TiC薄膜对轴承钢表面滚动接触疲劳寿命和力学性能的影响

利用等离子体浸没离子注入与沉积（PIII＆D）技术在AISI52100轴承钢基体表面合成了Ti-C薄膜．测试了合成薄膜后试样表面的化学组成、摩擦磨损性能、纳米硬度、弹性模量和滚动接触疲劳寿命,观察了疲劳破坏后试样断面的光学形貌．XRD结果表明处理后试样表面形成了TiC相．光学显微镜下疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展形貌揭示出疲劳破坏可能存在表面点蚀和膜层剥离两种形式．在Hertz接触应力为5．1GPa,90％置信区间条件下的疲劳寿命延长了5．5倍;最大微观硬度和弹性模量分别增加了28．4％和12．1％;相同磨损条件下的摩擦系数从0．95下降到0．15．     

阴极弧径向不同位置膜层性能分布规律

利用阴极弧沉积的方法在201不锈钢基体上制备了TiN薄膜,研究了阴极弧径向不同位置大颗粒、膜厚以及膜层性能的分布规律.分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了膜层的相结构、膜层的表面形貌和截面形貌.研究了镀膜试样和基体在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并利用电化学方法分析其抗腐蚀性能,并采用球-盘式摩擦磨损、划痕测试以及微小压痕等方法测试了径向不同位置沉积的TiN薄膜摩擦磨损性能、膜基结合力以及硬度.结果表明,靠近靶材中心的位置,膜层的硬度、厚度最大,电化学腐蚀电位最高,在径向夹角20°处的膜层厚度、硬度最小.在靠近出气位置侧沉积的TiN薄膜大颗粒数目较多,造成表面缺陷增加,TiN薄膜的抗腐蚀性能下降.靠近弧源中心位置沉积的膜层摩擦磨损系数较大,两侧处的膜层摩擦系数较小,膜基结合力与表面形貌和膜层厚度有很大关系.     

镁合金表面纳米TiSiN复合薄膜的制备及其结构和耐蚀耐磨性能分析

为提高镁合金耐蚀和耐磨性,扩大其在航空领域的应用,采用反应磁控溅射法,分别在AZ31和Mg8Li两种镁合金基体上制备了复合TiSiN薄膜. 采用X射线荧光光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和X射线小角掠入射分别对薄膜表面元素分布、形貌、膜层结构和晶粒尺寸进行了分析. 采用电化学工作站和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机分别对薄膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为和在空气中的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究. 结果表明,薄膜中Ti和Si元素比例与靶材相近,元素在整个膜层表面呈高低交替的环形分布,Mg8Li基体上薄膜的分布较为均匀;薄膜主要由TiN和Ti₂N两相组成,AZ31表面薄膜的晶粒尺寸和粗糙度均小于Mg8Li表面的薄膜;两种基体镀膜后的腐蚀电流密度降低了三个数量级,摩擦系数低于0.4,磨损率在10?6 m3/Nm数量级.     

脉冲偏压磁过滤电弧离子镀TiN薄膜的组织结构及耐磨性研究

利用脉冲偏压磁过滤电弧离子镀在高速钢(M2)基底上沉积了厚约2.5μm的TiN薄膜;分别采用FESEM、GDOES、XRD和划痕试验法观察薄膜表面和断面形貌、测试薄膜成分及相结构,分析膜基结合强度,通过显微硬度计和球盘摩擦磨损试验机对比考察TiN薄膜和M2高速钢基体的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,TiN薄膜表面光滑致密,呈现致密柱状晶结构和明显的(111)择优取向,膜基结合强度大于60 N,薄膜硬度约为26 GPa;脉冲偏压磁过滤电弧离子镀制备的TiN薄膜表现出很好的减摩和耐磨性能。     

