UHMWPE纤维针织物-环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

将等离子体处理前后的超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维针织物分别与环氧树脂在平板硫化机上进行复合,制作出UHMWPE纤维针织物复合材料,对其进行裁样,测试UHMWPE纤维针织物复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能。结果表明:经等离子体处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均有较大提高,压缩强度有小幅增加。     

基于UHMWPE纤维低度交联与表面改性制备高模量、高强度UHMWPE/EP复合材料

从工业化生产应用角度研究电晕处理直接作用于超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维编织布织布表面，探究纤维表面交联和界面改性对复合材料力学性能的影响。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对UHMWPE纤维表面物理性质和化学组成进行表征。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对电晕处理前后纤维结晶度和热稳定性进行表征。当电晕处理功率达到3.0 kW时，UHMWPE-C3.0kW/EP复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到了167.4 kJ/m²、121.3 MPa和9.3 GPa,相较于未处理UHMWPE/EP复合材料分别增加了31.5%、64.8%和190.6%。结果表明，通过电晕处理强化了纤维表面与树脂界面黏接强度，有利于复合材料对外力的传递分散，并通过强界面破坏吸收能量及UHMWPE纤维的断裂和形变提高了复合材料的抗冲击和抗弯性能。     

UHMWPE/CF混编三维编织复合材料的弯曲性能

为获得最佳的混编排列方式，基于三维四向编织结构，以碳纤维(CF)和超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维为增强体，以环氧树脂(EP)为基体，采用真空导入工艺设计制备了三维编织UHMWPE/CF/EP复合材料，并研究了不同混编排列方式预制件复合材料的弯曲性能。结果发现：韧性UHMWPE纤维的加入改变了非混杂碳纤维三维编织树脂基复合材料的弯曲破坏模式，破坏模式呈现为塑性破坏特征；基于CF和UHMWPE纤维数量之比为1∶1的情况下，采用逐块排列混编方式的复合材料的弯曲性能最佳，较之逐束排列混编方式的复合材料提高24.28%。     

偶联剂改性UHMWPE纤维表面性能的研究

选用硅烷偶联剂KH-550,KH-560和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201作为表面改性剂,对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)冻胶纤维在萃取阶段进行表面处理,经干燥、超拉伸制得表面改性UHMWPE纤维。采用红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪测定了纤维的表面化学结构和表面润湿性能,采用单纤维树脂包埋-拔出法测定了纤维与树脂基体的界面剪切强度,比较了改性前后纤维的力学性能变化。结果表明:改性后纤维表面引入了极性基团,硅烷偶联剂KH-550对UHMWPE纤维的表面改性效果最好。采用质量分数为1%的硅烷偶联剂KH-550溶液处理后,纤维与环氧树脂间的界面剪切强度提高了87.8%,纤维的断裂强度和模量分别提高了6.9%和32.6%。     

纤维表面处理对三维编织碳纤维增强尼龙性能的影响

分别考察了几种纤维表面处理方法对碳纤维表面和复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，纤维表面处理使碳纤维的表面更粗糙；经过处理后的碳纤维表面含氧量明显提高，改善了碳纤维与基体的浸润性；空气氧化处理方法的综合效果比较理想；γ射线辐照处理除冲击强度稍低于空气氧化处理外，其弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量尤其是剪切强度均高于空气氧化法；空气氧化与偶联剂复合处理的复合材料剪切强度最高。     

环氧树脂对玻璃纤维/水泥复合材料界面性能的影响

在细观单纤维拔出实验基础上,利用ANSYS有限元程序,结合生死单元方法,对环氧树脂接枝处理的玻璃纤维/水泥基复合材料纤维拔出行为进行数值模拟,获得了界面理想结合/界面非理想结合下的拔出荷载-位移曲线。讨论了环氧树脂光滑接枝与粗糙接枝对玻璃纤维/水泥基复合材料界面强度的影响,研究表明,环氧树脂接枝不仅具有良好的界面结合性,还具有良好的机械嵌合性。     

化学气相沉积PPy/UHMWPE纤维的研究

采用化学气相沉积制备了聚吡咯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PPy/UHMWPE)纤维,测试了不同氧化剂浓度、不同沉积时间和温度下PPy/UHMWPE纤维的表面剪切强度,用扫描电镜、动态热机械分析仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了PPy/UHMWPE纤维的表面形态、热机械性能和复合材料官能团的变化。结果表明:PPy均匀分布在UHMWPE纤维表面,UHMWPE纤维与PPy之间无化学键作用而是分子间作用力;随着氧化剂三氯化铁浓度的增加和吡咯沉积时间的延长,PPy/UHMWPE纤维表面剪切强度先增大后减小;随着处理温度的升高,PPy/UHMWPE纤维表面剪切强度先增大,当处理温度超过85℃时,其剪切强度则减小。     

