NiCoCrAlY/NiCoCrAlYN涂层的腐蚀磨损行为

目的在中碳钢表面制备金属+氮化物涂层以研究其在腐蚀、磨损耦合环境下的服役行为。方法利用电弧离子镀技术在42CrMo钢基体表面制备NiCoCrAlY/NiCoCrAlYN双层涂层,通过改变氮气流量来调控涂层中氮元素含量。采用显微硬度计以及特制的腐蚀磨损试验机,同时结合XRD、XPS、SEM等各类表征技术研究涂层力学及腐蚀磨损行为。结果NiCoCrAlYN涂层物相主要为γ-Ni、γ'-Ni₃Al、fcc-CrN和fcc-AlN。随着N₂流量的逐步引入,涂层中CrN/AlN陶瓷相含量增加,显微硬度从575HV_0.05逐渐提升至730HV_0.05,而结合力等级从HF 2下降至HF 3。NiCoCrAlY/NiCoCrAlYN双层涂层比NiCoCrAlY单层涂层具有更佳的腐蚀磨损性能,且随着N含量的增加而显著提升。当N2流量为400 mL/min时,涂层显示出最佳的腐蚀磨损性能。此外,涂层的失效形式也由磨损失效逐渐转变为腐蚀失效。结论由于氮化物表层的高硬度特性增强了涂层耐磨性,NiCoCrAlY-NiCoCrAlYN界面的阻挡作用提高了涂层耐蚀性,加之底部NiCoCrAlY层具有良好的韧性和延展性,三者的综合作用导致NiCoCrAlY/NiCoCrAlYN双层涂层的腐蚀磨损性能优于NiCoCrAlY单层涂层。     

Characteristics of arc plasma deposited TiAlZrCN coatings

TiAlZrCN superhard coatings, in which Ti and Al were additions to ZrCN base compound, were prepared by the cathodic arc method. The films were deposited on Si, plain carbon steel and high-speed steel substrates in a mixture of N₂ and CH₄ gases. Elemental and phase composition, chemical bondings, texture, surface roughness, hardness, adhesion, tribological characteristics and erosive–corrosive resistance were investigates as a function of gas composition and total gas flow rate, using XPS, GDOES and XRD techniques, surface profilometry, microhardness and scratch adhesion measurements, tribological and erosive tests. It was shown that the properties and performance of the coatings were strongly dependent on the CH₄/(CH₄ + N₂) flow rate and also on the total gas flow. The tribological and anti-erosive characteristics of the TiAlZrCN coatings were found to be superior to those of reference films (ZrN, ZrC, ZrCN, and TiAlCN). Maximum hardness values (42–45 GPa) were obtained for the films prepared at CH₄/(CH₄ + N₂) ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.4.     

Deposition of thick TiAlN coatings on 2024 Al/SiCp substrate by Arc ion plating

Aluminum-matrix composites with particulate SiC ceramic reinforcements (Al/SiC_p) have received much attention for space and aircraft propulsion applications. It is imperative to deposit thick hard coatings on these composites for protection. TiAlN coatings with a Ti interlayer were deposited by arc ion plating (AIP) on 2024 Al/SiC_p substrates at various nitrogen flow rates. It was found that when the nitrogen flow rate is increased from 100 sccm to 250 sccm, the deposition rate decreases, the coating hardness increases and the adhesion strength decreases. Based on the above results and the principle of gradient materials, the thick gradient TiAlN coatings with a Ti interlayer were successfully deposited on a 2024 Al/SiC_p substrate to a thickness of 60 μm by continuously increasing the nitrogen flow rate during deposition. Such an achievement can be attributed to the gradient distribution of elements, hardness, and stresses across the coating thickness.     

Characterisation and tribological evaluation of nitrogen-containing molybdenum–copper PVD metallic nanocomposite films

This paper reports on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of molybdenum–copper nanocomposite films ‘doped’ with small amounts of nitrogen, which contain either no nitride phase (i.e. the nitrogen is held in interstitial solid solution, mainly in molybdenum) or small amounts of lower nitrides (i.e. Mo₂N). All films were deposited on Si wafers, AISI M2 high speed steel and AISI 316 stainless steel by reactive sputtering using a hot-filament-enhanced dc unbalanced magnetron system. A systematic approach was adopted to investigate the evolution of metal/metal and ceramic/metal phase combinations with increasing nitrogen content (up to 40 at.% N) in the film. Coating composition and microstructure were determined by cross-sectional TEM, SEM and XPS. XRD was used to identify (where possible) metallic and metal-nitride phases. Mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus were determined by low load Knoop and instrumented Vickers indentation measurements. Reciprocating sliding, micro-abrasion and impact tests were performed to assess tribological performance.

