Optical resolution ability of chiral polymers having camphanediol moieties

Optically active exo-exo-2,3-camphanediol (CPO) ( 3 ) was synthesized from (+)-camphor. Chiral polymers poly(CPO-co-TDI) ( 6 ) and poly(CPO-co-IPDI) ( 7 ) were synthesized by the step polymerization of chiral compound CPO ( 3 ) with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). To investigate the stereo structure of the chiral polymers, two kinds of model compound exo-exo-2,3-di[(phenylamido)oxy]camphane ( 4 ) and exo-exo-2,3-di[(propylamido)oxy]camphane ( 5 ) related to polymers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) were synthesized. Chiroptical characteristics and stereo structures of the chiral polymers were investigated by using circular dichroic spectrometry. The results obtained in this investigation suggest that the chiral polymers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) do not have onehanded helix conformation. Optical resolution ability as chiral adsorbent for high-performance liquid chromatography of the chiral polymers was investigated. It was found that chiral polymers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) are effective for the optical resolution of some racemates.     

Synthesis and characteristics of chiral polymers with camphanediol moieties

Optically active exo,exo-2,3-camphanediol (CPO) was synthesized from (+)-camphor. The chiral polymers poly(CPO-co-TDI) and poly(CPO-co-IPDI) were synthesized by step polymerization of chiral compound CPO with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Effects of solvents, reaction time and temperature on the polymerization were investigated. To investigate the stereo structure of the chiral polymers, two kinds of model compounds, exo-exo-2,3-bornylene N,N′-diphenyldicarbamate and exo,exo-2,3-bornylene N,N′-dipropyldicarbamate, related to the prepared polymers were synthesized. Chiroptical characteristics and stereo structures of the chiral polymers were investigated by using a circular dichroic spectrometer. Effects of temperature and solvents on the specific rotation of the chiral polymers were evaluated. The results obtained in this investigation suggest that the synthesized chiral polymers have no one-handed helix conformation.     

Optical resolution of some racemates by HPLC using chiral polymers having (+)‐5‐oxobornyl moieties

To investigate the stereo coordination effect on the optical resolution, chiral monomer (+)‐5‐oxobornyl methacrylate (OBMA) was synthesized and then polymerized under various conditions. In this work, optical resolution was carried out in the presence of chiral polymers having (+)‐5‐oxobornyl moieties as chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chiral polymer was immobilized on the surface of hydrophobic silica gel, and the chiral recognition ability of the chiral polymers was investigated. Effects of operation temperature and eluent flow rate on the chromatographic resolutions were investigated. The results of optical resolution were compared with those observed in our previous paper using chiral polymers (CSP‐1 and CSP‐2) having 2,3‐dihydroxybornyl moieties as chiral stationary phases. It was found that the recognition ability of poly(OBMA) is greater than those of CSP‐1 and CSP‐2. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 677–682, 1999     

Synthesis of Ferrocene-containing Polyacetylenes by Click Chemistry

Ferrocene-containing polyacetylenes are synthesized in good yields by Cu-catalyzed click reactions of azido moieties of poly[(6-chloro-1-phenyl-1-hexyne)-co-(6-azido-1-phenyl-1-hexyne)] and poly{1-[(4-azidohexyloxy)phenyl]-2-phenylacetylene} with ethynylferrocene. All the organometallic polymers are completely soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, THF and toluene. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that all the azido functional groups have cyclized with ethynylferrocene. With the incorporation of ferrocene rings into the polyacetylene structure, the resulting polymers show enhanced thermal stability and redox activity. This communication is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners and his scientific accomplishments     

Syntheses and optical,electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of polymers with 6-(2-thienyl)-4H-thieno[2,3-b]indole with a variety of electron-deficient units

