垃圾填埋场厌氧产气动力学模型的研究

在实验室垃圾厌氧降解实验研究的基础上,进行了降解过程的厌氧菌产气动力学分析和厌氧反应器动力学分析,通过数理分析得出了生活垃圾厌氧产气动力学模型。     

垃圾填埋场厌氧产气动力学模型的研究

在实验室垃圾厌氧降解实验研究的基础上,进行了降解过程的厌氧菌产气动力学分析和厌氧反应器动力学分析,通过数理分析得出了生活垃圾厌氧产气动力学模型.     

城市垃圾填埋场填埋气产气量及产气速率的研究

城市生活垃圾填埋场填埋气产气量及产气速率直接和填埋场的设计、管理及环境影响评价相关，本文重点研究分析Buswell-Mueller化学计量法和化学需氧量法估算填埋场产气量，并进而通过Scholl-Canyon模型对产气速率进行研究，给出城市垃圾填埋场历年填埋气产气量预测计算的具体方法。     

垃圾填埋场中有机污染物的生物降解

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物对污染物的吸收与生物化学作用，有机污染物的生物降解的基本原理及其影响因素，介绍了垃圾生物降解的四种基本动力学方程，提出了要重视我国在填埋场有机物降解机理方面的研究。     

垃圾填埋体沉降计算方法

通过对国内外垃圾土沉降研究方法进行分析，讨论了垃圾填埋场的沉降计算方法和数学模型，认为垃圾土在填埋期的压缩变形可用土力学现有的分层总和法进行计算，而长期运行垃圾体的沉降受垃圾土的次压缩特性和有机物降解的共同影响；深圳下坪固体废弃物填埋场垃圾体的沉降量与计算结果表明，有机物降解是垃圾体沉降的主要因素。     

垃圾土变形特性及防渗膜受力的试验研究

垃圾填埋场中垃圾土的降解是垃圾填埋场沉降的主要原因，而垃圾填埋场的沉降对HPDE衬垫膜的受力和工作状态有显著的影响，HPDE衬垫膜的设计需要考虑垃圾填埋场沉降的作用，文章通过垃圾土中有机物的降解试验和垃圾土柱沉降试验，推求了考虑垃圾土压缩和降解的变形计算方法，进行了垃圾填埋场的离心模型试验，探讨了垃圾填埋场中垃圾体的变形分布规律和衬垫膜的受力特征，对衬垫膜的设计计算方法进行了研究。     

垃圾填埋场中有机污染物的生物降解

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物对污染物的吸收与生物化学作用,有机污染物的生物降解的基本原理及其影响因素,介绍了垃圾生物降解的四种基本动力学方程,提出了要重视我国在填埋场有机物降解机理方面的研究.     

垃圾填埋场中有机污染物的生物降解

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物对污染物的吸收与生物化学作用,有机污染物的生物降解的基本原理及其影响因素,介绍了垃圾生物降解的四种基本动力学方程,提出了要重视我国在填埋场有机物降解机理方面的研究。     

水葫芦加动物排泄物两相厌氧生物处置工艺

水葫芦加动物排泄物两相厌氧生物处置，每１ｋｇ鲜水葫芦平均产气量为３３０Ｌ，为水葫芦直接两相厌氧处理的３．４倍左右。气体中甲烷含量为７４％左右，系统出水ＣＯＤ在１５０～２３５ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，ＳＳ在４０ｍｇ／Ｌ左右。在系统稳定运行过程中，产酸相处于乙酸化状态。该工艺启动期短，有效地克服了现有沼气发酵池运行过程中所存的浮泥、污泥结块等现象，提高了有机物的厌氧产气率和工艺运行的稳定性，具有较大的实用价值     

