BIM在管线综合中的运用

BIM技术的特点对提高管线综合工作的效率及正确性非常有利.BIM软件在全面碰撞检查、解决楼层净高瓶颈、三维审图等方面表现出色,能够有效减少图纸中的"错漏碰缺",保证工期,提高效率.常见的BIM软件比如Revit在本地化、易用性方面稍有不足.易建软件在这方面做了有力的补充,不仅提高了翻模的效率,还紧密结合设计流程、提供了...     

影响防水工程施工质量的因素分析

影响防水工程施工质量因素有多方面,本文对防水工程施工质量防水材料方面、设计方面、施工方面、管理方面的因素进行了全面细致的分析.     

世界银行贷款项目评估体系研究

世界银行作为一个国际开发援助机构,提供的贷款条件相当优惠。但是在国内却有"世界银行的钱不好用"的说法。之所以说起不好用,很大程度上是指世界银行对贷款项目有非常严格评估程序与体系.作者有鉴于此,通过介绍世界银行贷款的项目评估系统,从技术方面、机构方面、经济方面、财务方面、环境方面和社会方面等展开论述。     

对框架结构填充墙裂缝产生原理及控制方法的研究

分析了框架结构填充墙裂缝产生机理,从设计和施工方面、墙体材料方面、环境方面有针对性地提出防治措施,对框架结构填充墙裂缝进行有效控制.     

混凝土施工质量问题产生的原因和防治措施初探

混凝土是用量最大,用途最广的一种建筑材料.因此,在混凝土工程施工中,如何控制混凝土质量问题的发生,对保证工程质量有着重要意义.混凝土质量的好坏,对结构物的安全、造价有很大影响.所以,必须对混凝土施工质量问题有系统的防治措施.该文就从混凝土施工质量问题产生的原因和防治方面进行探讨.     

水泥28天抗压强度检验结果的误差分析

1引言 　　水泥抗压强度检验值是评判水泥强度等级的主要指标,其误差的大小,直接影响到对水泥质量的判定.我们知道,影响水泥强度检验误差的因素很多,有人员方面的、有仪器设备方面的、也有环境条件方面的.如何分析和判断这些因素对检验结果造成的影响,是本文要探讨的问题.本文力图运用方差理论对水泥强度检验中的误差进行分析,以便及早发现影响强度检验值的因素,及时地对影响强度检验值的主要因素进行控制. 　　……     

洒水泵常见故障在专用洒水车中的检修和维护保养分析

洒水车在城市道路清洁、防尘、降尘、浇水等方面有重要的应用,由于洒水泵在洒水车中属于重要的部件,也是故障的常发部位,因此,通过对洒水泵的常见故障的分析与探讨,对洒水车的检修和维护保养都有重要的意义.     

现浇楼板板底大面积裂缝的防治与处理

现浇楼板板底出现大面积裂缝的原因比较复杂,有设计、施工、使用等因素,也有材料、温度变化等方面的问题;其中尤以楼面跨中出现纵横向裂缝及沿板内预埋管线处出现的裂缝较为常见.结合工程实例,从设计、施工等多个方面对裂缝的成因进行了分析,在介绍防治措施的同时阐述了处理方法.     

浅谈提高市政道路沥青路面质量的措施

市政道路沥青路面的质量与其设计、材料、施工及检验等方面有直接关系.本文针对以上几个方面的参数,性质、工艺方法、仪器设备进行应用研究,对提高市政道路沥青路面的质量提出相关措施.     

超高层建筑中酒店设计的四个关键因素探索——以广晟万博城为例

新城核心区不乏超高层地标建筑,超高层建筑有不少顶级酒店.超高层建筑中的酒店对高端品质有较高的要求,通常需要多方共同努力,尤其是建筑师的品控设计.建筑师在前期设计中就必须对酒店在超塔的落位、大堂的设计、特色空间的创造、垂直交通的组织等方面做充分的研究和准备,才能保证顶级酒店设计工作的全面、顺利展开.     