低模量Ti6Al4V表面Ti(Al/Pt)N薄膜强化改性

为解决硬质薄膜因与软基体硬度和模量差较大导致的薄膜失效问题,提高硬质薄膜在Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金基体上的适应性,使用掺杂氮化钛（TiN）陶瓷薄膜对低模量Ti6Al4V合金表面强化。采用热丝增强等离子体磁控溅射技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备Ti(Al/Pt)N薄膜：包括本征TiN、Al&Pt掺杂TiAlN和TiAl(Pt)N薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪、洛氏硬度计和摩擦磨损测试仪分别表征三种薄膜组织形貌、能谱分析、相结构和内应力、纳米硬度和模量及耐磨性。结果表明：Al元素掺杂使TiN薄膜柱状晶细化,截面形貌柱状晶更致密;同时微量Pt掺杂后,截面断口呈韧性撕裂。本征TiN和TiAlN薄膜衍射峰图谱呈现TiN(111)取向,TiAl(Pt)N薄膜的衍射峰呈TiN(200)主峰位。Al元素掺杂使TiN薄膜晶格畸变增多,内应力从-13 MPa增大到-115 MPa,导致膜-基结合力恶化,洛氏压痕和摩擦磨损实验中均出现薄膜剥落。Pt掺杂后薄膜内应力降低到-66 MPa,在洛氏压痕试验中TiAl(Pt)N薄膜与基体结合良好,仅有少许环形裂纹。摩擦磨损试验中本...     

Ti6Al4V表面增强CrN和TiN薄膜

目的 研究表面增强氮化铬(CrN)和氮化钛(TiN)薄膜与Ti6Al4V(TC4)基体的适应性。方法 采用热丝增强等离子体磁控溅射技术,通过改变热丝放电电流,在TC4合金表面制备CrN、TiN薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、X–射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪、洛氏硬度计和摩擦磨损测试仪分别表征薄膜的组织形貌、成分、相结构、内应力、纳米硬度、弹性模量及耐磨性。结果 随着热丝放电电流从0 A增加至32 A,等离子体密度增大,薄膜表面形貌由较疏松的四棱锥形转变成致密球形,截面柱状晶排列更加致密;薄膜择优取向从低应变能的(111)取向转变为低表面能的(200)取向;无热丝放电时TiN薄膜内应力高于CrN薄膜,随着热丝放电电流的增大,TiN薄膜内应力逐渐低于CrN薄膜;并且随着热丝放电电流的增大,薄膜的弹性模量与硬度均增大,但相同试验条件下CrN薄膜的弹性模量与硬度均低于TiN薄膜;压痕检测结果表明,薄膜与基体结合完好;低载荷摩擦磨损检测结果表明,硬度及弹性模量较高的TiN薄膜磨损量最低。结论 在相同等离子体密度能量轰击下,硬度和弹性模量较高的TiN薄膜内应力增幅较小;低载荷磨损时,弹性模量及硬度较高、内应力较低的TiN薄膜更适用于Ti6Al4V基体的增强改性。     

等离子体增强磁控溅射TiN涂层与铝对摩时的摩擦磨损行为∗

铝挤压模具表面的摩擦磨损行为是影响铝制品质量和模具寿命的重要因素。为了进一步优化铝挤压模具表面耐磨涂层的沉积工艺，以 TiN 涂层为例，采用等离子体增强磁控溅射方法分别在基体偏流为 0.1 A、1.5 A、3.0 A 和 4.5 A 条件下制备 TiN 涂层，利用 XPS、SEM、AFM 和 XRD 分别测量 TiN 涂层的化学成分、表截面微观结构和相组成，利用纳米压痕仪和旋转式球-盘摩擦磨损试验机分别考察 TiN 涂层试样的综合力学性能和与铝对摩时的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明：基体偏流增加对 TiN 涂层的化学组成影响较小。随着基体偏流的增加，TiN 涂层的横截面形貌逐渐细化。涂层表面具有由岛状微凸起组成的微结构，随着基体偏流的增加，微凸起尺寸和数量逐渐减小，表面粗糙度逐渐降低。不同基体偏流条件下制备的涂层均具有明显的 TiN(111)择优生长趋势。当基体偏流从 0.1 A 增加到 1.5 A 时，TiN 涂层的晶粒尺寸明显减小，涂层的综合力学性能得到显著提高。TiN 涂层试样与铝对摩过程中主要发生粘着磨损和磨料磨损，涂层试样对铝的减摩抗磨性能与对摩过程中的铝粘着面积呈负相关。结论：基体偏流对等离子体增强磁控溅射 TiN 涂层的表截面微观结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损行为影响显著，基体偏流为 1.5 A 时制备的 TiN 涂层具有最低的摩擦因数和磨损率，分别为 0.41×10^?15 和 3.03×10^?15 m³ / (N·m)。研究结果对铝成型模具表面高性能长寿命防护涂层的研究开发具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN多层膜对1Cr17Ni2不锈钢疲劳性能的影响

