ACRFM50对PC和PC/ABS合金的增韧效果优于ACRD320,共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随ACR用量的增加而下降。     

PP/PP-g-MAH/GS–EDA纳米复合材料的制备及性能

采用聚丙烯(PP)接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为增容剂,通过母料–熔融共混法制备了乙二胺(EDA)共价功能化改性石墨烯片(GS)(GS–EDA)掺杂的PP纳米复合材料。傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜、力学性能和熔体流动速率(MFR)测试表明,EDA已成功接枝于氧化石墨烯的表面;共混过程中,PP-g-MAH的酐基与EDA的氨基发生反应改善了共混体系的界面相容性;GS–EDA在母料–熔融共混过程中均匀分散于基体中;随着GS–EDA含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度先增大后降低,当GS–EDA质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值,比PP/PP-g-MAH提高了18.9%,比纯PP提高了13.4%;随着GS–EDA含量的增加,复合材料的MFR先增大后降低,在GS–EDA质量分数为0.5%时达到最大值。     

聚苯乙烯改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的制备和表征

在聚苯乙烯(PS)的黏流温度以下制备了聚丙撑碳酸酯(PPC)和PS的共混物,研究了配比对PPC/PS共混物的热降解、形貌、力学性能和水蒸气阻隔性的影响。结果表明,共混物的黏度随PS含量增加而增大。PS促进了PPC的热降解。PS质量分数为50%～70%时,共混物为共连续结构。其他配比下,共混物呈海岛分相,分散相呈片层状。随PS含量的提高,共混物的弹性模量、拉伸强度和洛氏硬度提高,断裂伸长率降低。38℃下,共混物的水蒸气渗透率随PS含量的增加而降低,而在20℃下,变化趋势相反。当PS质量分数为50%时,共混物的水蒸气渗透率在20～38℃内不随温度改变。     

氢化丁苯橡胶/聚丙烯共混物的耐辐射性能

用自制加氢度为97%的氢化丁苯橡胶(HSBR)通过双螺杆挤出机制备了HSBR/聚丙烯(PP)共混物,考察了HSBR质量分数对共混物力学性能及其在放射量为50 kGy的放射源钴-60下耐辐射性能的影响.结果表明,HSBR对PP具有良好的增韧效果,随着HSBR质量分数的增加,HSBR/PP共混物的冲击强度逐渐增大,拉伸屈服应力和弹性模量的下降幅度较大,拉伸强度的下降幅度较小;HSBR/PP共混物经辐射老化后.当HSBR质量分数为20%时,其冲击强度保持率达到最高值(约90%);当HSBR质量分数大于15%时,其拉伸强度及弹性模量均比辐射老化前略有增加,且拉伸强度不随HSBR质量分数的变化而改变;HSBR与PP具有良好的相容性,HSBR均匀地分散在PP连续相中.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。