垃圾土变形特性及防渗膜受力的试验研究

垃圾填埋场中垃圾土的降解是垃圾填埋场沉降的主要原因,而垃圾填埋场的沉降对HPDE衬垫膜的受力和工作状态有显著的影响,HPDE衬垫膜的设计需要考虑垃圾填埋场沉降的作用,文章通过垃圾土中有机物的降解试验和垃圾土柱沉降试验,推求了考虑垃圾土压缩和降解的变形计算方法,进行了垃圾填埋场的离心模型试验,探讨了垃圾填埋场中垃圾体的变形分布规律和衬垫膜的受力特征,对衬垫膜的设计计算方法进行了研究。     

城市污泥处理处置技术研究

通过对几种污泥处理处置技术的经济效益等作比较,并结合我国国情指出:污泥卫生填埋技术以其投资较少、容量大、见效快等优点应作为当前我国污泥处理处置的首选;而经济、高效的污泥改性剂的研发也为污泥卫生填埋技术的使用和推广奠定了基础、提供了条件;并进一步指出:由于污泥卫生填埋场常有大量填埋气产生,为避免安全事故的发生,在兼顾环境和经济效益条件下,对污泥填埋气收集系统进行优化设计应作为今后污泥卫生填埋研究的一个重要研究课题。     

Landfill Settlement with Decomposition and Gas Generation

A one-dimensional multiphase numerical model is developed to simulate the vertical settlement involving liquid and gas flows in a deformable (settling) municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. MSW is represented by a chemical composition, and a global stoichiometric reaction is used to estimate the maximum yield of gas generation. Following the general assumption accepted in the literature, the gas generated by waste decomposition is assumed to comprise of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The gas generation rate follows an exponentially decaying function of time. The gas generation model developed based on a first-order kinetic single-bioreactor approach includes the governing equations of gas migration, liquid flow, and landfill deformation. The Galerkin finite element method is used to solve the resulting equations. The model developed can be used to estimate the transient and ultimate settlements due to waste decomposition and gas generation in MSW landfills. The proposed model can estimate the waste porosity, gas pressure, liquid pressure, gas saturation, liquid saturation, and stress distributions in settling landfills. The results obtained for a deformable landfill are compared with a landfill having a rigid solid skeleton. Due to settlement, the depth of waste is 27% smaller in deformable landfills than that of the rigid ones.     

Dynamic Simulation of Landfill Waste Stabilization

A system dynamics model is developed and tested to determine the significant processes and appropriate level of detail required to capture dynamic behavior important in managing biodegradation in landfills. Uniform, spherical, solid waste particles are assumed to hydrolyze from the outer surface to produce simple sugars; fermentation, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis produce methane and carbon dioxide as end products. Representative reactions, sufficient to carry all hydrolyzed small chain carbon molecules to stabilization, are used for stoichiometric relationships. Microbial populations consume their respective substrates according to classical Monod kinetics. Results of simulation experiments suggest that hydrogen inhibition of fermentation and acetogenesis is critical to the empirically observed time course of landfill gas generation. In addition, an uninhibited anaerobic pathway producing CO2 without the production of H2 is required to produce the large CO2 peak often seen early in the stabilization process. Further simulation experiments suggest appropriate model refinement that allows efficient exploration of management strategies to enhance landfill stabilization. For example, forced ventilation during any phase of degradation can be shown to decrease efficiency or inhibit overall degradation.     

Gas-Phase Mass Transfer Processes in Landfill Microbiology

This report assesses gas-phase mass transfer processes in landfills with respect to their influence on waste biodegradation. Gas-phase transport must dominate in many regions of the waste because aqueous-phase transport is restricted, the environment is largely unsaturated, and substantial quantities of gas are produced. Analysis of landfill gas and landfill gas condensate at four municipal solid waste landfills in the eastern United States demonstrated that both volatile fatty acids and microorganisms are transported in the gas phase. The heterogeneity, mass transfer limitations, and significant thermal gradients in waste environments imply that gas-phase processes can play crucial roles in waste decomposition, for example by regulating local pH and distributing trace nutrients. A conceptual framework describing these processes is presented. Implications for waste management, landfill design, energy production, air emissions, and anaerobic microbiology are discussed.     

