精密离心机主轴回转精度的仿真

首先给出了气体静压轴承承载能力及刚度随偏心量变化曲线;并在此基础上应用动力学仿真软件仿真了静不平衡、主轴铅垂度误差以及二者综合作用下的精密离心机主轴运动模式及其引起的径向回转误差和失准角。研究表明,当静不平衡与回转中心在同一水平面内时,精密离心机主轴做圆柱运动;静不平衡量存在轴向偏移或存在主轴铅垂度误差时,主轴做圆锥运动,并且失准角随静不平衡量和铅垂度误差增大而增大;二者综合作用时主轴做圆锥运动,引起的径向回转误差和失准角由二者共同决定。研究结果有助于验证前人对精密离心机主轴运动模式的理论分析,并计算不同工况下径向回转误差和失准角。     

精密离心机加速度载荷模型研究

分析地球自转及地球引力对精密离心机上加速度计实际承受载荷的影响,得到加速度载荷中的地球自转修正量和地球引力修正量.在此基础上,将静止状态下被测加速度计工作轴向为本地重力加速度方向时的输出值作为基准值,调整转台转速使得旋转状态下加速度计输出值等于基准值,然后用修正的加速度载荷公式计算此状态下的工作半径,并将其作为半径基准对其他旋转状态下的动态工作半径进行测量,进而获得一个与静态工作半径和方位失准角无关的加速度载荷模型.该模型可消除由于加速度计质心位置无法精确定位所带来的静态工作半径和方位失准角测量误差问题,有效提高精密离心机的加速度载荷给定精度.     

基于两步修正法的 MEMS 三轴陀螺仪标定方法

针对目前三轴陀螺仪标定存在依赖于昂贵的转台设备或标定参数不完全的问题,本文提出了一种了基于两步修正法的MEMS三轴陀螺仪标定方法。该方法首先使用六位置法对加速度计12参数模型、三轴陀螺仪比例因子、三轴陀螺仪静态零偏进行标定补偿,然后对三轴陀螺仪非正交误差模型建模,进行系统级标定。两步修正法可实现在无精密设备条件下快速准确的对各项误差进行辨识,获得良好的标定效果。仿真实验表明,本文算法所获得的非正交误差均值接近1%,标准差小于0.1%;比例因子误差均值小于0.14%,标准差小于0.004%,且具有很好的一致性。实际实验表明,65 s纯惯性导航姿态更新结果中,该标定方法的俯仰角误差精度可以达到0.624°,横滚角误差精度可以达到0.67°。     

双轴地磁传感器的参数标定与误差补偿

针对在双轴地磁传感器与卫星组合测量弹丸姿态的系统中双轴地磁传感器容易受外界误差因子干扰的问题,通过分析影响地磁传感器测量精度的误差因子,提出了一种参数标定和基于椭圆旋转的误差补偿算法。首先,假设双轴地磁传感器存在虚拟x轴,对传感器的误差因子进行建模,得到误差补偿模型;其次,对传感器双轴输出表达式中的参数进行标定;对双轴的测量值集合形成的椭圆进行旋转;最后,计算误差补偿模型中的6个参数。三轴无磁转台实验数据分析表明,该方法可以将双轴地磁传感器测量滚转角的误差精度控制在±2°之间,基本满足了弹丸姿态测量的要求。     

双轴倾角传感器姿态角测量的建模与标定

根据双轴倾角传感器的测量原理,建立了姿态角的测量模型。针对该测量模型,分别研究了无误差和误差下的姿态角的求解模型,并通过坐标变换算法,建立了含误差项的姿态角的求解模型。针对该模型的误差项,讨论了双轴倾角传感器姿态角测量的标定算法。在±4°范围内,通过实验对该标定算法进行了验证。实验结果表明,经修正,双轴倾角传感器的双轴标定精度由修正前的0.118°提高到0.012 46°,该标定算法使双轴倾角传感器的标定误差减小了一个数量级。该标定算法简单、快速,可以满足诸多场合对于姿态角测量的0.03°标定精度要求。     

回转进给轴回转运动误差检测系统开发

对于数控机床回转进给轴动态回转精度目前还缺乏有效检测手段,笔者提出了回转进给轴动态回转精度的评价准则并给出了一种基于激光干涉仪的动态回转精度检测系统。该系统以直驱电机作为反转装置驱动元件,以圆光栅作为反转装置位置闭环反馈及角位置检测元件,以激光干涉仪的同步触发功能实现直驱电机转角和激光干涉仪误差数据的同步采集。对圆光栅的误差进行了标定并给出了基于分段三次样条的误差特性描述模型。该系统也适用于回转进给轴静态回转角度的误差检测。     

微型捷联航姿系统误差分析与补偿

针对由三轴磁传感器、三轴加速度计和三轴速率陀螺构成的九轴传感器航姿系统,基于九轴传感器的姿态解算方法,详细分析了传感器的误差来源并建立了与之相适应的误差数学模型;根据传感器自身特点和九轴传感器的测量特点提出了相对应的误差补偿算法。试验结果表明,磁通门传感器的航向角最大误差由补偿前2.6°降低为补偿后0.19°;补偿后加速度计的俯仰角最大误差为0.19°,倾斜角最大误差0.19°;速率陀螺的静态误差补偿在4 min之内航向角误差为±0.2°,俯仰角补偿后误差±0.3°,倾斜角补偿误差±0.3°;当速率小于14.7(°)/s时,动态误差控制在±0.95°。     

6-PUS/UPS并联机构运动学标定理论与实验研究

基于6-PUS/UPS并联机构,首先建立含结构误差的运动学反解模型;使用遗传算法建立其标定模型,通过Matlab编程验证了模型的正确性和有效性;提出了一种利用球杆仪、高度游标卡尺和双轴倾角传感器配合测量动平台位姿的标定方案;最后进行标定实验及误差补偿,提高了该并联机构的精度。     

微航姿系统加计建模及标定

用系统的观点,对由MEMS加速度计构成的三轴测量系统进行分析,建立符合工程实际的微航姿系统加计误差模型,通过给定的标定试验方法解算出各误差模型的常温系数,同时对加计进行温度标定,经软件补偿后使用普通的MEMS传感器,就可有效地将微航姿系统的零位解算精度提高到0.1°以下。     

基于LIBSVM的数控机床热误差建模研究

通过建立数控机床热误差补偿的数学模型是实现机床热误差修正和提高机床精度的有效措施.本文以CL-20A数控车床主轴热变形为实验对象,在大量实验数据的基础上,利用逐步回归分析法找出机床温度敏感点,并采用基于MATLAB平台的支持向量机算法来建立车床主轴热误差数学模型.实验结果表明,所建立的模型能精确把握机床主轴热变形的规律和趋势,对于预测机床主轴热变形,实现实时热补偿具有实用价值.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.