三氯化磷法合成O-(1,2,2,2-四氯乙基)硫代磷酰二氯的工艺研究

研究了以三氯化磷、一氯化硫为原料合成Ｏ （１，２，２，２ 四氯乙基）硫代磷酰二氯的工艺，讨论了温度、催化剂、反应时间、原料摩尔比等对反应的影响，获得了较好的工艺条件为：原料摩尔配比ＰＣｌ３∶Ｓ２Ｃｌ２∶ＣＣｌ３ＣＨＯ∶催化剂Ｂ＝３１∶２∶１∶０７５；反应温度－８～－４℃；反应时间９ｈ；收率达６６５３％。     

氨基磺酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,采用氨基磺酸作催化剂合成乙酰水杨酸。考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,酰化反应的优化条件为：n（水杨酸）∶n（乙酸酐）∶ n（氨基磺酸）＝1∶ 1.5 ∶0.006 1,反应时间25 min,反应温度（81～85） ℃,产率可达93.34%。     

新型聚合物紫外线吸收剂的合成研究

异氰脲酸三环氧丙酯（Ⅰ）与高级脂肪酸（Ⅱ）及２，４－二羟基二苯甲酮（Ⅲ）在催化剂作用下，分两步反应合成了两种高分子量的紫外线吸收剂ＵＶ－９８１和ＵＶ－１００９，并对其合成工艺条件进行了探讨。适宜工艺条件为：原料比：Ⅰ∶Ⅱ∶Ⅲ＝１∶１∶２，反应温度：８０～１１０℃，反应时间：ｔ－１＝３～５ｈ，ｔ＿２＝５～８ｈ。     

清洁氧化一步法合成己二酸

采用合成的复合季铵磷钨酸盐为催化剂,以50%双氧水为氧源催化环己烯合成了己二酸,反应结束催化剂能够与反应体系分离和回收套用。考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、双氧水与环己烯物质的量比等因素对反应的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度90～95℃、反应时间8h、n（H2O2）∶n（环己烯）=4.4、n（催化剂）∶n（环己烯）=7∶1000的条件下,己二酸的平均收率达85%,该催化剂重复使用5次后,己二酸产率仍可达到83%。     

糠偶酰的制备

研究了一种以糠醛为原料,盐酸硫胺素（VB1）为催化剂,在碱性条件,pH=8～9,采用安息香缩合反应合成中间体糠偶姻,并利用硫酸铜-吡啶氧化其为糠偶酰。实验考查了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量对中间体或产品收率的影响,确定合成工艺的最佳条件为：中间体反应温度65℃,反应时间2.0h,催化剂m（VB1）=8.0g,最高收率82.7%;产品反应温度100℃,反应时间2.5h,n（硫酸铜）∶n（吡啶）∶n（水）=1∶4.3∶9.0,最高收率91.7%。中间体为白色针状晶体,熔点为138～139℃。产品为黄色针状晶体,熔点为165～166℃。产物结构用红外光谱、元素分析方法进行表征。     

新型香料草莓酯的合成

在果酸和硫酸铜复合催化剂存在下,以乙酰乙酸乙酯（Ａ）和１,２ 丙二醇（Ｂ）为原料经脱水缩合合成了新型香料草莓酯。正交试验结果表明：在ｎ（Ａ）∶ｎ（Ｂ）＝１∶１、催化剂质量分数为００４％（以反应体系的质量为基准）、反应时间为６５ｈ、反应温度为８５～８７℃时,产物收率达８５１５％。产物经理化检测和红外光谱确证。     

2-丙酮氧基-3,4-二氟硝基苯的制备

对２,３ 二氟 ６ 硝基苯酚（简称ＤＮＰ）和一氯丙酮缩合反应生成２ 丙酮氧基 ３,４ 二氟硝基苯进行了研究,讨论了反应时间、催化剂的用量、原料配比、反应温度等对反应的影响。在原料的物质的量比为ｎ（ＤＮＰ）∶ｎ（ＣＨ３ ＣＯＣＨ２ Ｃｌ）∶ｎ（ＫＩ）∶ｎ（Ｋ２ ＣＯ３）＝ １∶１．４∶０．１３∶２,反应温度５０℃,反应时间６ｈ 的条件下,产品的收率达８７％ ;同时找到了以乙醇水溶液提纯该产品的新方法。     

顺丁烯二酸酐催化氧化合成酒石酸

以纳米TiO₂为载体,通过浸渍法制备得到负载型催化剂W/TiO₂,通过催化氧化顺丁烯二酸酐合成酒石酸,研究了催化剂的催化性能。考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比和催化剂用量等反应条件对氧化反应的影响。结果表明,反应温度70 ℃,反应时间6 h,掺杂钨质量分数为10％的W/TiO₂催化剂用量为顺丁烯二酸酐质量的4%和n（H₂O₂）∶n（顺丁烯二酸酐）＝3时,顺丁烯二酸酐转化率达90%。     

对甲基苯磺酸催化合成三乙酰没食子酸

以没食子酸与乙酸酐为原料,对甲基苯磺酸作催化剂,合成三乙酰没食子酸,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对产品的影响。结果表明,酰化反应较佳的工艺条件是：n（没食子酸）∶n（乙酸酐）∶n（对甲基苯磺酸）=1∶2∶0.5,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为60℃,此时三乙酰没食子酸的收率为77.58%。     

氨基磺酸催化合成尿囊素

以尿素、乙醛酸为原料,氨基磺酸为催化剂合成尿囊素。采用正交实验法研究反应温度、原料配比（n尿素∶n乙醛酸）、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对尿囊素收率的影响。分析表明,催化剂用量和反应温度影响显著,而配比和反应时间影响不显著。根据实验具体情况、原料经济性、安全环保等因素,确定了最佳合成条件：反应温度为70℃,原料配比（n尿素∶n乙醛酸）为3.5∶1,催化剂氨基磺酸的用量为4g,反应时间为6h。尿囊素收率可达51.73%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。