上海市体育建筑场地布局策略研究

体育建筑的场地布局包括场地功能分区、建筑实体布局、交通安排及绿地配置等,作为对场地整体形态的统筹,在场地设计中起着关键作用。通过实地调研,该文分析了上海市体育建筑场地布局现状,归纳其主要影响因素,明确场地布局原则;进而借鉴国内外优秀案例的先进理念,探讨适宜上海市体育建筑的场地布局策略。上海市近年来大力兴建体育建筑,对场地布局策略进行深入研究,具有较强的现实性。该研究期望对体育建筑场地布局有一定的理论参考价值和实践指导意义。     

中美设计规范中场地分类和场地效应的比较

主要研究中美抗震设计中的场地分类和考虑场地效应的差异问题。首先,比较分析了一般场地、20 m深度范围内含软弱夹层场地、20 m深度以下含软弱土层场地的分类结果,发现FEMA450的场地分类对20m深度范围内软弱夹层厚度的反映比GB50011—2001更敏感,对20 m深度以下软弱土层厚度的考虑比GB50011—2001更细致。然后进行了不同场地、不同地震动水平下的反应谱比较,结果表明,FEMA450更合理地考虑了不同地震动特性下的场地效应。     

场地放大系数的理论解答

场地系数是各个国家和地区规范中考虑地震动场地效应的关键指标,决定着各类工程结构设防水准,但国内外规范就此存在显著差别。采用土层–基岩理想场地模型,导出了土层场地与参考基岩场地地震动响应定量关系解析表达。提出了场地放大系数一般规律,并通过数值模拟验证了其可靠性,在此基础上对国内外规范场地系数的合理性进行检验。结果表明:土层场地地震动响应与参考基岩场地相比,在全频域空间恒定表现为放大,场地放大系数随场地变软整体表现出增大趋势,这与美国新规范场地系数取值和规律一致;中国规范中软场地系数取值严重偏于保守,强烈地震动作用下软场地系数小于1的现象不合理,中国规范Ⅳ类场地系数普遍小于Ⅲ类的取值方案有待商榷。     

Optimisation of site layout planning for multiple construction stages with safety considerations and requirements

This paper develops a mathematical formulation to model and optimise site facility locations inside a construction site for a construction project's different stages. The existence and dimensions of a construction project's available locations and site facilities can be varied across the construction stages. Without proper planning, unnecessary facility relocations may be required in each construction stage, resulting in a higher construction cost and longer construction time due to the need to dismantle and set up site facilities. Site layout plans should be optimised using a multiple-stage model to avoid unnecessary changes to facility settings across construction stages, improving efficiency. The proposed site layout problem with multiple construction stages is formulated as a binary-mixed-integer-linear programme, which can be solved by a standard branch-and-bound algorithm using the commercial software package LINGO. The mathematical objective function established in the solution process aims to minimise the total cost, which consists of the material transportation cost between the relevant site facilities and the dismantling, setup and relocation costs for all of the involved site facilities in each construction stage. Numerical examples using the proposed mathematical model to optimise different site layout settings for a construction site are given, including (1) a reference site layout plan using the conventional static single-stage approach, (2) a multiple-stage construction site layout plan and (3) a multiple-stage site layout plan with additional safety design considerations.     

Selecting optimal monitoring site locations for peak ambient particulate material concentrations using the MM5-CAMx4 numerical modelling system

Installation of temporary or long term monitoring sites is expensive, so it is important to rationally identify potential locations that will achieve the requirements of regional air quality management strategies. A simple, but effective, numerical approach to selecting ambient particulate matter (PM) monitoring site locations has therefore been developed using the MM5-CAMx4 air pollution dispersion modelling system. A new method, ‘site efficiency,’ was developed to assess the ability of any monitoring site to provide peak ambient air pollution concentrations that are representative of the urban area. ‘Site efficiency’ varies from 0 to 100%, with the latter representing the most representative site location for monitoring peak PM concentrations. Four heavy pollution episodes in Christchurch (New Zealand) during winter 2005, representing 4 different aerosol dispersion patterns, were used to develop and test this site assessment technique. Evaluation of the efficiency of monitoring sites was undertaken for night and morning aerosol peaks for 4 different particulate material (PM) spatial patterns. The results demonstrate that the existing long term monitoring site at Coles Place is quite well located, with a site efficiency value of 57.8%. A temporary ambient PM monitoring site (operating during winter 2006) showed a lower ability to capture night and morning peak aerosol concentrations. Evaluation of multiple site locations used during an extensive field campaign in Christchurch (New Zealand) in 2000 indicated that the maximum efficiency achieved by any site in the city would be 60-65%, while the efficiency of a virtual background site is calculated to be about 7%. This method of assessing the appropriateness of any potential monitoring site can be used to optimize monitoring site locations for any air pollution measurement programme.     