垃圾填埋场沼气发电市场前景浅析

介绍了垃圾填埋场气体（LFG）的性质、危害,以及LFG发电工程在国内外的运营及在建情况,并着重从环境效益、国家政策、国内市场、CDM等方面分析了LFG发电技术的市场前景。     

Modeling of Settlement in Saturated and Unsaturated Municipal Landfills

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are not only used to dispose the refuse in most economical way but also utilized as a viable land in today’s waste management strategy. Settlement prediction is an important issue in order to guarantee the integrity of any postclosure structure on landfills. In this study, landfill settlement in saturated and unsaturated landfills is investigated by developing a one-dimensional mathematical model and performing numerical experiments. Under the saturated conditions, the landfill is considered to be completely liquid saturated by preventing gas generation at all times. On the other hand, for the unsaturated case, we assume that a gas mixture comprised of methane and carbon dioxide is generated as a result of microbial decomposition of MSW deposited. The gas generation is assumed to follow a first-order kinetic approach. The liquid phase and gas mixture are considered compressible as well as the solid matrix (landfill body). After the governing equations were discretized using the Galerkin finite-element method, the Gaussian elimination technique is employed for a solution. In saturated landfills, the settlement is mainly caused by the overburden weight of the waste deposited. Further, the mass loss due to waste decomposition contributes for an additional settlement in unsaturated landfills. The predicted settlements are within the range reported in the literature. The model developed can simulate porosity, pressures, saturations, and stress profiles in settling landfills as well as to predict the transient and ultimate settlements in saturated and unsaturated landfills.     

Stochastic Model for Landfill Gas Transport and Energy Recovery

Predicting the amount of landfill gas (LFG) that will be recovered at a sanitary landfill is generally associated with a high level of uncertainty, which is primarily due to the uncertainty in the definition of the parameters that control the LFG generation rate and LFG transport. To quantify these uncertainties, a three-dimensional stochastic model for the generation and transport of LFG is proposed. Using Monte Carlo simulations, multiple realizations of key input parameters are generated. For each realization, LFG transport is simulated and then used to evaluate probabilistically the rates and efficiency of energy recovery. For demonstration, the stochastic model is applied to the Kemerburgaz landfill in Istanbul, Turkey. Uncertainty in the definition of three key parameters, namely: the LFG production rate, the waste gas permeability and the soil cover gas permeability were accounted for. Modeling results suggest that the collection system is sufficient to capture most of the generated gas, but that uncertainty in the factors controlling LFG production is the main source of uncertainty in the amount of energy that will be recovered.     

Operation and Performance of Horizontal Wells for Leachate Control in a Waste Landfill

This paper presents data on gas and leachate flow rates and leachate levels obtained during a 600?day pumping trial on three retrofitted horizontal wells in a domestic waste landfill at Rainham, United Kingdom. The changes in gas and leachate flow rate with time and atmospheric pressure, and the interaction between the two flows, are discussed. The spatial variability of the response of the leachate levels within the landfill is explored with reference to the anisotropy and heterogeneity of the permeability of the waste. It is shown that horizontal wells can be an effective means of controlling leachate heads near the base of a landfill, and that leachate levels must be measured using piezometers with a discrete response zone rather than fully screened observation wells if meaningful results are to be obtained. It is argued that the large amounts of gas pumped from the nominally saturated zone of the landfill must have come from the ongoing degradation of the waste within the zone of influence of the well.     

罗河简易生活垃圾填埋场封场设计

罗河简易生活垃圾填埋场封场设计,分别对封场总体方案设计中终场覆盖、垃圾防护主坝、排洪设施、填埋气导排及处理系统的结构选择进行了探讨,并结合具体情况进行了优化设计,最大限度地减少垃圾填埋场对周围环境的影响,节省投资。