75Si2Mn1.5CrB铸钢等温淬火组织及力学性能

对新型的高碳低合金75Si2Mn1.5CrB钢进行了在200℃等温淬火工艺组织和力学性能的研究。利用激光显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对等温淬火处理的试验用钢进行了观察和分析。结果表明,75Si2Mn1.5CrB钢经920℃奥氏体化快冷至200℃等温处理后,组织为带有奥氏体薄膜的贝氏体铁素体、马氏体和残留奥氏体。75Si2Mn1.5CrB钢在200℃等温22 h时,其综合力学性能良好。     

75Si2Mn1.5CrB等温淬火工艺及性能研究

研究了新型的高碳合金75Si2Mn1.5CrB在250℃等温淬火工艺下的组织和力学性能。结果表明,75Si2Mn1.5CrB铸钢经920℃奥氏体化后进行250℃保温不同时间的淬火处理后,组织均为带有奥氏体薄膜的贝氏体铁素体+马氏体+残余奥氏体。75Si2Mn1.5CrB经250℃保温1 h处理,其硬度和耐磨性最佳。     

ZG30Cr2MnSi2铸钢的热处理工艺研究

研究了水淬、正火和等温淬火对ZG30Cr2MnSi2的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,ZG30Cr2MnSi2经945℃奥氏体化后水冷、350℃回火后,具有较好的综合力学性能;经920℃奥氏体化后正火,具有良好的强韧性配合;高硅先共析铁素体的出现,使该钢在920℃奥氏体化温度下等温淬火的冲击韧度明显低于水淬和正火的冲击韧度.指出Cr和Si合金元素的配合,使ZG30Cr2MnSi2通过不同的热处理工艺,同时具备了在高、中、低冲击载荷抗耐磨性的力学性能.     

中碳CrMnSi铸钢的等温淬火组织与性能研究

添加Cr，Mn，Si合金元素，用中频感应电炉熔炼得到ZG30试验用钢，Cr，Mn，Si元素总量≤5％，Si的含量分别为0．87％和1．20％。采用不同的等温淬火工艺参数，获得贝氏体-奥氏体复相组织，并测试其力学性能；利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析了其组织的形态与结构，利用XRD进行相组成的定量研究。试验结果表明，设定成分的铸钢，在适舍的等温淬火工艺条件下，可以获得无碳化物析出的奥氏体-贝氏体组织，残余奥氏体的含量约为9％，该铸钢硬度≥45HRC，且冲击韧度≥125J／cm^2，具有良好的强韧性。     

ZG31Mn2Si硅锰钢圆锥衬板组织与性能研究

通过感应炉熔炼和吹氩精炼制备了ZG31Mn2Si,研究了ZG31Mn2Si的熔炼工艺及热处理工艺对其显微组织和硬度及冲击韧度的影响。结果表明:采用890℃正火+890℃水淬+200℃低温回火的热处理工艺,钢的显微组织为细小的板条状马氏体和少量呈薄片状分布在马氏体周围的残余奥氏体。其硬度和冲击韧度得到最佳匹配值,分别为47 HRC和41.25 J/cm2,基本达到了圆锥衬板的使用要求,完成了实验的预定目标。     

20Si2Mn2CrNi钢Ms点下的等温转变组织及其强韧性

采用热膨胀法研究了一种低碳低合金B/M复相高强20Si2Mn2CrNi钢在Ms点(386℃)附近等温淬火的相变动力学,运用K-M模型定性地计算了Ms点以下等温淬火时的马氏体体积分数,研究了试验钢在不同等温淬火工艺下的组织转变对其力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,试验钢在高于386℃等温时过冷奥氏体转变为上贝氏体,而在386℃以下等温时除形成马氏体外,还形成了与386℃以上奥氏体等温转变为贝氏体动力学一致的低温贝氏体。试验钢在300℃等温淬火时,马氏体体积分数为91.74%,硬度为41.7 HRC,冲击吸收能量为91.7 J,具有较好的强塑性综合力学性能,这与贝氏体组织与马氏体组织良好的协调变形有关。     

淬火回火对ZG310-510铸钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了淬火温度和回火温度对ZG310-510铸钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着淬火温度的提高,ZG310-510钢的强度、硬度和冲击韧度提高,淬火温度为1000℃达到峰值.1000℃淬火、200或600℃回火,铸钢具有良好的强韧性,200℃回火的组织为回火马氏体组织和少量残余奥氏体,600℃回火的组织主要为索氏体组织.400℃回火出现回火脆性,材料的冲击韧度最低.提出了提高ZG310-510铸钢的强韧性的热处理工艺:1000℃淬火 200/600℃回火.     

锰及热处理参数对中碳低合金耐磨钢组织与性能的影响

研究了Mn和热处理工艺对中碳低合金耐磨铸钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,实验钢的最佳奥氏体化温度为870℃,实验钢经不同温度淬火、低温回火后,钢的硬度变化并不显著,在46~54 HRC之间;w(Mn)1.5%时经870℃奥氏体化+等温淬火和200℃回火热处理,试验钢回火后的组织主要为回火马氏体,材料获得最佳的综合力学性能,是矿用挖掘机铲齿最好材质之一。     

冷却介质对ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同冷却介质对ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo铸钢力学性能及组织的影响.试验结果表明,奥氏体化后空冷ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo组织为板条贝氏体型铁素体和残余奥氏体组织,奥氏体化后淬火ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo组织为板条马氏体、贝氏体型铁素体和残余奥氏体组织.ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo获得板条马氏体、贝氏体型铁素体和残余奥氏体组织时,具有良好的力学性能.     

高温淬火处理对ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMO钢组织和性能的影响

研究了高温淬火热处理对ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo组织和性能的影响,观察并测试了不同高温淬火处理钢的组织特征和力学性能.结果表明,ZG30CrMn2Si2NiMo铸态晶粒粗大,提高淬火温度可以细化组织,改善材料的力学性能,加热温度超过AC3之上200℃淬火,有明显的细化组织和晶粒作用,获得的组织为马氏体、贝氏体和奥氏体复相组织,并阐明了改善韧性和细化组织的原因.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。