高剪切应力诱导引发乙丙橡胶与马来酸酐官能化反应的研究

采用在熔融挤出过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的高剪切应力诱导引发方法和采用添加引发剂与提高螺杆转速的应力诱导复合引发方法,研究了乙丙橡胶(EPR)与马来酸酐(MAH)的官能化反应;采用化学分析、熔体流动速率测定、FT IR、SEM观测和材料力学性能测试等方法考察了官能化产物(EPR-g-MAH)性能及其对PA66/EPR-g-MAH共混材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速和官能化反应温度对产物的接枝(嵌段)率和熔体流动速率具有重要影响;与热引发方法相比较,270℃条件下螺杆转速由80 r/m in提高至800 r/m in时,产物的接枝(嵌段)率由0.26%提高至0.47%;与引发剂引发方法相比较,产物熔体流动速率由每10 m in约0.07 g提高至1.80 g,抑制或避免了官能化过程中的交联副反应;所得产物的接枝(嵌段)率和熔体流动速率易于控制,对于PA66的增韧作用,存在最佳接枝(嵌段)率(约0.66%)和最佳熔体流动速率(每10 m in约2.0 g)。     

iPB-g-MAH反应挤出工艺及性能

采用反应挤出工艺制备聚丁烯-1接枝马来酸酐改性材料,研究了挤出机温度、螺杆转速及原料放置时间对引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、共单体苯乙烯(St)、接枝单体马来酸酐(MAH)反应体系的影响,分析了接枝物iPB-g-MAH-co-St在挤出机工业化制备中的适宜条件。结果表明,反应挤出温度对制备iPB-g-MAH的影响较大,在170～210℃区间内,接枝率最高可达3.05%,最低仅为1.29%,适宜的反应温度范围为180～200℃;螺杆转速对反应挤出制备iPB-g-MAH的接枝率影响较小,在60～140 r/min转速区间内,接枝率最大与最小值之间的差值低于40%,适宜的反应转速为120 r/min;配置好的原料放置时间过长导致过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)降解iPB-1,接枝物的接枝率与力学性能显著降低,在实际生产中需严格控制物料的放置时间。     

丙烯腈接枝交联淀粉的制备及应用研究

以玉米交联淀粉为原料,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,制备了交联接枝玉米淀粉;再以FeSO4-H2O2为引发剂,研究了丙烯腈接枝交联淀粉的制备工艺及其在处理生活污水方面的应用。结果表明,10g玉米交联淀粉、丙烯腈用量10mL、引发剂用量4mL、接枝时间1.5h、反应温度40℃,此条件下接枝率可达83.7%,接枝效率为116.3%,丙烯腈接枝交联淀粉处理过的污水透光率达96.5%。     

硅烷接枝聚乙烯水解交联反应的研究

本文研究了硅烷接枝聚乙烯的水解交联反应.所得交联产物是以LDPE、过氧化物和不饱和硅烷为基本原料,首先通过挤出熔融法将不饱和硅烷接枝到聚乙烯分子链上,然后将接枝物进行水解交联反应制得.通过实验,研究了接枝率、水解时间、水解温度、交联促进剂、试样厚度对交联度的影响.当接枝率(用吸光度比表示)在0.5以内时,接枝物在100℃水乳液中水解交联可得到凝胶量(表示交联度)在80%以下的任何产物;凝胶含量在水解初期随时间的增长而增加,当水解反应进行3h后,凝胶含量不再有明显增加;交联反应速度在高温下比在低温下快,水温控制在60～80℃为宜;本交联反应以丁基锡为促进剂,它起到了良好的交联促进作用;试样厚度对交联速度有一定的影响,要达到相同的凝胶含量,厚制品比薄制品需要更长的水解反应时间.     

一种采用异向双螺杆挤出机再生废橡胶的方法

正由北京化工大学申请的专利(公开号CN102911399A,公开日期2013-02-06)"一种采用异向双螺杆挤出机再生废橡胶的方法",提供了一种采用异向双螺杆挤出机再生废橡胶的方法,即将废胶粉与再生剂于搅拌机内在60~120℃下预处理1~15min,在50~100℃下静置12~36h后加入异向双螺杆挤出机,控制挤出机加热段温度为150~220℃,反应段温度为220~320℃,冷却段温度为80~220℃,反应1~10min后由挤出机挤     

高交联度易加工硅烷交联管材专用料的研制

介绍了采用二步硅烷交联工艺制备高交联度易加工硅烷交联管材专用料的方法,讨论了基础树脂、助剂对专用料交联度和加工性能的影响;通过加入自由基捕捉剂的方法,抑制接枝反应过程中的碳-碳大分子交联,解决了二步法硅烷交联领域的技术瓶颈问题,使硅烷交联管材专用料既具有高的交联度又具有良好的加工性能.     

马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯及其共混物

用双螺杆挤出机通过反应性挤出制备了马来酸酐熔融接枝的聚丙烯(PP),对均聚PP、嵌段共聚PP、PP/三元乙丙橡胶和PP/聚烯烃热塑性弹性体复合体系与马来酸酐的熔融接枝及其工艺条件进行了探讨.结果表明,采用嵌段共聚PP接枝马来酸酐,在螺杆温度190～210 ℃、过氧化二异丙苯质量分数0.1%、马来酸酐质量分数1.5%及苯乙烯质量分数1.8%时,可获得接枝率3.8%的PP接枝聚合物.用该接枝聚合物与PP、高密度聚乙烯及聚烯烃热塑性弹性体熔融共混制备的黏合性涂覆树脂能够满足化工容器防腐专用料的性能要求.     

马来酸酐接枝PS相容剂的研究

研究了马来酸酐(MAH)在螺杆挤出机中与聚苯乙烯的接枝反应，确定了挤出接枝反应的最佳工艺条件，初步探索了温度、螺杆转速、引发剂浓度以及MAH浓度对接枝反应的影响。     

聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了通过双螺杆挤出机聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐制马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP—g—MAH）的工艺，包括单体马来酸酐（MAH）、引发剂DCP的用量及熔融反应温度和时间对聚丙烯（PP）熔融接枝MAH的接枝率的影响。结果表明：DCP、MAH的用量对PP—g—MAH接枝率影响比较明显，其最佳配比为DCP0．15份、MAH2份；最佳工艺条件为挤出螺杆转速40r／min，反应温度195-200℃。     

铝塑复合管硅烷交联聚乙烯专用料的研究

研究了高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）／线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）硅烷接枝交联体系。分析了过氧化二异丙苯（DCP），乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷（VTES），加工设备及工艺条件（温度，螺杆转速）对体系熔体流动速率（MFR）和凝胶含量的影响。并用Buss混炼设备制备出高流动性的铝塑复合管硅烷接枝交联PE专用料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。