An expert system approach for cellular CDMA

The demand for cordless communication has forced suppliers to exploit digital technology to satisfy the increasing demand for service. This demand has led to severe capacity limitations in many areas and spread spectrum techniques are being considered as one means to support these services. It is generally accepted that system control in the future will make use of intelligent processors. In this study we delineate an expert system to be used as an intelligent controller for a cell site working in a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) mobile cellular telecommunications system. An existing AI shell is used for program development and simulation and the results are discussed in terms of the benefits obtained by using an expert system approach in the highly dynamic environment of cellular mobile communications     

Expert systems: Artificial intelligence applied

This article provides an overview of expert systems, the topic of greatest current interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The article describes what an expert system is and sketches the mechanisms by which several of the better known systems operate. The prerequisites for constructing an expert system are given and the state of the art of current expert systems is indicated, with an extensive listing of these systems being provided. The article concludes with a forecast of the nature and applications of future expert systems.     

Distributed Computing, Tomorrow's Panacea — an Introduction to Current Technology

Distributed computing, driven by industry 'hype', has raised expectations of highly functional systems, delivered at reasonable cost, solving the majority of computing problems.This paper will investigate how closely distributed computing technologies, conveniently termed 'middleware', have developed to meet these expectations. The status of current standards, such as CORBA and DCE, will be reviewed. The review will range from a discussion of the standards in terms of functionality, IIOP for example, to the de facto standard offerings from Microsoft such as DCOM. The expected evolution path in terms of convergence or divergence of standards and technologies will be examined.The role of current technologies as they are being applied to the telecommunications industry will be investigated, presenting a view finally on how these technologies, sufficiently matured, may be applied to the telecommunications networks of the future.     

Future of Mobile and Wireless Communications

Wireless technologies and their future uses are very much at the forefront of telecommunications. Yet understanding which wireless technology should be deployed is becoming increasingly difficult given the wide choice. To determine which technology should win in its market-place depends on much more than having a deep technical understanding of its capabilities. This also requires an understanding of its present uses, and how this might evolve, as well as the total cost of ownership. This paper describes collaboration between BT Exact and Motorola to help understand the future of wireless technologies from both a network operator and telecommunications infrastructure supplier points of view. It uses scenario modelling and techno-economic analysis to position various wireless technologies such as 3G and WLANs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network applications inpower electronics and motion control

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, and neural networks are expected to usher a new era in power electronics and motion control in the coming decades. Although these technologies have advanced significantly and have found wide applications, they have hardly touched the power electronics and machine drives area. The paper describes these AI tools and their application in the area of power electronics and motion control. The body of the paper is subdivided into three sections which describe, respectively, the principles and applications of expert systems, fuzzy logic, and neural networks. The theoretical portion of each topic is of direct relevance to the application of power electronics. The example applications in the paper are taken from the published literature     

Artificial intelligence in power system operations

Power system operators often reach a cognitive barrier when information arrives too fast during a power system emergency. At such times it becomes difficult to reach a correct diagnosis of the problem or to formulate the correct decision when actions must be taken. Artificial Intelligence gives designers of Energy Management Systems a way to solve many of the diagnosis and decision problems so as to make the EMS more useful. This paper explores reasons why AI techniques, such as knowledge-based expert systems, are being used in EMS designs and the differences between knowledge-based expert systems and traditional numeric algorithm development. The differences between expert systems and the numeric approach extend to the basic conception and design of the applications. This is illustrated using a relay fault diagnosis system, showing both the traditional and rapid prototyping approaches to its development. Finally, issues concerned with the implementation of AI in EMS computers are explored along with the authors' predictions of possible AI applications to power system operations.     

WDM: North American deployment trends

For decades, TDM has been the fundamental basis for adding capacity to digital telecommunications networks. Suddenly emerging in the past two years WDM has emerged as an important and widely deployed complement to TDM. In fact, sales of systems based on the new technology have risen to over a billion dollars at breathtaking speed. The author addresses the factors that propelled WDM to the forefront of telecommunications technologies, and looks at the immediate future, with WDM pushing into new areas of telecommunications networks, and emerging as the basis of logical optical networking     