Conjugated polymers were synthesized and used for polymer solar cells with new electron-rich units, 6-(2-thienyl)-4H-thieno[2,3-b]indole (2-TTI). 2-TTI was coupled with electron-pulling units, including benzothiadiazole and benzimidazole derivatives, to provide push–pull types of conjugated polymers (poly(8-(heptadecan-9-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-8H-thieno[2,3-b]indole)-alt-(2-methyl-5,6-bis(octyloxy)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-benzimidazole) (PTTIDOCF3), poly(8-(heptadecan-9-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-8H-thieno[2,3-b]indole)-alt-(5,6-bis(octyloxy)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PTTIDOBT), poly(8-(heptadecan-9-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-8H-thieno[2,3-b]indole)-alt-(2,2-dimethyl-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzimidazole) (PTTIMBI), and poly(8-(heptadecan-9-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-8H-thieno[2,3-b]indole)-alt-(2,2-dimethyl-5,6-bis(octyloxy)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzimidazole) (PTTIDOMBI)). The synthesized conjugated polymers provided deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels for higher open-circuit voltages (V_OC). The device composed of PTTIDOMBI and [6,6]-Phenyl C₇₁ butyric acid methyl ester PC₇₁BM (1:2) with chloronaphthalene additive showed a V_OC of 0.72 V, a short-circuit current (J_SC) of 9.16 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 0.43; this gave a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.84%. The PTTIDOMBI provided better morphology for enhanced charge transport, and this led to the higher J_SC and PCE of the organic solar cells. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47624.     

Synthesis and antitumour and antiangiogenesis activity of polymers containing methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid

A new monomer, methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid (MTCA), was synthesized from citric acid and methacrylic anhydride. Poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid) and poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid)‐co‐(maleic anhydride) were prepared by radical polymerizations. Terpoly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid–maleic anhydride–furan) was obtained by in situ terpolymerization of MTCA and exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. The synthesized samples were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The number‐average molecular weights of the fractionated polymers determined by GPC were in the range 14 900–16 600 and polydispersity indices were less than 1.14. The in vitro IC₅₀ values of the monomer and polymers against cancer and normal cell lines were much higher than those of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The in vivo antitumour activities of the synthesized samples at a dosage of 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ against mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line decreased in the order terpoly(MTCA‐MAH‐FUR) > poly(MTCA‐co‐MAH) > poly(MTCA) > MTCA > 5‐FU. The synthesized samples inhibited DNA replication and angiogenetic activity more than did 5‐FU. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and polymerization of 3-oxobornyl methacrylate

The new chiral monomer 3-oxobornyl methacrylate (OBMA) was synthesized from (+)-camphor. Homopolymerization of OBMA and copolymerization of OBMA with styrene were carried out in benzene in the presence of AIBN. The effect of concentration, solvent, temperature, and reaction time on the copolymerization were investigated. It was found that the absolute value of the specific rotation of poly(OBMA-co-St) increased by increasing the OBMA unit content. A small deviation from linearity was observed, which suggests that asymmetry is not introduced into the copolymer main chain. Temperature and solvent effects on the specific rotation of the chiral polymers were investigated. The results suggest that chiral polymers contain no helix conformation. Inspecting the spectra of optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, we found that the chiral polymers exhibit a strong negative Cotton Effect around 310 nm. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Biostatic Behavior of Side Chain Charged Polycations and Polymer-Ag Complexes

Summary Poly[(3-methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium)chloride (PMF'TA), and poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (PAPSA) were synthesized by radical polymerization. Three copolymers of (3-methacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid P(MPTA-co-APSA) with different feed monomer mol ratios were also synthesized by radical polymerization. These polymer materials and the commercial poly(vinylpyrro1idone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) quaternized P(VP-co- DMAEM) were purified by ultrafiltration membranes and subsequently their complexes with Ag(I) were prepared. Antibacterial activity of all these polymers, was investigated against Escherichia coli (6538P), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28922), using the National Comittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method [1]. None of these compounds exhibited biocidal or biostatic action against E. coli, and only PMTA and P(VP-co-DMAEM) exhibited some action against S. aureus.     

