Influence of Sulfur Content on the Corrosion Resistance of 17-4PH Stainless Steel

According to specification standards, the basic chemical composition of steel 17-4PH for special and critical applications is 15-17% Cr, 3.0-5.0% Ni, 3.0-5.0% Cu, 0.07% C (max) and 0.15-0.45% (Nb + Ta) (wt.%). The maximum sulfur content is 0.030%. However, as it will be shown in this work, this maximum limit for sulfur is too high for services where high corrosion resistance is necessary. Two samples of 17-4PH steel with similar base compositions, but quite different sulfur contents (0.027% and 0.001%S), were compared with respect to pitting corrosion and sensitization. Both materials were heat treated according to commercial treatments A, H900, H1100, H1150 and H1150D (ASTM A-1082). Two corrosion tests were applied to compare the steels. The first one was the double-loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) test in 0.25 M H₂SO₄ + 0.01 KSCN solution, which is used to measure the degree of sensitization. The second test was the anodic polarization in 3.5%NaCl solution, commonly used to evaluate the pitting corrosion resistance. Detailed microstructural characterization by magnetic measurements, light optical and scanning electron microscopy was performed. As main conclusion, despite that both steels have chemical compositions in accordance with the standards, the steel with higher sulfur was much more susceptible to pitting and sensitization.     

The corrosion and corrosion-wear behaviour of plasma nitrided 17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel

Plasma surface nitriding of 17-4 PH martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steels was conducted at 350 °C, 420 °C and 500 °C for 10 h using a DC plasma nitriding unit, and the surface properties of the plasma surface engineered samples were systematically evaluated. Experimental results have shown that the surface properties of the plasma nitrided layers in terms of hardness, wear resistance, corrosion behaviour and corrosion-wear resistance are highly process condition dependent, and it is feasible to provide considerable improvement in wear, corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance of 17-4PH steel using optimised plasma treatment conditions. All three treatments can effectively improve the surface hardness and the sliding wear resistance under unlubricated conditions; high temperature (420 °C and 500 °C) treated materials revealed improved corrosion and corrosion-wear properties due to the formation of surface compound layers.     

17-4PH不锈钢离子渗氮工艺

采用正交试验对17—4PH沉淀硬化不锈钢离子渗氮的工艺和显微组织进行了研究。结果表明,影响工件表面结构和性能的主要因素是离子渗氮温度和保温时间。当渗氮温度由480℃升高到560℃保温5h,硬度则由514HV0．1增高到1290HV0．1;在520℃下渗氮,时间从3h延长到7h后,表面硬度由814HV0．1增高到1290HV0．1。     

17-4PH不锈钢热处理工艺

介绍了不同的热处理工艺对17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢力学性能及组织的影响,对其沉淀硬化机理进行了总结和探讨。17-4PH不锈钢兼有强度高、耐蚀性好的优点。传统的工艺为固溶+时效处理,普遍采用的固溶温度为1040℃,随着时效温度的提高和时效时间的延长,其强度和硬度升高,塑韧性降低。在传统工艺的基础上,增加调整处理,可以细化马氏体基体组织,提高材料的韧性及耐蚀性。对于17-4PH钢的强化机理,普遍认为与ε-Cu的析出有关,但对于其形貌的分析不尽相同。     

17-4PH不锈钢的析氢行为

采用电化学测试的方法评价了两种强度的17-4PH不锈钢在海水中的阴极极化行为;采用充氢试验研究了两种强度的17-4PH不锈钢在-1.1V(SCE,下同)电位下阴极极化15d后的含氢量;采用慢应变速率试验研究了两种强度17-4PH不锈钢在充氢后的氢脆系数。结果表明:两种强度的17-4PH不锈钢在海水中的析氢转变电位均在-0.90V左右;低强度不锈钢的氢质量分数约为2.55×10~(-4)%,而高强度不锈钢的氢质量分数则高达6.84×10~(-4)%;试样充氢后,高强度不锈钢的脆性明显增加,而低强度不锈钢的脆性增加不明显,高强度不锈钢的氢脆系数远超过25%,此时材料已存在氢脆危险,而低强度不锈钢的氢脆系数约为18%左右,尚处于氢脆安全区。     