PE—UHMW纤维／环氧树脂复合材料研究

对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)纤维进行了铬酸液相氧化和纳米二氧化硅溶胶表面涂覆的复合化表面处理，并对PE-UHMW纤维／环氧树脂复合材料进行了界面性能研究。结果表明，单纯的液相氧化和表面涂覆均可以提高复合材料的界面性能，但液相氧化处理时间过长会使纤维强度降低，而复合化处理则具有协同效应，可以不降低纤维强度而大幅度提高复合材料的层间剪切强度，是一种有效的表面处理方法。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维液相氧化改性及其橡胶基复合材料制备

为了增强超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维与橡胶基体之间的界面粘结强度,采用高锰酸钾溶液对UHMWPE纤维进行表面处理,并将处理后的纤维加入到天然橡胶中制备短切UHMWPE纤维/橡胶复合材料。结果表明,高锰酸钾溶液处理可有效增加纤维表面粗糙度及表面含氧官能团含量,最佳改性工艺条件是:按照m(高锰酸钾)∶m(浓硝酸)=1∶30配置高锰酸钾溶液,在室温下将UHMWPE纤维放入上述溶液中处理1 min。与纯橡胶样品相比,在m(UHMWPE纤维)∶m(天然橡胶)=0~6∶100范围内,随着处理后短纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料的硬度不断增大,最大增加量达到94%;复合材料的撕裂强度先增大后减小,在m(UHMWPE纤维)∶m(天然橡胶)=4∶100时达到最大值,最大增加量达到43%。     

TDE-85/AG-80环氧树脂基复合材料微观形貌与力学性能分析

选用两种耐高温多官能团环氧树脂TDE-5和AG-80为基体,T300碳纤维为增强体制备了复合材料单向板,纤维体积含量均为60％。实验测得TDE-85树脂基体复合材料单向板的弯曲模量为74．26GPa,弯曲强度为1061．4MPa,层间剪切强度（ILSS）为54．05MPa;AG-80树脂基体复合材料单向板弯曲模量为55．73GPa,弯曲强度为840．52MPa,层间剪切强度（ILSS）为44．84MPa。前者的弯曲强度、弯曲模量与剪切强度也分别高出后者26．3％、33．2％与20．5％。实验对弯曲试样断口微观形貌的受压部分和受拉部分进行了SEM和高倍数码显微镜观察。结果显示,AG-80树脂基与碳纤维的界面结合情况较差,纤维成束被拔出,纤维表面几乎没有树脂。TDE-85树脂基与碳纤维界面结合情况较好,纤维与树脂结合比较紧密,断面较为平整,只有少量纤维拔出,表面粘附大量树脂。     

UHMWPE纤维表面改性技术的研究进展

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维以其优异的性能而成为一种重要的高科技纤维品种，但由于本身的结构特点，导致纤维与基体之间的界面粘接性能较差而限制了其应用。通过液相氧化法、等离子体处理法等各种方法对UHMWPE纤维表面进行处理，可不同程度改善其界面粘结性能。本文详细介绍了UHMWPE纤维的表面改性方法及其进展。     

The effect of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber on the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement

The effects of the addition of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) on the mechanical properties of standard surgical Simplex-P radiopaque bone cement have been investigated. It was found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus were apparently not improved by the incorporation of UHMWPE in the acrylic bone cement. The results of bending strength and bending modulus indicated that a reinforcing effect is obtained at UHMWPE contents as low as 1 wt%, and then levelled off with increasing UHMWPE contents. When the UHMWPE contents as low as 2 wt%, the values of compressive strength and modulus seemed approximate the same; whereas the values of compressive strength and modulus decreased with increasing UHMWPE contents. From the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the values of dynamic storage modulus of bone cement increased at UHMWPE fiber as low as 2 wt%, but beyond that UHMWPE content the value of the dynamic storage modulus decreased with increasing UHMWPE contents. The same results were also found for the dynamic loss modulus. When methyl methacrylate was grafted onto UHMWPE by plasma and UV irradiation treatment, it was found that by adding the treated UHMWPE fiber in acrylic bone cement had a significant reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties of bone cement.     

超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维黏结强度增强方法研究

为提高超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维复合材料中纤维与树脂基体之间的界面黏结强度,提出通过不同质量分数的硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理纳米SiO_2对UHMWPE纤维进行表面改性。对改性处理后的纤维与乙烯基酯树脂进行黏结强度试验,发现硅烷偶联剂处理纳米SiO_2能有效提高纤维的界面黏结强度,同时使纤维保持一定的断裂强度。     