Syntheses and biological activities of polymers containing methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid or 5‐fluorouracil

A series of novel copolymers, poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic acid) [poly(MTCA‐co‐ETAc)], poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐hydrogenethyl‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalate) [poly(MTCA‐co‐HEET)], and poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐α‐ethoxy‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthaloyl‐5‐fluorouracil) [poly(MTCA‐co‐EETFU)], were prepared from corresponding monomers by photopolymerizations at 25°C for 48 h. The polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopies. The number‐average molecular weights of the fractionated polymers determined by GPC were in the range from 9400 to 14,900 and polydispersity indices were 1.2–1.4. The in vitro IC₅₀ values of polymers against mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) as cancer cell lines and mouse liver cells (AC2F) as a normal cell line were much higher compared to that of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The in vivo antitumor activities of monomers and polymers against mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor cell line were better than those of 5‐FU. The inhibition of DNA replication and antiangiogenesis activities of MTCA and copolymers were better compared to those of 5‐FU. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 57–64, 2004     

Synthesis,conductivity, and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of chiral poly Schiff bases and their silver complexes

Four chiral poly Schiff bases were synthesized via polycondensation between l‐ lysine and p‐benzoquinone, 1,4‐naphthoquinone, dibenzoyl, and 2,3‐butanedione, respectively. Subsequently, the silver coordination polymers of the chiral poly Schiff base were prepared upon silver ions coordinating with the chiral poly Schiff bases. The structures of the polymers were characterized with IR, UV‐vis, GPC, elemental analysis, and optical activity analysis. The properties of polymers were studied through conductivity testing and electromagnetic parameter testing. The results show that they own good electrical conductvities, and the electrical conductivity of chiral poly‐(l‐ lysine(2,3‐butanedione)) Schiff base silver complex can reach 3.7 × 10² S/cm. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of four silver complexes were calculated using transmission line theory, the maximum reflection loss of chiral poly‐(l‐ lysine(p‐benzoquinone)) Schiff base silver complex can reach ?45.9 dB at a thickness of 5 mm, while that of achiral poly‐(dl ‐lysine(p‐benzoquinone)) Schiff base silver complex is ?20.1 dB at a thickness of 5 mm. The enhanced microwave absorbing properties were attributed to the chiral feature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42498.     

Synthesis of chiral polymers containing the acetoxybornyl group and their applications on the asymmetric induction

Optically active 2-endo-actoxy-5-endo-bornyl methacrylate (ABMA) was prepared from (+)-camphor. The homopolymerization of ABMA and copolymerization of ABMA with achiral methyl methacrylate (MMA) or styrene (St) were carried out with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in benzene. Effects of temperature, solvents, and reaction time on the copolymerization were discussed. The monomer reactivity ratios(r₁, r₂) for poly(ABMA-co-MMA) and poly(ABMA-co-St) and Q and e values for the chiral ABMA in the copolymerization systems were evaluated by the Fineman—Ross method. The absolute value of the specific rotation of poly(ABMA-co-MMA) increased with increasing ABMA unit content. A small deviation from linearity was observed, which suggests that asymmetry is not introduced into the copolymer main chain. Temperature and solvent effects on the specific rotation of the chiral homopolymer and copolymers were investigated. The results suggest that the chiral polymers synthesized in this investigation did not show a strong preference for a particular helical conformation. Applications of the chiral polymers on the asymmetric addition of n-butyllithium to aldehydes were also discussed.     

Doped Poly(m-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) (P(mPD-co-ANI)): Synthesis,Characterization, Physical Properties,and Precursor for CuO Nanoparticles

Poly(m-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) P(mPD-co-ANI) and Mn-, Ni-, and Cu-doped poly(m-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) (M-P(mPD-co-ANI)) have been synthesized and characterized. Cu-P(mPD-co-ANI) has been used as a molecular precursor of CuO nanoparticles. The spectral, optical, refractive index, solubility, and thermal properties of the synthesized polymers have been measured and discussed. The optical bandgap (E_g) measurements indicated that Ni(P(mPD-co-ANI)) has wider optical band than the pure (P(mPD-co-ANI)). Calcination of Cu-P(mPD-co-ANI) at 600°C produced (CuO) nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles have been characterized by XRD and TEM. The average size of CuO nanoparticles was found to be 42?nm. The refractive index measurements indicate slight change in the refractive index values of the polymer solution than that of pure solvent. The solubility of the synthesized polymers in ethanol, dimethyl formamide (DMF)–aqueous mixed solvents was found to increase as the mole fractions of both ethanol and DMF increase. The UV spectra of the synthesized polymers in ethanol, DMF–aqueous mixed solvents indicate blueshift and hyperchromic effect.     

