半全局立体匹配算法的改进研究

针对半全局立体匹配中单一 Census 精度不足且边缘区域视差效果较差的问题,提出一种基于颜色差信息 BTCensus 和加入分割约束的半全局匹配算法。首先该算法采用联合三通道 BT 算法和 Census 变换的计算方式实现代价计算,缓解重复纹理歧义并提高不连续区域配精度;同时将图像分割得到的场景信息作为约束对代价聚合函数进行改进,保证割块内部的纹理平滑,提高边界纹理区域的匹配精度;最后引入图像分割信息进行分步中值滤波,平滑视差图。实验表明,该算法在重复纹理区域、视差不连续区域和弱纹理区域都取得了较好的视差效果,可获得高匹配率的视差图。     

基于极线距离变换的人脸立体匹配算法

针对人脸立体匹配中低纹理区域的误匹配率较高的问题,将极线距离变换应用到人脸立体匹配当中。这种变换将图像中像素点的灰度值转化为极线方向上相应区域的位置,使得在低纹理区域中灰度值相似的像素点变得容易区分。因此可以用于提高立体匹配算法在低纹理区域的匹配精度。但是在应用到人脸立体匹配过程中会出现高纹理区域的鲁棒性和精度下降的问题,通过对不同极线长度的极线距离变换结果提取有利的部分进行匹配来解决这一问题。实验结果表明,采用改进后的方法,在人脸的低纹理区域仍然能获得较高的匹配精度,并且降低了计算的复杂度,同时对于人脸中的高纹理区域具有较好的鲁棒性。     

融合多尺度信息的各向异性立体匹配

针对传统立体匹配算法准确率低且在弱纹理区域存在误匹配的问题，提出融合多尺度信息的各向异性立体匹配算法(ASMSI)。首先构造各向异性的匹配代价计算函数，将梯度和相角信息引入代价计算过程中用于剔除弱纹理区域的离群点；随后采用融合多尺度信息十字交叉代价聚合计算每个支持域内的匹配代价；进一步经赢家通吃策略生成初始视差图；在此基础上进行左右一致性检测及后处理得到精修后的视差图；最后通过仿真实验对比图像中非遮挡、深度不连续区域的误匹配率和运行时间来评价算法模型。实验结果表明：所提算法能有效解决弱纹理区域的误匹配问题，使匹配准确率提高了5.02%,能够满足立体匹配过程中高效率、高精度的要求。     

摄影测量中单一纹理的立体匹配方法研究

综合边缘检测、极线几何和立体图像边缘的相关性确定图像的匹配约束和搜索范围,对相应区域进行由粗到精的渐次匹配,通过全局松弛和滤波得到高密度高质量的视差图.实验证明该方法提高了匹配效率,一定程度上消除了单一纹理的影响,所得结果可用于机械零件的三维重建.     

摄影测量中单一纹理的立体匹配方法研究

综合边缘检测、极线几何和立体图像边缘的相关性确定图像的匹配约束和搜索范围,对相应区域进行由粗到精的渐次匹配,通过全局松弛和滤波得到高密度高质量的视差图。实验证明该方法提高了匹配效率,一定程度上消除了单一纹理的影响,所得结果可用于机械零件的三维重建。
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加权支持域硬件友好型立体匹配技术

为了准确获取实际场景中的深度信息,本文通过引入空间距离权重,提出了同时考虑局部区域相似度和接近度的加权支持域立体匹配方法。首先,对输入图像进行滤波,去除图像中的噪声,并通过Mini-Census变换求取Hamming距离。然后,建立加权支持域,求取代价累积;进而通过winner-take-all方法求取最小匹配代价和原始视差图。最后,对原始视差图进行细化处理,得到优化的视差图,并反演出空间的深度分布。实验结果表明,利用该算法在不同光照、不同场景下均能够正确地产生视差图;对标准数据库图片进行处理时,平均错误率仅为6.77%。该算法有效地降低了计算复杂度,具有计算精度高、适应性强、鲁棒性好、便于硬件实现等特点,可为高精度实时立体匹配专用处理硬件的设计和实现提供基础。     

利用平面约束的月球车立体匹配

为了满足月球车视觉系统检测障碍物的时效性和可靠性需求,提出了一种基于平面约束和自适应惩罚参数的半全局立体匹配算法。首先,对极线校正后的两幅图像进行SIFT特征点提取与匹配,同时提取边缘特征;然后,利用匹配的SIFT特征点拟合空间平面,并根据平面估计左右图像所有像素点的视差搜索范围;最后,基于传统的半全局匹配算法,采用自适应惩罚参数对左右图像进行立体匹配。实验结果表明:所提出的算法有效地降低了计算复杂度,其计算复杂度只有传统方法的19.9%,对于视差不连续区域以及遮挡区域都能够获得正确的匹配结果。较传统半全局匹配方法无论在速度还是匹配精度上都得到明显提高,为立体匹配的实际应用奠定了基础。     

利用平面约束的月球车立体匹配方法

为了满足月球车视觉系统对检测障碍物检测的时效性和可靠性的需求,提出了一种基于平面约束和自适应惩罚参数的半全局立体匹配算法。首先,对极线校正后的两幅图像进行SIFT特征点提取与匹配,同时提取边缘特征;然后,利用匹配的SIFT特征点拟合空间平面,并根据平面估计左右图像所有像素点的视差搜索范围;最后,基于传统的半全局匹配算法,采用自适应惩罚参数的策略对左右图像进行立体匹配。实验结果表明：所提出的算法有效地降低了计算复杂度,其计算复杂度只有传统方法的19.9%,对于视差不连续区域以及遮挡区域都能够获得正确的匹配结果。较传统半全局匹配方法无论在速度还是匹配精度上都得到明显提高,为对立体匹配的实际应用奠定了基础。     

利用自适应窗口实现不连续保护立体匹配

摘 要：针对计算机视觉中图像对应点的误匹配问题,提出了一种以扫描线优化为能量最小化框架,以最佳自适应窗口为匹配基元的立体匹配算法。该算法首先采用一种融合亮度和梯度信息的非相似度,然后通过平均匹配误差、匹配误差方差及较大窗口的偏移组成的窗口代价函数选取每个视差的最佳窗口作为匹配基元,并利用扫描线优化法及视差变化伴随亮度变化的约束寻找一条最优的匹配路径,最后通过回溯最佳路径得到稠密的视差图。实验结果表明,所提算法不仅能够保留基于自适应窗口的匹配算法能较好地处理大的低纹理区域和视差不连续区域的优点,而且可以加强相邻匹配基元间的视差连续性,从而获得更平滑、准确的视差图,另外所提算法的计算量比原有算法缩短了约3/ 4 。     

基于动态规划的分层立体匹配算法研究

动态规划是双目立体匹配的经典算法,针对控制点动态规划算法易产生横向条纹以及立体匹配普遍的边缘性和弱纹理区域问题,提出一种基于金字塔分层双向动态规划的改进立体匹配算法。该算法将分层模型加入传统动态规划方法,以低像素层级为高像素层级提供控制点集,并在匹配代价计算中采用一种自适应相关性测度函数,加以匹配代价滤波,提高算法精确度及实时性并获取高精度视差图。以Middlebury标准库中的图片以及实拍图片作为实验对象,实验表明所提出的方法具有较好的性能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.