It was found that increasing the nitrogen gas flow rate from 0 to 15 sccm (and therefore nitrogen content in the film from 0 to 24 at.% N), refined significantly the coating microstructure from columnar to a dense and more equiaxed morphology, increasing the hardness whilst maintaining (almost constant) elastic modulus values, close to that of molybdenum metal. Further increases in the nitrogen gas flow rate resulted in films that appeared to contain significant fractions of the Mo₂N ceramic phase. SEM and cross-sectional TEM analyses of the film deposited at a nitrogen flow rate of 20 sccm (containing 36 at.% N) demonstrated a microstructure consisting of 50–100 nm wide columns, which contain small regions of contrast in dark-field images, of the order of 3–5 nm wide. A maximum hardness of 32 GPa and the highest hardness/modulus ratio was however found in the (predominantly metallic) film deposited at a nitrogen gas flow rate of 15 sccm. This film also performed best in both micro-abrasion and impact wear tests; in contrast, the ‘ceramic’ film (deposited at 20 sccm nitrogen flow rate) performed better in reciprocating sliding wear.     

SiC颗粒尺寸对镍基复合镀层耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响

在正交实验基础上,对比研究微米SiC(平均粒径1.5 μm)和纳米SiC(平均粒径20 nm)增强复合镍基镀层的摩擦磨损行为和耐腐蚀性能.通过TEM、SEM、EDX和XRD等手段研究颗粒分散状态以及复合镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分及相结构.采用球-盘滑动摩擦磨损试验机研究复合镀层的耐磨性.电化学阻抗谱测量在3.5%的NaCl水溶液中进行.结果表明:微米级颗粒增强复合镀层可以获得更高的表面硬度,两种增强复合镀层具有相似的摩擦磨损行为.电化学阻抗谱分析表明:SiC颗粒的加入可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性,且纳米颗粒复合镀层具有更好的耐蚀性.     

(Ti,Al)N涂层应力沿层深分布的调整及大厚度涂层的制备

利用电弧离子镀技术在不锈钢基体上制备了（Ti,Al）N涂层,研究了N₂分压改变对涂层残余应力沿层深分布及相关力学性能的影响.结果表明,低N₂分压下,（Ti,Al）N涂层残余应力沿层深分布较均匀,随N₂分压的增加,涂层应力沿层深呈"钟罩型"分布,且全膜厚的应力值也明显增大;通过对涂层生长结构及微观成分分析,初步探讨了应力分布机理.随N₂分压的增加,涂层硬度会显著增加,而膜/基结合力则大幅下降;采用改变N₂分压工艺制备（Ti,Al）N涂层,可有效调整涂层残余应力沿层深分布趋势,改善其力学性能,并可成功制备厚度在130μm以上的硬质涂层.     

还原性气氛制备Zr-B-N纳米复合涂层的结构及性能分析

目的 制备高纯度、超硬、高耐磨的Zr-B-N纳米复合涂层。方法 在反应气体中掺入还原性气体H2,利用氢元素强还原性去除真空室以及反应气氛中残留的O杂质,采用脉冲直流磁控溅射技术,通过调节N2+H2混合气体流量制备高纯度Zr-B-N涂层。利用扫描电镜、纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等设备对涂层的微观结构、力学性能和摩擦性能进行测试,并分析其变化机理。结果 随着N2+H2流量的增加,Zr-B-N涂层内N含量在N2+H2流量为10 mL/min时达到最高。从截面形貌可以看出,涂层结构由粗大的柱状晶逐步转变为玻璃状细小柱状晶结构,涂层更加致密,呈现典型的纳米复合结构。微量H元素的掺入,减少了涂层制备过程中O相关化学键的生成,制备出的Zr-B-N涂层晶粒的生长环境得到改善。在N2+H2流量为 10 mL/min时,涂层的硬度和弹性模量达到最大值40.26 GPa和532.98 GPa,临界载荷最大约为60.1 N,摩擦系数较小,为0.72,磨损率在此时最低,为1.12×10^–5mm³/(N.m)。结论 当N2+H2流量为10 mL/min时,制备出了超硬Zr-B-N纳米复合涂层。适量氢元素的掺入,充分去除真空室内氧杂质,改善了涂层中晶粒的生长环境,有效地提高涂层的硬度及摩擦磨损性能。     