采用真空阴极电弧沉积技术在1Cr17Ni2马氏体型不锈钢表面沉积Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN多层膜。研究对比了在室温下膜层试样与基体试样的旋转弯曲疲劳强度、疲劳寿命和疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:在不锈钢基体上沉积厚度为11.7μm,硬度为3 220HV0.025,膜/基结合力为56N的Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN多层膜后,其疲劳性能显著提高,膜层试样较基体试样的疲劳极限提高了约11.2%,当应力水平在540～650 MPa变化时,疲劳寿命增量变化范围为108%～246%;裂纹均起源于表面,在低应力水平下只有一个裂纹源,而高应力水平下有多个裂纹源;疲劳性能的提高主要是由于膜层能够弥补基体表面一定的缺陷,同时软硬交替的膜层结构有较强的抗裂纹扩展能力。     

硬质薄膜与自润滑织物衬垫对磨的摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 提高钛合金与自润滑织物衬垫对磨的耐磨性.方法 采用多弧离子镀在TC4钛合金表面制备TiN和CrAlN硬质薄膜,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪、销-盘摩擦磨损试验机、白光干涉扫描轮廓仪测试分析薄膜的形貌、结构、硬度、弹性模量、摩擦磨损性能和磨痕形貌.结果 在相同的测试条件下,TC4钛合金与自润滑织物衬垫对磨时,能更快地进入稳定摩擦阶段,且平均摩擦系数最低,仅为0.12;TiN薄膜进入稳定摩擦阶段所用时间和摩擦系数较TC4钛合金稍有增加;而CrAlN薄膜进入稳定摩擦阶段的用时最长且平均摩擦系数最大.测量摩擦磨损后自润滑织物衬垫磨痕的二维轮廓发现,当与CrAlN薄膜对磨时,自润滑织物衬垫的磨痕深度最大,但磨损率最低,这主要是软质织物衬垫的不均匀磨损引起的.进一步分析发现,所有的试验销表面均形成了转移膜,但CrAlN薄膜表面形成的转移膜最薄,从而导致其摩擦系数最大,磨损率最低.深入分析自润滑织物衬垫磨痕形貌发现,与TC4钛合金对磨的自润滑织物衬垫的磨痕表现为磨粒磨损和纤维束的破损;与TiN薄膜对磨的自润滑织物衬垫的磨痕表现为区域损失和表面不规则的凹痕;与CrAlN薄膜对磨的自润滑织物衬垫的磨痕中纤维束破损严重.结论 与自润滑织物衬垫对磨后,钛合金以及硬质薄膜表面均形成转移膜,CrAlN薄膜表面转移膜最薄,与之对磨的自润滑织物衬垫的磨损率最低.     

非对称双极脉冲磁控溅射制备Ti-Co-La-N纳米薄膜性能

利用非对称双极脉冲磁控溅射制备了不用Co-La掺杂量的Ti-Co-La-N纳米复合薄膜.分别用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、纳米压痕仪、划痕仪以及摩擦磨损仪研究了薄膜的表面形貌、结合力、显微硬度和摩擦学性能.结果表明:复合薄膜主要有TiN相、Co2N相和LaN相组成;复合膜的纤维硬度达到14.61 GPa,低于TiN的显微硬度;复合薄膜的显微硬度和结合力都随着Co-La掺杂量的增加而降低;在高速钢基体上复合薄膜的摩擦系数达到了0.6.     

Influence of metal ions on the formation of artificial zinc rusts

The artificial rust particles were prepared from ZnCl₂ solutions dissolving Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mg(II) at different atomic ratios from 0 to 0.3 in metal/Zn. With increasing metal/Zn the crystal phases of the products turned following as ZnO → a mixture of ZnO and Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂ · H₂O (ZHC) → ZHC. Al(III) most facilitated the formation of ZHC but Mg(II) and Fe(III) produced no ZHC. The morphology of the formed particles varied following as agglomerate → fine → rod → sheet → irregular with the increase of metal/Zn. The sheet and irregularly shaped particles were identified as ZHC and the other particles as ZnO.     

NiAl－Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（３０）Ｆｅ（２０），Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（３０）和Ｎｉ（６０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（２０）单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱．基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系．     

NiAl—Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ３０Ｆｅ２０，Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０，Ｎｉ６０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ２０单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱。基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系。     

Effect of dislocation density on the low temperature aging behavior of an ultra low carbon bake hardening steel

Strain aging was studied in an ultra low carbon (ULC) steel with a total carbon content of 20 ppm (wt.%) in order to identify the process stages and mechanism of bake hardening in this type of steel. The effects of dislocation density, varied by means of uniaxial tensile prestraining (1–10%) on the aging kinetics were investigated within an aging temperature range of 50–170°C. The aging was evaluated by means of strength measurements and the determination of interstitial carbon content after aging using a piezoelectric composite oscillator operating at 40 kHz. The interaction between interstitial carbon and dislocations was examined through amplitude dependent internal friction measurements. The influence of dislocation density on the aging behavior have been discussed with reference to the kinetics and mechanism of the aging process.     

