新型载体ED—1在分散染料常压染色中的应用

探讨了新型载体ＥＤ－１分散染料常压染涤纶纤维诸对染色效果的影响，确定了合理的工艺。试验证明，与常规载体冬青油相比，该染色工序简单，匀染性好，易去除，低毒无味。     

分散染料涤纶常压染色新型载体的研究

探讨了新型载体ED－1在常压下分散染料染涤纶纤维的效果、特点，确定了合理的工艺。试验证明，与常规载体冬青油相比，该染色工序简单，匀染性好，易去除且低毒无味。     

涤纶超细纤维染色助剂作用的研究

涤纶纤维染色用分散染料在水溶液中的溶解度极低,对提高染色速率和匀染性均不利。本文就在染浴中加入不同助剂后对分散染料的溶解度、上染率和移染率的影响进行测定,并研究分析了各种助剂拼混的增效作用,以期提高涤纶超细纤维染色的匀染性和深染性。     

聚乳酸(PLA)纤维的染色性能

在不同pH值、温度和时间的条件下，采用不同结构的分散染料对聚乳酸纤维染色。结果表明，当pH值为5时，在110℃染30～40min后聚乳酸纤维能获得稳定的染色效果，但需小心控制还原清洗条件，否则会造成色相和色深明显变化。通过试验，分析了染料结构对聚乳酸纤维染色性能的影响，并与分散染料染涤纶(PET)纤维进行了对比。     

超细涤纶针织物SE型分散染料染色工艺研究

超细涤纶纤维通常具有显色性低、染色牢度差、提升性较高和上染速率快等特点，因此适合于超细纤维染色的分散染料，应具有颜色强度高、染色牢度高、移染性好、提升性好、匀染性好及相容性好的特点。经过试验，SE型分散染料符合要求。文中介绍了pH、时间、浴比对染色性能的影响。最终确定染色工艺配方为：消泡剂0.25％，匀染剂SS-972．5％，防皱剂1％，扩散剂NNO0．5％，分散红SE-GFL0．04％，pH值为5，染色温度为125—130℃，保温40min。     

分散彩蓝B的应用性能

分散彩蓝B染料染流行色糖果色时,存在难以修色等问题。通过考察分散染料彩蓝B对涤纶织物的上染性、提升性、匀染性、移染性和色牢度等应用性能,得到分散彩蓝B的优化染色工艺为:采取分段式保温,温度达到110℃后缓慢升温,染色pH值4~5。染色过程中加入匀染剂可提高匀染性能,织物的皂洗牢度和升华牢度可达4级以上。     

涤纶织物碱性染色

采用甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液控制染液pH值,实现分散染料对涤纶织物的碱性染色.结果表明,当染液pH值为8.5左右时,染料上染百分率和染色织物的K/S值最高.碱性染色织物的色泽、匀染性、摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度与酸性染色相当,织物K/S值高于传统酸性条件染色.     

耐碱型分散染料AK

探讨了AK型分散染料在不同pH值、双氧水用量的条件下的染色性能。结果表明,当pH值在4.5～11时,染料得色量K/S值变化不大,且色差ΔE值小于1,说明AK型分散染料染色的pH值适应范围广,且在碱性条件下染品能获得鲜艳、纯正的色光,织物手感柔软滑爽,而且耐洗牢度和摩擦牢度指标比常规条件高0.5级;当双氧水用量在0～5 g/L范围内,AK型分散染料的K/S值与色差ΔE值变化并不明显,说明AK型分散染料耐氧漂性能强。将AK型分散染料应用于涤/棉混纺织物煮漂染涤一浴法短流程工艺、涤纶纱线碱性条件下除油染色一浴法短流程工艺,可获得较好的染色效果。     

超细包覆分散染料的制备及其染色工艺

以苯乙烯-马来酸共聚物为壁材,分散蓝60为核材,通过相分离技术制备了平均粒径152 nm的超细包覆分散染料,并用于涤纶织物染色。超细包覆分散染料染色涤纶织物的K/S值比常规分散染料的高,匀染性更好,干/湿摩擦牢度在4～5级以上。     

涤纶织物分散染料染色浴中分散匀染剂的应用

探讨了涤纶织物染浴中分散匀染剂在高温高压染色工艺中的应用。分析了染色色差、分散染料上染速率、分散染料分散性能、移染性能及大货染花评估。结果表明,分散匀染剂PSD能够有效地控制分散染料染涤纶的上染速率,达到稳定染液,防止染色不匀的目的,染色效果较为理想。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the