pH and thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) copolymer grafted to poly(ethylene glycol)

pH and thermo‐responsive graft copolymers are reported where thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAAm), poly A ], poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐DEA), poly B ], and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐MAA), poly C ] have been installed to benzaldehyde grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) back bone following introducing a pH responsive benzoic‐imine bond. All the prepared graft copolymers for PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm) [ P‐N1 ], PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐DEA) [ P‐N2 ], and PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐MAA) [ P‐N3 ] were characterized by ¹H‐NMR to assure the successful synthesis of the expected polymers. Molecular weight of all synthesized polymers was evaluated following gel permeation chromatography. The lower critical solution temperature of graft copolymers varied significantly when grafted to benzaldehyde containing PEG and after further functionalization of copolymer based poly(NIPAAm). The contact angle experiment showed the changes in hydrophilic/hydrophobic behavior when the polymers were exposed to different pH and temperature. Particle size measurement investigation by dynamic light scattering was performed to rectify thermo and pH responsiveness of all prepared polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION, AND THERMAL STABILITY OF HOMOPOLYMER AND COPOLYMER OF SOME 3-ARYL-2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATES

Three new hydroxypropyl methacrylates having three different aryl rings were synthesized by addition of 2,3-epoxypropyl aromatic hydrocarbon to methacrylic acid. The monomers prepared are 3-phenyl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-tolyl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, (THPMA), and 3-naphtyl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The homopolymers of these monomers and two different copolymers, [poly(THPMA-co-BMA)], were obtained from polymerization at 60°C in 1,4-dioxane solution using AIBN as initiator. All the monomers and the polymers were characterized by FT-IR and ¹H and ¹³C NMR techniques. Solubility parameters of the polymers and average molecular weight of poly(THPMA) were determined. Thermal stabilities of the polymers were given as comparing with each other by using TGA curves. Thermal degradation of poly(THPMA60%-co-BMA40%) was studied in detail.     

UV and corrosion protective behavior of polymer hybrid coating on mild steel

Poly[(pyridine‐4‐yl‐methyl)methacrylate‐co‐butyl methacrylate] [poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA)] and its ZnO nanocomposites [poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA)/ZnO] were coated on the mild steel substrate (MS) to improve the corrosion resistance by blocking the destructive ultraviolet radiation (UV‐radiation) and corrosive ions as well. The optical and anticorrosive properties of poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA) and poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA)/ZnO (1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 wt %) coatings were evaluated. The surface characterization techniques like UV visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were taken to confirm the formation of poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA) and poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA)/ZnO (2.5 wt %) coating on MS. The optical studies revealed that the poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA)/ZnO (2.5 wt %) coating displays excellent UV blocking properties than other nanocomposite coatings (1.0 and 1.5 wt %). The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies show that the poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA) and poly(PyMMA‐co‐BMA)/ZnO (1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 wt %) coated MS in 3.5% (w/v) NaCl provides better protection against corrosion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46175.     

Synthesis of a chiral stationary phase with poly[styrene‐b‐cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)] by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its chiral resolution efficiency

A chiral stationary phase (CSP) with poly[styrene‐b‐cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)] was synthesized by the surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) of cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐6‐acrylate after the SI‐ATRP of styrene on the surface of silicon dioxide supports in pyridine. The successful preparation of the CSP with poly[styrene‐b‐cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)] was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. The applicability for the chiral resolution of the CSP with poly[styrene‐b‐cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐diphenylcarbamate)] was evaluated with high‐performance liquid chromatography with 10 racemates under various mobile phases of hexane/alcohol, hexane/tetrahydrofuran (THF), and hexane/chloroform. The results show that the CSP with poly[styrene‐b‐cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐diphenylcarbamate)] could be used in THF and chloroform as eluents. The chiral resolutions of the commercial Chiracel OD, the CSP with cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarabmate), and the CSP with poly[styrene‐b‐cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)] prepared by SI‐ATRP were examined. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Ultrathin Films from Fluorine Containing Polymers: Fabrication and Characterization