Effect of N2 flow on low carbon TiAlNC coatings

TiAlNC coatings were prepared under various N₂ flows by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. The composition, microstructure and hardness of TiAlNC coatings were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and micro Vicker tester. By increasing the N₂ flow, the Al/Ti ratio and the nitrogen content of the coatings increased. It was found that hexagonal AlN phase precipitated under relatively high N₂ flow (e.g. 8 sccm). The increase in the N₂ flow also changed the preferred orientation of fcc Ti(Al)N(C) phase from random to [111], and then to [200]. The coating deposited at low N₂ flow (e.g. 2 sccm) exhibited [111] preferred orientation with porous structure and relatively low hardness. However, when the N₂ flow was relatively high (e.g. 8 sccm), the hcp AlN phase precipitation and N₂-induced grain refinement resulted in a denser multiphase structure, which improved the hardness and toughness of the TiAlNC coating.     

激光熔覆AlxNbMn2FeMoTi0.5高熵合金涂层的组织与性能

使用激光熔覆技术在Q235钢基体上制备Al_xNbMn₂FeMoTi_0.5高熵合金涂层,期望借此提高干切削技术适用刀具表层的硬度和耐磨性。经过初步筛选之后,主要研究了Al_xNbMn₂FeMoTi_0.5(x=1、1.5、2)高熵合金涂层体系,并采用XRD和3D激光扫描成像等手段分析了不同Al含量的Al_xNbMn₂FeMoTi_0.5合金涂层的晶相结构、显微组织和具体元素分布。结果显示,对于Al_xNbMn₂FeMoTi_0.5高熵合金涂层,随着Al含量的增加,涂层的相结构由单一的BCC相逐渐转变为双相BCC结构,晶粒逐渐细化。当x=2时,Al_xNbMn₂FeMoTi_0.5高熵合金涂层硬度最高,平均为1089.6 HV0.3,大约为基材的5倍,且其具有最优的耐磨损性能。x=1.5时,Al_xNbMn₂FeMoTi_0.5高熵合金涂层的自腐蚀电位最高,自腐蚀电流密度最小,耐腐蚀性最好。     

Effect of plasma surface treatment on mechanical and corrosion protection properties of UV-curable sol-gel based GPTS-ZrO2 coatings on mild steel

Hybrid sol-gel based nanocomposite coatings derived from hydrolysis and condensation of a photopolymerizable silane precursor 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane in combination with zirconium-n-propoxide were deposited on mild steel substrates by a dip coating technique. In some cases, substrates were subjected to an atmospheric air-plasma surface pre-treatment prior to coating deposition. The coatings were subsequently densified by exposure to ultraviolet radiation followed by a thermal treatment at 250 °C. Characterization of the coatings with respect to thickness, water contact angle, pencil scratch hardness, adhesion and abrasion resistance was carried out. Corrosion testing was carried out on the coatings for a 1 h exposure to a 3.5% NaCl solution by electrochemical polarization and impedance measurements. The hybrid sol-gel coatings were found to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of mild steel. Plasma surface pre-treatment was found to improve the adhesion of coatings significantly and decreased the corrosion rate from 0.2652 mpy obtained for coatings without any surface pre-treatment to 0.0015 mpy, which was nearly 600 times lower than that of bare mild steel.     