17-7PH不锈钢在海洋大气环境下的外层接触腐蚀问题研究

腐蚀问题对金属材料的实际应用具有很大影响。以海上大型景观雕塑型建筑用17-7PH不锈钢为研究对象,对其进行不同的表面处理后和TC18钛合金以不同连接方式接触,置于不同海洋环境下暴晒,然后测其疲劳寿命,观察分析其腐蚀形貌以及腐蚀产物。最后得到结论,涂漆能够有效防止17-7PH不锈钢被腐蚀,胶结装配能够有效地抑制腐蚀反应,改善材料的抗腐蚀性能。该研究为17-7PH不锈钢的海上腐蚀研究应用提供了有用参考。     

海洋大气环境下建筑用17-7PH不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

研究了海洋大气环境下建筑用不锈钢17-7PH的腐蚀行为。结果表明,涂漆能够有效预防17-7PH不锈钢的大气腐蚀。17-7PH不锈钢具有良好的抗点蚀能力和抗晶间腐蚀能力,不涂漆直接使用也是可行的。     

17-4PH不锈钢拉杆失效分析

某安装工程中作为承力构件的17-4PH不锈钢拉杆在使用过程中发生断裂,对失效拉杆进行化学成分分析、断口形貌和金相组织观察以及力学性能测试,并与完好拉杆进行了对比分析。结果表明：不锈钢拉杆是在腐蚀及应力的共同作用下发生了应力腐蚀断裂;由于热处理不当,导致失效拉杆中块状δ-铁素体的大量存在,时效过程中晶界上碳化物的析出造成材料抗腐蚀能力下降,以及材质＂硬脆＂共同导致拉杆发生断裂。     

Intergranular corrosion resistance of nickel-based alloy 690 weldments

This study focused on the temperature distributions and thermal histories of alloy 690 weldments, as well as the residual stress, grain boundary character distribution, degree of sensitization, and carbide precipitation, to evaluate the combined effects of these factors on the intergranular corrosion resistance of the weldments. Both laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding were performed for comparison. The results show that laser beam welding, with its narrower temperature distribution and rapid heating/cooling, resulted in more low energy Σ (1 ≦ Σ ≦ 9) boundaries, lower residual stress, and considerable suppression of Cr₂₃C₆ carbide formation. Therefore, laser weldment had a low degree of sensitization, and thus the intergranular corrosion resistance was significantly improved.     

Environmental cracking behaviour of the Precipitation hardened stainless steel, 17-4 PH,under applied potential

The main aim of the work was to study the effect of applied potentials (both cathodic and anodic) on the environmental cracking behaviour of 17-4 PH stainless steel material. For this a 1.5 mm thick 17-4 PH sheet was taken and subjected to 1. solutionising (1050 °C, 45 min, air cooled) and 2. solutionising followed by aging treatments. Aging was carried out at 480 °C for 1 hr, 510 °C for 4 hrs and over aging at 550 °C for 2 hrs and 600 °C for 4 hrs. U-bend samples were made according to ASTM standard G30-79 for environmental cracking studies. Samples were tested in 3.5%, NaCl solution (pH = 2.0) under various applied potentials and the failure time at each potential was noted. Fractography was done using scanning electron microscope. Under the open circuit potentials both the solution treated samples and the over aged samples were found to be highly resistant to environmental cracking while the peak aged samples were found to be inferior. Under highly cathodic potentials, the over aged samples exhibited relatively better resistance than the other samples. At relatively less cathodic potentials, the solution treated samples, too, had better resistance. The peak aged samples failed very quickly by the application of cathodic potentials whether highly cathodic or not. Under the anodic potentials, the solution treated samples exhibited better resistance to cracking. Active path dissolution was found to be operative under anodic potentials while hydrogen absorption under cathodic potentials.     

17-4PH不锈钢离子渗氮工艺研究

研究了17- 4PH马氏体沉淀硬化型不锈钢的离子渗氮工艺.结果表明,当离子渗氮温度为500℃,N2:H2=1:3时,17- 4PH马氏体不锈钢的渗层表面硬度可达1324 HV0.1,渗氮层深度为0.12mm,基体硬度达到38.3 HRC.     

TiC弥散强化17-4PH钢的显微组织和性能

采用熔铸过程中的原位反应合成工艺方法,制备了TiC弥散强化17-4PH。实验结果表明,弥散强化钢中的TiC呈球状形貌,且分布均匀,没有出现团聚现象;颗粒尺寸为3-5μm。在17-4PH不锈钢基中引入TiC颗粒后,看不到明显的马氏体,而且在奥氏体晶界上发现有δ铁素体条存在。在油润滑条件下,弥散强化钢的耐磨损性能比基体合金高3倍。     

17-4PH不锈钢转子热处理工艺的研究

研究了在高酸性环境及盐水环境下工作的螺杆钻具的马达转子(17-4PH材料)热处理工艺,给出了满足产品质量要求的热处理上艺和适合的装夹方式,并在生产中得到应用.     