Monolayers and ultrathin films of some fluorine containing polymers were prepared by the Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique. The polymers were obtained using two main synthetic approaches: firstly, polyamide (PA‐1) and polyimide (PI‐1) were prepared from direct polycondensation of 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride and 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidenedianiline in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for PI‐1 yielded 580°C by 1% weight loss. They formed stable monolayers with a collapse pressure of 62 mN/m and a collapse area of 0.20 nm² per repeat unit (R.U.) in the case of PA‐1, for PI‐1 the collapse pressure was 60 mN/m associated with a collapse area of 0.23 nm² per R.U. Secondly, poly[(maleic acid perfluorooctylamide‐imide)‐co‐ethylene] (PAPE) with fluorinated side chains was synthesized from poly[(maleic anhydride)‐co‐ethylene]. They formed stable monolayers too. Multilayer depositions onto various substrates were possible for all the synthesized polymers. LB films were characterized by ultra‐violet/visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), dielectric spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gas phase polymerization of tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate (TFPM) was carried out in the presence of macroinitiator, poly[octadecene‐co‐(maleic anhydride)] modified with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide. Film thickness could be controlled on different hydrophobic substrates varying the reaction time.     

Design of hemocompatible poly(DMAEMA‐co‐PEGMA) hydrogels for controlled release of insulin

This works aims at (i) studying the antiadhesive properties and the hemocompatibility of poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐co‐poly[(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] [poly(DMAEMA‐co‐PEGMA)] copolymers and (ii) investigating the insulin delivery kinetics through hydrogels at physiological pH. A series of poly(DMAEMA‐co‐PEGMA) hydrogels have been synthesized, and their controlled composition was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, antibiofouling properties of hydrogels—fibrinogen, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes adhesion—are correlated to their molecular compositions through their hydrophilic properties. As DMAEMA/PEGMA ratio of 70/30 (D70) offers the best compromise between pH sensitivity and hemocompatibility, it is selected for investigating the kinetic rate of insulin release at physiological pH, and the diffusion coefficient of insulin in gel is found to be 0.64 × 10^?7 cm² s^?1. Overall, this study unveils that poly(DMAEMA‐co‐PEGMA) copolymers are promising hemocompatible materials for drug delivery systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42365.     

Syntheses and Biological Activities of Polymers Containing 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine

The new monomer, 5′-O-methacryloyl-3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (MAZT), was synthesized by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT). Poly(MAZT) and copolymers of MAZT with vinyl acetate (VAc) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were synthesized by radical polymerizations. The synthesized MAZT and polymers were identified by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The quantities of MAZT units in poly(MAZT-co-VAc) and poly(MAZT-co-MAH) were 45 and 27 mol%, respectively. The weight average molecular weights of the polymers synthesized were in the range from 8800 to 17600. The in vitro cytotoxicities of samples against K562 human leukaemia cell line at 100 μg ml^-1 decreased in the following order: poly(MAZT-co-MAH) > poly(MAZT-co-VAc) > poly(MAZT) > MAZT > AZT. The in vivo anti-tumour activities of the polymers synthesized against Balb/C mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumour cells were greater than those of 5-fluorouracil at all concentrations.     

Poly(2‐alkyloyloxyethylacrylate) and poly(2‐alkyloyloxyethylacrylate‐co‐methylacrylate) comblike polymers as novel phase‐change materials for thermal energy storage

A series of poly(2‐alkyloyloxyethylacrylate) and poly(2‐alkyloyloxyethylacrylate‐co‐methylacrylate) polymers as novel polymeric phase‐change materials (PCMs) were synthesized starting from 2‐hydroxyethylacrylate and fatty acids. The chemical structure and crystalline morphology of the synthesized copolymers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy and polarized optical microscopy, respectively, and their thermal energy storage properties and thermal stability were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The thermal conductivities of the PCMs were also measured with a thermal property analyzer. Moreover, thermal cycling testing showed that the copolymers had good thermal reliability and chemical stability after they were subjected to 1000 heating/cooling cycles. The synthesized poly(2‐alkyloyloxyethylacrylate) polymers and poly(2‐alkyloyloxyethylacrylate‐co‐methylacrylate) copolymers as novel PCMs have considerable potential for thermal energy storage and temperature‐control applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012