掺杂镍对镁合金表面冷喷涂锌基涂层性能的影响

目的研究镍添加对冷喷涂锌基涂层耐蚀性的影响,为镁合金提供有效的防护涂层。方法采用低压冷喷涂技术在镁合金基体表面分别制备锌基和锌/镍基复合涂层,通过微观观察、摩擦磨损实验、电化学极化法和电化学阻抗谱测试及全浸泡腐蚀试验,研究镁合金表面冷喷涂涂层的结构、摩擦磨损行为和耐蚀性。结果镁合金表面冷喷涂锌基涂层后,其硬度和耐磨性得到显著提高,掺镍后的锌/镍基涂层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性。锌基和锌/镍基涂层均能为镁合金提供腐蚀防护,锌/镍基涂层比锌基涂层具有更好的耐蚀性。相对镁合金来说,锌基涂层和锌/镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位分别正移了260 mV和560 mV;长期腐蚀后锌/镍基涂层形成了更致密的腐蚀产物膜,腐蚀电阻显著高于锌基涂层。结论冷喷涂锌基和锌/镍复合涂层均能对镁合金提供防护作用,掺杂镍后的锌/镍基复合涂层具有更高的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

Mechanical and tribological properties of TiCxN1−x wear resistant coatings

The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties of TiC_xN_1−x wear resistant coatings grown on a Ti–0.2 Pd alloy substrate. Films were deposited by dual ion beam sputtering (DIBS) system with different proportions of N₂ and Ar in the assisting beam. The friction tests have been carried out with a pin-on-disc tribometer with different applied loads. The films present high hardness and elastic properties whose values depend upon preparation conditions. The mechanical properties and the tribological behaviour of the coatings seem to depend on their stoichiometry and microstructure. The coating TiC_0.5N_0.5 shows less hardness and better wear resistance than the coating with stoichiometry TiC_0.15N_0.85. The influence of the stoichiometry and the local structure of the films on its mechanical properties have been ruled out.     

Structure-property relations in ZrCN coatings for tribological applications

ZrCN coatings were deposited by dc reactive magnetron sputtering with N₂ flows ranging from 2 to 10 sccm in order to investigate the influence of the nitrogen incorporation on structure and properties. Information about the chemical composition was obtained by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The evolution of the crystal structure studied by X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of a face-centred cubic ZrCN phase for N₂ flows greater than 4 sccm. Additionally, the presence of an amorphous phase in the coatings deposited with the highest N₂ flows could be evidenced by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This phase can act as a lubricant resulting in a low coefficient of friction as shown in the conducted ball-on-disc tests. Nanoindentation measurements showed that coatings deposited with a 6 sccm N₂ flow had the maximum hardness which also revealed the best performance in the conducted dry cutting tests.     

Effect of AlN Thickness on Structure and Properties of AlN/Al Dual Protective Coatings on NdFeB by DC Magnetron Sputtering

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of NdFeB,AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus.The inner Al layer with an excellent toughness was deposited onto NdFeB substrate firstly.And then the outmost AlN layer with a higher hardness was prepared with the nitrogen/argon mixture gas of the nitrogen partial pressure at 50%of the total pressure of 0.5 Pa and depositing time of 30,50 and 70 min,respectively.The denser outmost AlN layer was formed on the inner Al crystal layer.There is an occurrence of the interfacial reaction and metallurgy bonding in the interface layer between the coatings and NdFeB substrate.It has been found that the thickness of outmost AlN layer has a significant impact on corrosion resistance.For 50 min to deposit outmost AlN layer,AlN/Al coated NdFeB has the best corrosion resistance.     

Reactive plasma spraying of coatings containing in situ synthesized titanium hard phases

In this investigation, coatings of titanium composites containing in situ synthesized carbides or nitrides were deposited by reactive plasma spraying. Titanium powders were used as starting powder materials. Methane and nitrogen were used as reactive gases. Microstructural analyses revealed that titanium carbides and nitrides were synthesized during spraying. The coatings show high sliding wear resistance and good corrosion performance.     

Relationship Between Crystalline Structure and Hardness of Ti-Si-N-O Coatings Fabricated by dc Sputtering

Ti-Si-N-O coatings were deposited on AISI D2 tool steel and silicon substrates by dc reactive magnetron co-sputtering using a target of Ti-Si with a constant area ratio of 0.2. The substrate temperature was 400 °C and reactive atmosphere of nitrogen and argon. For all samples, argon flow was maintained constant at 25 sccm, while the flow of the nitrogen was varied to analyze the structural changes related to chemical composition and resistivity. According to results obtained by x-ray diffraction and stoichiometry calculations by x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy the Ti-Si-N-O coatings contain two solid solutions. The higher crystalline part corresponds to titanium oxynitrure. Hardness tests on the coatings were carried out using the indentation work model and the hardness value was determined. Finally, the values of hardness were corroborated by nanoindentation test, and values of Young’s modulus and elastic recovery were discussed. We concluded that F2TSN sample (F _Ar = 25 sccm, F _N = 5 sccm, P = 200 W, and P _W = 8.9 × 10⁻³ mbar) presented the greatest hardness and the lowest resistivity values, due to its preferential crystalline orientation.     