17-4PH钢脉冲等离子体稀土氮碳共渗研究

基于XRD、OM、STM、TEM分析与显微硬度和磨损测试研究了17-4PH钢在500℃有无稀土添加时脉冲等离子体氮碳共渗动力学、渗层的组织结构和性能。结果表明,添加稀土不改变共渗层的表面相结构,但提高了渗层中γ-Fe4N相的比例,使表面氮浓度提高7％,渗层深度最大可增加55％,表层显微硬度提高100～200HV;无稀土添加共渗层在抛光研磨过程中发生了粘着磨损;此外,在渗层中观察到了位错、层错等晶体缺陷。     

17-4PH不锈钢磁粉检测中出现的问题分析

根据需方提出的标准要求,对某系列17-4PH不锈钢材质的军用产品进行磁粉检验时,检测出很多超标缺陷。通过分析发现,这些线性显示是由于成分和组织偏析所致,此类伪缺陷可以通过热处理方式来消除,也可以通过在生产中改变浇注系统或改善散热条件的方式来避免。联系17-4PH不锈钢工件中出现的线性显示,笔者对影响磁粉检测可靠性的因素进行了探讨,以期对同种材料磁粉检测中出现的类似缺陷提供参考。     

沿海大气环境下17-7PH不锈钢的接触腐蚀行为研究

研究了17-7PH不锈钢在沿海大气环境下的接触腐蚀行为。结果表明,在秦皇岛和广东暴晒的17-7PH型不锈钢,无论装配与否,都没有出现显著的腐蚀。而且胶结装配方式不会降低材料的疲劳寿命。涂漆可有效防止17-7PH型不锈钢的电偶腐蚀及大气腐蚀。     

热处理工艺对17-4PH钢滞后性能的影响

采用电阻应变计传感器设计原理,研究热处理工艺对17-4PH钢滞后特性影响,通过透射电镜、内耗测试等技术分析了热处理影响17-4PH钢滞后的原因,并探讨了滞后形成机理.结果表明,随应变增加,17-4PH钢模量亏损、内耗和滞后变大;提高强度和时效前的深冷处理能降低17-4PH钢滞后;滞弹性和微区形变引起17-4PH钢滞后.     

Pitting corrosion of cold rolled solution treated 17-4 PH stainless steel

In the present paper the effects the of cold rolling on pitting corrosion of 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated. In order to clarify the effect of cold rolling the metastable pitting has been examined in more details. The results presented show that cold rolling increases the dissolution rate of metastable pitting in a manner which facilitates the transition from metastable to stable pitting. On the other hand, the frequency of occurrence of metastable pits decreases with cold working. In overall, cold rolling has no significant effect on pitting potential.     

Weldability of 17-4PH stainless steel in overaged heat treated condition

Abstract

Studies on the weldability of 17-4PH stainless steel, in the 621°C overaged condition, showed that Cr_eq/Ni_eq ratio higher than 1·5 resulted in primary ferritic mode of solidification in the weld metal. Post-weld aging treatment at 482°C enhanced the strength of the weld joint with corresponding reduction in impact toughness of the weld metal while post-weld aging at 621°C caused marginal reduction in strength of the weld joint with significant increase in impact toughness of the weld metal.     

17-4PH钢等离子体稀土氮碳共渗层的组织结构和性能

利用OM、XRD、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机研究了17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢在500 ℃脉冲等离子体稀土氮碳共渗层的组织结构和性能.结果表明,稀土添加使共渗层致密;共渗层主要由α'、ε-Fe3N、γ'-Fe4N及CrN组成;添加稀土或减小氮氢比,渗层中ε-Fe3N相的比例降低.表面形貌SEM观察和EDS成分分析结果表明,共渗表面主要由弥散分布的(Fe,Cr)xNy化合物颗粒、颗粒团和颗粒团簇,以及少量"柱状"生长的γ'-Fe4N相组成;当氮氢比为1:6时,稀土氮碳共渗层表面硬度可达1580 HV0.1.随磨损时间延长,稀土添加较无稀土添加的共渗层摩擦系数变化较小.