The impact of forensic computing on telecommunications

The increasing use of telecommunications, particularly the development of e-commerce, is steadily increasing the opportunities for crime in many guises, especially IT-related crime. In response, there is an urgent new demand for forensic computing, that is, the examination of IT equipment and systems in order to obtain information for criminal or civil investigations. This field is not yet well developed, but its needs will in the future begin to influence telecommunications as investigations are extended to include the use of the communications infrastructures and services. IT security technologies alone are not sufficient to deal with this. The telecommunications industry, its customers, and regulators will face difficult challenges in the provision and use of systems that will be safe, reliable, and auditable. These challenges will need solutions addressing technical, legal, regulatory, and social issues and will not be easily resolved. This article summarizes the state of forensic computing, its likely future development, and its impact on telecommunications, and identifies several research and development issues.     

Telecommunications

The telecommunications blueprint for a single Europe after 1992 is examined. This `green paper' is an ambitious three-year-old document in which the European Community's Commission calls for a Western-Europe-wide telecommunications infrastructure based on the integrated-services digital network (ISDN) and other digital communication links. The progress that has been made toward this goal is assessed, showing that progress toward opening national markets and establishing an infrastructure varies greatly from country to country. The highly variable quality of network services throughout Europe presents a further obstacle to unification. Nevertheless, the national segments of a trans-European ISDN system are beginning to emerge, and work on the specific technologies, standards, and regulations for cross-border telecommunications systems are advancing     

通信人工智能的下一个十年

移动通信技术走过了37年的发展历程,人工智能技术也已走过了64年的发展历程。从早期的各自独立演进,到5G与人工智能开始深度融合发展,"5G与人工智能"已被业界视为一组最新的通用目的技术组合,对垂直行业的发展起到提振生产力与赋能的作用。首先介绍了早期移动通信和人工智能各自的发展路线,并重点回顾了人工智能与通信技术在3G到5G阶段开始融合发展。针对通信人工智能,详细阐述了当前人工智能技术在移动通信生态系统中各领域的发展情况,包括通信网络基础设施、网络管理与运营、电信业务管理、跨领域融合智能化、垂直行业与专网等,并总结了通信国际标准组织对人工智能技术在移动通信系统中的分级定义与演进路线。面向下一个十年,展望了通信人工智能未来的发展路线与演进趋势,并结合3GPP与ITU-R的5G/6G时间表,前瞻性探索了基于3GPP和O-RAN路线的网络智能化、基于体验感知与意图的网络管理与运营系统的发展、网络AI信令体系、面向智慧中台演进的电信业务与支撑体系、跨领域融合的智能化体验管理与策略管理、从SLA向ELA的演进以及面向垂直行业的智能专网等。最后建议行业达成共识,在下一个十年中全面加速推进人工智能在通...     

Disruptive Innovations as a Driving Force for the Change of Wireless Telecommunication Infrastructures

Innovations are the driving force for fundamental changes and development of future generation telecommunication networks. When considering innovations as drivers for the development of next generation telecommunication networks an important question is whether an innovative emerging technology would cause a disruption requiring fundamental change of the infrastructure or will it will only catalyze its evolution. This paper describes the major characteristics of disruptive innovations as a driving force for fundamental changes in existing telecommunications infrastructures. By analyzing the current trends in mobile communications, we reason that the emergence of new telecommunication architectures and infrastructures is inevitable. An important consideration in the analysis is the driving role of disruptive technologies for the future of telecommunications. Based on a model for evaluating the potential disruptiveness of a technology, we provide examples of some new emerging technologies in telecommunications that have the potentials to alter the telecommunication infrastructure landscape.     

Universal broadband mobility target for post-TINA infrastructure:toward the fourth generation

Future universal broadband mobile services present a challenge for telecommunications architectures, control, and management. The focus of the future mobile (fourth) generation vision is turned from capacity to services, from radio to network-wide issues. New types of applications will evolve that should be supported by an adequate programmable intelligent telecommunications infrastructure. A convergence between telecom and datacom networks will happen based on the communications middleware concept, which will provide universal secure connectivity between mobile users and their applications. Actual specifications of TINA-C do not address all such necessary issues. There is a need for technology evolution, enhancement, and integration to meet these new requirements at different levels. The author the concept of the universal broadband mobile telecommunications systems (UBMTS, or simply UBM) described as fourth-generation mobile systems. The UBMTS objective is both to extend mobile user access to the range of broadband services that will exist for broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) users, and to extend the customization of new services related to personal communications systems (PCS) users     

