结晶器CrZrCu板表面等离子喷涂NiAl涂层的结合机理、组织与性能

采用等离子喷涂方法在结晶器Cu Cr Zr合金表面制备了Ni Al打底层。用正交试验法研究了工艺参数对涂层结合强度的影响;利用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析测试手段研究了涂层的结合机理及组织结构。结果表明,在选定的工艺参数范围内,工艺因素对结合强度影响的主次关系为:功率送粉速率喷涂距离主气流量,最优工艺参数为喷涂距离120 mm、主气流量54.1 L·min-1、送粉速率30 g·min-1、功率20 k W,结合强度达48.99 MPa。喷涂时,Ni-Al间发生放热反应,在涂层中形成Al4Ni3、Al3Ni2和Al Ni3等金属间化合物。在界面处主要为Al,局部区域存在"微冶金结合",在"微冶金结合"区Al与基体中的Cu相互作用,生成Cu3Al2、Cu Al2和Cu Al等相。     

球扁钢用铸铁轧辊表面等离子喷涂Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层工艺优化

以球扁钢轧制用铸铁轧辊的表面强化为目的,对等离子喷涂Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层工艺进行了研究.结果表明,影响涂层强度的因素依次为功率、喷涂距离、主气流量和送粉速率,Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层最佳工艺参数是喷涂距离130 mm,主气流量69.8 L/min-1,送粉速率25 g/min,功率20 kW.采用优化后的等离子喷涂工艺制备的涂层,呈典型的层状结构,粒子熔化充分,组织致密,孔隙率低,与基体结合较紧密.     

等离子喷涂镍基涂层表面形貌的研究

采用HEPJ-100超音速等离子喷涂系统在Incoloy 800基体上制备Ni60A合金涂层。利用OLYMPUS MODEL GX41F金相显微镜对涂层形貌进行了观察,通过TUKON2500显微硬度计测量涂层和基体的显微硬度。结果表明:喷涂工艺参数对涂层的组织形貌和结合强度有很大影响,其主要影响因素包括喷涂功率、送粉速率、主气流量、喷涂距离。通过试验获得最优的参数,喷涂功率35 k W,送粉速率25 g·min~(-1),主气流量100 L·min~(-1),喷涂距离100 mm。通过试验得到的涂层组织更致密,结合强度好,且涂层硬度明显优于基体。     

CuNiCoBe合金表面等离子弧喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层

利用等离子弧喷涂技术在结晶器CuNiCoBe基体上制备了Cr3C2-NiCr涂层,采用正交试验法研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层与基体结合强度的影响,对拉伸断面的形貌和涂层的显微结构进行了观察和分析.结果表明,影响Cr3C2-NiCr涂层与CuNiCoBe基体结合强度的主次因素依次为:送粉速率＞主气流量＞喷涂距离＞喷涂功率;经正交试验优化后的喷涂工艺参数为:喷涂距离90mm,主气流量56.6L/min,送粉速率20 g/min,喷涂功率25 kW;优化后,涂层与基体的结合强度可达18.5 MPa;涂层截面的显微硬度分布符合正态分布.     

等离子喷涂参数对TiB2可湿润阴极涂层沉积效率的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂（APS）在石墨质碳阴极材料上沉积TiB2可湿润性阴极涂层。研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层沉积效率的影响。结果表明,涂层沉积效率随喷涂距离的增加而增加,随主气流量、喂料速率和喷涂功率增加呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,随粉末尺寸的减少而增加。最佳工艺参数为：喷涂距离80 mm,主气流量1900 L/h,送粉气流量（Ar）120 L/h,喂料速率27.34 g/min,喷涂功率35.8 kW,颗粒直径(d50) ≤37.4 μm,该条件下涂层沉积效率为67.26%。该TiB2涂层在220 kA铝电解槽上应用,槽稳定后铝液中Ti含量为0.0021%（质量分数）。     

等离子喷涂梯度热障涂层的工艺优化

用正交试验方法研究了等离子喷涂工艺的4个主要参数(喷涂距离、送粉量、主气(N2)流量、喷涂电流)对梯度热障涂层的过渡层孔隙率的影响,确定了最优工艺参数,并对工艺优化后涂层的显微组织和结合强度进行研究。结果表明:在这4个工艺因素中,送粉量、喷涂距离对过渡层的孔隙率影响较大;在梯度热障涂层中,由基体到涂层表面,形成一种无宏观结合界面的成分连续变化的组织结构;工艺优化能显著提高涂层的性能,优化工艺后喷涂的梯度热障涂层结合强度达到50 MPa。     

喷涂工艺参数对硅灰石涂层结构的影响

采用等离子喷涂方法,在不同喷涂距离、主气流量和喷涂功率下制备硅灰石涂层.使用扫描电镜观察了涂层的微观形貌,研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层结构的影响.结果表明,在较大主气流量下,随着喷涂距离增加,涂层粒子扁平化程度降低,涂层内孔隙逐渐增多;在较小主气流量下,涂层粒子扁平化程度随喷涂距离增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势.主气流量增加,涂层致密,粒子扁平充分.喷涂功率增加,粒子熔化好,涂层致密;但随喷涂功率进一步增加,涂层中出现较多的圆形孔隙.喷涂工艺参数对涂层结构的影响主要通过影响熔融粒子的温度和速度所致.     

铸铁表面等离子喷涂Mo涂层工艺研究

采用不同参数等离子喷涂方法在铸铁表面制备了钼涂层,利用SEM和EDS研究了涂层组织与断口形貌,并检测了涂层的显微硬度。结果表明,喷涂最佳工艺参数为主气流量72 L/min,喷涂距离107 mm,送粉速率14 g/min,功率18 kW。涂层与基体以机械结合为主,Mo涂层的硬度明显高于基体的硬度,涂层显微硬度分散性和不均匀性较大,这是由于涂层组织结构的非均匀性和涂层中的缺陷造成的。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对二硅化钼涂层微观结构的影响

以30～54μm的二硅化钼为喷涂粉末,研究了喷涂参数对二硅化钼涂层微观结构的影响。结果表明,喷涂过程中,喷涂粉末中部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h),MoSi2中Si含量出现了烧损。随着喷涂距离、功率、氩气流量和送粉速率的增加,涂层的孔隙率先降低后升高。随着氩气流量和送粉速率的增加,熔融粒子氧化程度逐渐减弱;而喷涂距离和喷涂功率的增加,熔融颗粒氧化加剧,富钼相出现的趋势增加。获得以MoSi2为主相涂层的喷涂工艺规范较宽,较佳的喷涂工艺参数为:喷涂电流500A、电压70V、喷涂距离100mm、送粉量26g/min、氩气流量45 L/min。     

等离子喷涂Cr2O3-8％TiO2涂层参数优化研究

等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层与基体的结合强度往往较小,限制了其实际应用,为了提高结合强度,用正交试验方法研究了等离子喷涂工艺的4个主要参数(喷涂距离、电流、主气流量和辅气流量)对Cr2O3-8%TiO2涂层结合强度的影响,确定了优化工艺并进行了验证试验,比较了工艺优化前后涂层的结合强度、孔隙率和显微硬度.结果表明:影响涂层结合强度的因素主次顺序是喷涂距离、电流、辅气流量、主气流量,工艺优化后能显著提高Cr2O3-8%TiO2涂层的性能,优化工艺喷涂的 Cr2O3-8%TiO2涂层结合强度达到29.2MPa,孔隙率为3.80%,显微硬度为2 528HV.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.