Effect of solution heat treatment on galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix in AA7075-T6

Susceptibility to localised corrosion is strongly affected by heat treatments performed on Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloys. In order to study how galvanic coupling between intermetallics and matrix is affected by solution heat treatment, AA7075-T6 and solution heat treated AA7075 have been characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Solution heat treatment strongly increased the Volta potential difference between the intermetallics and the surrounding matrix showing a strong increase in galvanic coupling. This is explained by Zn and Mg enrichment of the matrix caused by dissolution of strengthening particles during solution heat treatment.     

Characterizing corrosion behavior under atmospheric conditions using electrochemical techniques

AC and DC electrochemical experiments were performed as a function of humidity and contaminant concentration in an effort to identify the range of atmospheric environments where corrosion processes could be detected and possibly quantified. AC measurements exhibited two time constants at 25% relative humidity (RH), possibly indicating the ability to resolve both electrolyte resistance and interfacial impedance. Galvanic current measurements were sensitive to the presence of Cl_2(g) at 30% RH and electrochemical transients were detected at both 30% and 50% RH levels, also indicating sensitivity to interfacial processes. Higher humidity levels allowed better quantification due to decreasing electrolyte and interfacial impedances.     

Electrochemical behaviour of amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr-Pd and Zr-Pt alloys in different environments

The corrosion behaviour of melt spun amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline Zr₇₀Pd₃₀ and Zr₈₀Pt₂₀ alloy ribbons has been investigated using potentiodynamic polarization study in NaCl, H₂SO₄ and NaOH solutions at different concentrations. The amorphous and nanoquasicrystalline alloys show better corrosion resistance than Zr in all the solutions studied. Both the alloys are susceptible to chloride attack and pitting has been observed. Complete passivation has been observed in H₂SO₄, while gradual break down of passivating layer occurs in NaOH. In general, nanoquasicrystalline state in both the alloys shows better corrosion resistance than amorphous state in all the solutions studied.     

A study on the deactivation of an IrO2–Ta2O5 coated titanium anode

The deactivation of an IrO₂–Ta₂O₅ coated titanium anode was studied during an accelerated life test at 2 A cm⁻² in 1 mol dm⁻³ H₂SO₄ solution using CV, EIS, SEM and EDX. The changes of voltammetric charge, double layer capacitance, oxide film resistance and charge transfer resistance of oxygen evolution with time during the electrolysis were monitored. The morphology and surface composition of the oxide anode before and after electrolysis test were analysed. A comprehensive process of deactivation of the oxide anode was proposed based on the test results and analysis.     

Corrosion behaviour of powder metallurgical and cast Al-Zn-Mg base alloys

The behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg base alloys produced by powder metallurgy and casting has been studied using potentiodynamic polarisation in 0.3% and 3% NaCl solutions. The influence of alloy production route on microstructure has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. An improvement in performance of powder metallurgy (PM) materials, compared with the cast alloy, was evident in solutions of low chloride concentration; less striking differences were revealed in high chloride concentration. Both powder metallurgy and cast alloys show two main types of precipitates, which were identified as Zn-Mg and Zr-Sc base intermetallic phases. The microstructure of the PM alloys is refined compared with the cast material, which assists understanding of the corrosion performance. The corrosion process commences with dissolution of the Zn-Mg base phases, with the relatively coarse phases present in the cast alloy showing ready development of corrosion.     

Inhibitors performance in CO2 corrosion: EIS studies on the interaction between their molecular structure and steel microstructure

The performance of three imidazoline-like inhibitors in CO₂ corrosion was studied by means of electrochemical measurements employing a.c. and d.c. techniques. Carbon steel with two different microstructures (annealed, and quenched and tempered (Q&T)) was used in a deoxygenated 5% wt. NaCl solution, saturated with CO₂ at 40 °C and pH 6. Aminopropylimidazol (API) and two commercial imidazoline-based products (PC and QB) were used as inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LRP) studies showed that the annealed samples have a better corrosion resistance than the Q&T samples when API and PC were added. On the other hand, the presence of QB yielded the opposite results. From the Bode phase angle plots it can be concluded that in the first case and for both microstructural conditions, there is no indication of formation of an inhibitor film, whereas in the presence of QB its formation is clearly evident. Based on these experimental findings, a mechanism of action for each inhibitor is proposed.