铁系固体超强酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的研究

以铁系固体超强酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,由环己酮和乙二醇合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮.实验发现:自制铁系固体超强酸催化剂具有良好的活性和稳定性.获得较佳工艺条件:n(环己酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.4,m(环己酮)∶m(催化剂)=32.8,v(环己酮)∶v(环已烷)=2.08∶1,反应时间1h,产物收率达86％以上.     

固体超强酸催化合成1-溴代十二烷

以十二醇为主要原料 ,研究与含溴物质反应 ,在固体超强酸催化剂作用下制备 1 溴代十二烷。制备出适于溴代反应的固体超强酸催化剂TiO2 SO4 2 - ;探讨出适于合成 1 溴代十二烷的工艺控制指标 :反应温度 1 0 0～ 1 1 0℃ ,反应时间 8h ,n(C12 H2 5OH)∶n(HBr) =1 .0∶2 .2 ,催化剂 (cat)用量为m(C12 H2 5OH)∶m(cat) =1 .0 0 0∶0 .1 2 5,收率为 80 .0 5%。     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-MoO_3催化合成苹果酸酯-B

以固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 MoO3 为多相催化剂 ,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯和 1,2 丙二醇为原料合成苹果酸酯 B的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 MoO3 是合成苹果酸酯 B的良好催化剂 ,最佳反应条件为∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯 )∶n( 1,2 丙二醇 )为 1∶1.5 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 1.0h ,反应温度 88～ 116℃ ,苹果酸酯 B收率达 74 .0 %。     

铁系固体超强酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的工艺研究

以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料,自制铁系固体超强酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,经酮醇亲核加成反应合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和回流反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。结果表明:铁系固体超强酸具有良好的催化活性,且催化剂可以重复使用6次,催化效果无明显变化。最佳工艺条件为:环己酮20.8 mL(0.20 mol),n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.3,催化剂0.6 g,环己烷10 mL,回流反应1 h,产物收率达92%以上。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成1-溴十二烷

以十二醇和氢溴酸为原料、固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂合成了1 溴十二烷。采用正交实验研究了固体超强酸催化剂的制备条件及反应条件对合成1 溴十二烷的影响。结果表明,固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2的最佳制备条件:硫酸浓度0.5mol/L,浸渍时间0.5h,焙烧温度650℃,焙烧时间2h;合成1 溴十二烷的工艺条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间4h,物料配比n(C12H25OH)∶n(HBr)=1.0∶2.0,m(C12H25OH)∶m(cat)=1.000∶0.150,产品收率72.0%。     

固体超强酸Fe_2O_3/SO_4~(2-)催化合成硝基苯工艺的研究

硝酸铁溶于氨水得到Fe(OH)3后再用硫酸浸泡,经过滤、焙烧制得固体超强酸催化剂Fe2O3/SO42-。以固体超强酸Fe2O3/SO42-为催化剂、苯和硝酸为原料合成硝基苯。通过正交设计考察了不同工艺条件下苯硝化反应的收率影响因素,最佳反应条件为:催化剂活化温度500℃,反应温度75℃,n(硝酸)∶n(苯)=2,m(苯)∶m(催化剂)=20,反应时间3 h,收率达83.9%。     

SO_4~(2-)-TiO_2固体超强酸催化合成环缩酮

制备了SO42 --TiO2 固体超强酸催化剂 ,用Hammett指示剂法测定了其酸强度 ,研究了二元醇类和羰基化合物的环缩合反应 ,并探讨了SO42 --TiO2 固体超强酸活化温度和催化活性之间的关系。选择活化温度 4 5 0～ 5 5 0℃的催化剂、n(羰基化合物 )∶n(二元醇 ) =1 0∶1 1、反应 1 5h的条件时 ,环缩酮收率为 5 0 %～ 99% ,其质量分数为 96 %～ 99%     

固体超强酸催化合成N-苯基吡咯烷酮的研究

采用固定床技术,以SO42-/MxOy型固体超强酸为催化剂,1,4-丁内酯和苯胺反应合成了N-苯基吡咯烷酮(NPP),研究固定床工艺条件对NPP转化率的影响.实验结果表明,以SO42-/MxOy型固体超强酸为催化剂固定床合成NPP的最佳实验条件为n(1,4-丁内酯)∶n(苯胺)=1.2∶1、反应温度为300℃、进料速度为1.2 mL/min,NPP的转化率最高为98.7％.     

SO4^2-／TiO2-WO3催化合成苹果酯-B的研究

制备了固体超强酸SO2 4/TiO2 WO3 催化剂。以SO2 4/TiO2 WO3 为多相催化剂 ,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯和 1,2 丙二醇为原料合成苹果酯 B的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明 :固体超强酸SO2 4/TiO2 WO3 是合成苹果酯 B的良好催化剂 ,最佳反应条件为 :n(乙酰乙酸乙酯 ) :n(1,2 丙二醇 ) =1∶1.5 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 1.0 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 2 .0h ,反应温度 85～ 110℃。在上述条件下 ,苹果酯 B的收率可达 89.4 %。     

固体铁系超强酸催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

报道固体铁系超强酸作为酯化催化剂,催化合成苯甲酸甲酯。其最佳反应条件为:n(醇)∶n(酸)=4∶1,固体超强酸用量为反应物总质量的6%,反应时间4h,酯收率达90.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。