Enhancement of the properties of pulsed laser-deposited carbon nitride by the synchronisation of laser and N2 gas jet pulses

In surface coatings technology, especially in carbon-based materials, the deposition of energetic species is acknowledged as one of the most important factors in producing hard coatings. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of carbon under vacuum creates such energetic species and so carbon films with very high hardness values have been reported. However, when PLD takes place in a gas ambient, the ablated carbon species are decelerated to an extent that depends on the background pressure. As a result, during CN_x deposition, although the carbon species react effectively with N₂ at the beginning of their trajectories, when they reach the substrate they usually do not have sufficient kinetic energy to form a hard coating. In this paper we describe a new technique that combines the intense environment of an expanding N₂ jet with low-pressure PLD to produce CN_x species that travel almost free of collisions and reach the substrate with high kinetic energies. This new configuration is based on the synchronised pulsing of a N₂ jet with the laser pulse. The CN films produced are shown to have an increased film hardness without suppressing the nitrogen content. Furthermore, electron energy-loss spectroscopy shows the layers to have a very high proportion of π bonding, which can be correlated to the existence of sp-hybridised carbon in the form of –CN bonds.     

大风沙地区铝合金接触网零部件表面处理的优选

目的提高铝合金接触网零部件表面耐磨损性能,以增加其在大风沙地区的使用寿命。方法对接触网零件切割进行试样制备。在硅酸盐体系电解液中,采用20 k W直流脉冲微弧氧化设备对试样表面进行微弧氧化处理,电解液为硅酸盐,氧化时间为30 min。同时制备阳极氧化处理的平行试样。通过硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试,分别评价两种表面处理方式的表面硬度、耐磨性能,利用中性盐雾试验来评价其耐腐蚀性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜来观察两种膜层的差异。结果通过对铝合金接触网进行阳极氧化和微弧氧化处理能明显提高表面耐磨性。阳极氧化膜层硬度为350.3HV,微弧氧化膜层硬度约为阳极氧化膜硬度的4倍,达到1510.8HV。经过HT-600高温摩擦磨损试验机30 min的磨损试验,铝合金基体质量损失2 mg,阳极氧化膜质量损失0.8 mg,而微弧氧化膜的质量损失只有0.15 mg左右,且微弧氧化膜层表现出了更好的耐腐蚀性能。结论微弧氧化膜层能表现出更加优异的耐磨及耐腐蚀性能,因此微弧氧化更适合大风沙地区铝合金零件的表面处理。     

氮气辅助316L不锈钢激光-MIG复合焊接组织与耐蚀性能

为了提高纯氩气下MIG焊接316L不锈钢的稳定性、改善焊缝组织以及强化耐腐蚀性能,引入1 200 W小功率激光对MIG电弧进行诱导压缩,同时在氩气中混入氮气,探索不同流量比的Ar-N₂混合气体对焊缝微观组织及其耐腐蚀性能的影响. 结果表明,激光的诱导作用能够收缩并稳定MIG电弧,随着氮气流量的增加,焊缝的熔合线逐渐平缓,内部气孔缺陷明显降低;XRD测试和显微组织分析发现,渗氮后的焊缝内部γ相含量明显增多,中下部区域均为细小均匀的γ胞状晶,中上部区域为γ树枝晶,并且一次枝晶间距逐渐减小. 当氮气流量增加到5 L/min,焊缝的显微硬度可综合提升20 HV;电化学极化测试发现,渗氮之后的焊缝表现出更强的耐腐蚀性能. 试验证实,氮气辅助激光-MIG复合焊接工艺能够改善316L不锈钢焊缝的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能,当Ar∶N₂气体流量比为20∶5时,γ相的强化效果最显著,综合耐腐蚀性能最好.