低温等离子体改性UHMWPE纤维的表面性能

采用空气低温等离子体改善超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)短纤维的黏着性,设计正交试验对改性后纤维的黏着性进行测试与分析,确定出较优试验方案;然后对未处理和经较优方案改性后的UHMWPE短纤维的表面形貌、表面化学成分、表面润湿性和强伸性进行测试分析。结果表明:空气低温等离子体改性UHMWPE短纤维黏着性的较优处理条件为功率50 W、压强15 Pa、反应时间120 s,此时,纤维的剥离功是未处理的4.14倍,黏着性得到了大幅度的提升,且单纤维强力损失率仅为3.29%;经较优方案处理后,纤维表面的粗糙程度有所增加,表面润湿性有明显改善,纤维表面的C元素含量明显减少,O、N元素含量有所增加,且出现了相对含量为22.2%的C=O官能团,有利于UHMWPE短纤维黏着性的改善。     

Mechanical properties of surface‐modified ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced natural rubber composites

The mechanical properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers reinforced natural rubber (NR) composites were determined, and the effects of fiber surface treatment and fiber mass fraction on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Chromic acid was used to modify the UHMWPE fibers, and the results showed that the surface roughness and the oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of the fibers could be effectively increased. The NR matrix composites were prepared with as‐received and chromic acid treated UHMWPE fibers added 0–6 wt%. The treated UHMWPE fibers increased the elongation at break, tear strength, and hardness of the NR composites, especially the tensile stress at a given elongation, but reduced the tensile strength. The elongation at break increased markedly with increasing fiber mass fraction, attained maximum values at 3.0 wt%, and then decreased. The tear strength and hardness exhibited continuous increase with increasing the fiber content. Several microfibrillations between the fiber and NR matrix were observed from SEM images of the fractured surfaces of the treated UHMWPE fibers/NR composites, which meant that the interfacial adhesion strength was improved. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1215–1220, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Enhanced wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by modified-graphite oxide

A simple and feasible method to enhance the wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers was reported. The graphite oxide (GO) prepared using improved Hummer's method was surface modified with hexadecylamine to improve its compatibility with UHMWPE. Combined with well-dispersion of modified-GO (m-GO) in dichloromethane and the fact that the viscosity of UHMWPE suspension can be decreased by dichloromethane, the well dispersed m-GO/dichloromethane was added into UHMWPE suspension to improve m-GO dispersion in UHMWPE fibers. Finally, UHMWPE fibers with different m-GO concentration were prepared using gel spinning technology. The effect of m-GO concentration on the structure and properties of modified UHMWPE fibers were investigated. The results indicated that the melting temperature and crystallinity of m-GO modified UHMWPE fibers increased with increasing of m-GO concentration, while the fiber's crystal sizes and orientation increased, thus the tensile strength of m-GO modified UHMWPE fibers remained almost undamaged. The introduction of m-GO is beneficial to the formation of smooth transfer film on fiber's surface, which enhanced the self-lubrication of UHMWPE fibers. Compared with pure UHMWPE fiber, the UHMWPE fiber containing 1.5 wt% m-GO had enhanced wear resistance by 55.4% and still maintained high tensile strength of 29.98 cN dtex⁻¹.     

炭纤维表面处理对短炭纤维增强炭基复合材料强度的影响

为了增强炭纤维的表面活性,提高炭纤维与基体炭的结合强度,用浓硝酸对炭纤维进行了表面氧化处理。考察了处理时间和处理温度对短炭纤维增强炭基复合材料（ＳＣＦＲＣ）力学性能的影响;用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）对ＳＣＦＲＣ的弯曲断面进行了观察。结果表明：对炭纤维进行表面处理可以提高其与基体炭的结合强度,炭纤维与基体炭的结合强度以及ＳＣＦＲＣ的抗弯强度均随着炭纤维氧化处理时间的增加和处理温度的升高而增大     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的表面改性研究

选择乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物作为表面改性剂,将其溶解在二甲苯中制成复合萃取液,对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)冻胶纤维进行萃取,经干燥和超倍拉伸制得表面改性UHMWPE纤维。对改性前后纤维的表面化学结构、结晶性能、表面粘接性能和力学性能进行了比较。结果表明:加入表面改性剂后,纤维表面引入了极性基团,结晶形态不变,纤维与树脂的抗界面剪切强度大大增加,纤维的力学性能变化不大。     

低温等离子体处理UHMWPE纤维表面性能的多指标优化

利用正交表安排试验,对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维进行空气低温等离子体处理,测试各处理条件下UHMWPE纤维的力学和表面摩擦性能;采用矩阵分析法对多指标正交试验结果进行优化分析,找出最优方案并进行黏着性试验验证。结果表明:经空气低温等离子体处理后,UHMWPE纤维的断裂强度有所减小,表面静、动摩擦因数有较大幅度的提高;处理纤维的最优方案为功率50 W、压强15 Pa、时间150 s,此时纤维的断裂强度损失率仅为2.53%,剥离功为未处理时的4.25倍,说明由矩阵分析法得出的最优方案在保证纤维断裂强度损失很小的情况下,黏着性得到了很大程度的改善。