Broadband wireless access

This article reviews the technologies and potential markets, applications, and architectures for broadband wireless access. The emergence of wireless communications for cellular systems is presented, together with its projected future evolution to mobile wideband systems. The field of broadband access systems, services, and network architectures is also covered, and then systems for broadband wireless communications for indoor local area networks and outdoor public fixed access networks are discussed. Broadband wireless access systems are emerging as a new and growing area of telecommunications, since the ability to provide access without extensive installation of copper or fiber infrastructures make wireless technology well suited for broadband services. Finally, some of the key enabling technologies, such as adaptive antennas and video compression, and the future architectural directions of broadband wireless networks are presented     

High-performance expert system-DBMS interface for networkmanagement and control

The field of network management in modern telecommunications networks is discussed along with the need for database and expert systems techniques in this field. It is pointed out that one of the requirements is the capability of inferencing with a very large volume of factual information. A framework is presented for optimization in coupling an expert system and a database management system (DBMS) in such a way to satisfy this requirement. A loose coupling strategy is adopted as a practical solution allowing utilization of an existing DBMS. Specifically, techniques for normalizing the logic query, implementation primitives, and the set of access strategies as mappings between the normalized primitives and implementation primitives is presented. The techniques are discussed in the context of an expert system shell, the SOL Inference Engine for Network Applications (SIENA)     

Issues and advances in high-frequency magnetics for switching powersupplies

Magnetic components have been and will continue to be an essential element in power conversion and management circuits. Due to this pivotal role, magnetic components have seen continuous efforts to develop materials, winding structures, and manufacturing and assembly techniques toward the never ending goals of high efficiency, smaller size, and automated manufacturing. The authors present an up-to-date view as well as an outlook for the future covering the technologies that have enabled the advanced in magnetic components for power electronics in telecommunications. Finally, they also provide their view on emerging technologies in this field in line with broader developments in the telecommunications, electronics and semiconductor industries     

An overview of optical device research in China

An overview of research activities in China on the following optical communications devices is presented: quantum-well semiconductor lasers; distributed feedback laser diodes; wideband, tunable, narrow-linewidth, external-cavity laser diodes, semiconductor and doped-fiber amplifiers; laser-diode-pumped solid state and single-crystal fiber lasers; doped fiber ring lasers, optical modulators; switches; bistable devices; experimental wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems; and time-division photonic switching systems. The most important of these technologies are highlighted with respect to demonstrated achievements in China. The potential uses of these technologies in future telecommunications systems are discussed     

Sri Lanka and Canada: A comparison of telematic policy developments

The Canadian experience, though not wholly relevant to small developing countries like Sri Lanka, may have long term relevance. Canada took the strategic path of developing its telecommunications (including broadcasting) infrastructure as a response to the convergence of technologies and problems of cultural diversity and demographic dispersion. It did not simultaneously provide the impetus for the development of computer products and services which could be demanded by the expanded Canadian telemarket, leading to market penetration by overseas producers. Sri Lanka, despite its low capability in the area of telematics and informatics, does not perceive external penetration to be a threat, because of the relatively underdeveloped telecommunications systems. However, the new technologies have transborder dimensions which must be carefully examined in terms of opportunities and threats presented to a country's industrialization, investment promotion, telecommunications, energy, education and information policies.     

I'll be seeing you [telecommunications services]

The face of telecommunications services for the future is taking shape now. Here, the author predicts that although the development of telecommunications has not been slow, the rapid advance of key technologies, along with increasing competition, will produce conditions in future years closer to revolution than evolution. Market opportunities will be huge and the impact all-pervasive. Besides the obvious benefits for the IT industry, an intelligent broadband network could bring major benefits to all aspects of the UK economy     

Telecommunications and processing for military command and control: Meeting user needs in the twenty-first century

MILITARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS will have to change significantly in order to support future command and control concepts. Highly automated communications systems will be required which must be able to manage themselves at the network level, as well as the internetwork level, if the survivable architectures required by users are going to be developed. Emerging technology in packet switching, internetwork protocols, automated network management, and artificial intelligence will provide the foundations for building such systems. With these technologies, a military telecommunications and processing environment can be evolved that will readily support distributed and hence survivable command and control in the battlefield of the future.