我国遗址景观规划的发展历程、现状及趋势研究*

遗址景观作为人们探究历史的物质载体，是遗址保护的重要组成部分，根据不同时期遗址景观规划的不同特点，可以将遗址景观规划的发展历程分为以遗址本体保护为主、开始重视遗址环境、突出人文影响因素三个阶段，在梳理遗址景观规划的发展历程的基础上，分析了目前遗址景观有分类保护法、分区规划法、景观叙事法等主要规划方法以及保护形式多元化、实践先于理论、价值观发生转变的遗址景观规划现状特点，最后总结了这些规划方法的特点及发展的趋势。     

Effect of industrial pollution on soil-to-plant transfer of plutonium in a Boreal forest.

Plutonium in a forest ecosystem was studied at different distances from the copper and nickel smelter at Monchegorsk, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Soil and plant samples were collected 7 (site A), 16 (B), 21 (C) and 28 (D) km from the smelter and at a reference site situated in Finland, 152 km from Monchegorsk. The deposition of Cu in litter and in the organic layer decreased from 10700 mg/m2 at site A to 33 mg/m2 at the reference site, the deposition of Ni from 14300 to 29 mg/m2. From the reference site to site A, the volume of the litter layer increased almost five-fold. Most of the 239,241Pu in soil was found in the organic layer and in the litter layer. When industrial pollution increased, the content of 239,240Pu in the litter layer increased (from approx. 0.5 at site D to 15 Bq/m2 at site A) whereas, that in the organic layer decreased (from approx. 20 at site D to 5 Bq/m2 at site A). Four different plant species typical for the subarctic environment were collected at each sampling site: Deschampsia flexuosa (forest hair grass); Empetrum nigrum (crowberry); Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry); and Vaccinium citis idaea (lingonberry). The concentration of 239,241Pu increased with pollution in Deschampsia flexuosa (from approx. 2 at site D to 7 mBq/kg at site A), Empetrum nigrum (from approx. 3 at site D to 14 mBq/kg at site A) and Vaccinium myrtillus (from approx. 1 at site D to 8 mBq/kg at site A). In Vaccinium vitis idaea, the Pu concentration did not have any clear trend of association with pollution. With the exception of Vaccinium vitis idaea, the aggregated transfer factors of plutonium (m2/kg) for the plants studied increased almost ten-fold from site D to site A, the range being 3 x 10(-5)-3 x 10(-4) m2/kg for Deschampsia flexuosa, 7 x 10(-5)-5 x 10(-4) m2/kg for Empetrum nigrum and 3 x 10(-5)-3 x 10(-4) m2/kg for Vaccinium myrtillus. The most likely explanation for the higher transfer factors of plutonium near the smelter is contamination of the plants by litter rather than root uptake.     

基于 DEMATEL-ISM 的甘肃省智慧工地建设制约因素及发展路径研究

随着我国信息化、工业化的发展,智慧工地受到越来越多的关注。为提高甘肃省智慧工地建设水平,基于建筑企业的视角,从施工现场管理5 个关键要素和维度梳理了甘肃省智慧工地建设制约因素,识别出制约甘肃省智慧工地发展的主要因素。应用DEMATEL 和ISM 方法构建模型,通过模型厘清智慧工地建设各制约因素间的层级关系,并确定出关键制约因素,提出了提升甘肃省智慧工地建设水平的应对措施及发展路径,为推动甘肃省智慧工地的发展提供一定的理论指导和参考。     

如何正确理解和做好旁站监理

从旁站监理的产生出发,说明了旁站监理在施工质量监督管理中的重要性,重点对如何做好旁站监理工作进行了探讨分析,并总结实践经验,以更好地完成旁站监理工作,实现建设目标。     

Site Visit Application in Construction Education: A Descriptive Study of Faculty Members

Construction site visits are interactive experiences that enhance students’ understanding of real construction practices. Site visits create an interactive learning environment for students and provide exposure to a real-world spatiotemporal experience of a construction project. This article explores construction site visit application as an educational component in construction curriculum. An online survey was conducted to assess the current status of site visit application in construction education, benefits and barriers of their implementation, and the role of virtual site visits as alternative experiences to real site visits. This study focused on university faculty members in construction programs across the United States. The results of the study show that faculty members predominantly reported to have had zero or one to two site visits for each construction core subject areas taught throughout their careers. Furthermore, respondents indicated that the benefits of observing and interacting with the environment and the professionals present in a construction site are exceptionally important for the students. The respondents also remarked that the spatiotemporal challenges of construction projects are the most significant barriers for site visits. Finally, the study also revealed that a low percentage of the faculty have had educational experiences with virtual site visits.