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浓盐法和稀碱法提取啤酒废酵母核糖核酸的比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过正交实验对浓盐法和稀碱法提取啤酒废酵母核糖核酸进行了比较.结果表明,浓盐法的适宜提取条件为:NaCl质量分数15%、提取时间5 h、提取温度90℃、酵母质量分数8%,此条件下核糖核酸的提取率为6.82%、纯度为85.45%;稀碱法的适宜提取条件为:NaOH质量分数0.6%、提取时间50 min、酵母质量分数10%、沉淀温度4℃,此条件下核糖核酸的提取率为12.14%、纯度为53.71%.浓盐法虽然提取率低于稀碱法,但产品纯度高,而稀碱法的提取时间短,更利于工业化生产. 相似文献
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啤酒厂每生产100t啤酒就会得到含水分75%~80%的剩余酵母泥约1.5t,可制成含水8.5%~10%的干酵母约0.35t。这些酵母富含蛋白质、核酸、维生素、矿物质等多种营养成分,目前主要用于饲料工业,利用率很低。啤酒酵母的核酸(主要为核糖核酸RNA... 相似文献
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响应面法优化碱催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据中心组合试验设计原理,通过30个试验,其中有6个样本的中心点,以甲酯含量作为响应值。考察反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度和醇油摩尔比对碱催化酯交换反应的影响,确定碱催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油的二阶多项式模型。试验结果很好地拟合模型及对99%以上的差异做了解释,优化工艺参数的反应时间为45min、催化剂用量为1.5%、反应温度50℃、醇油摩尔比为7.5,试验值在95%的置信区间符合预测值。结果表明,RSM优化的模型适合于碱催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油工艺,能够预测不同条件下碱催化酯交换反应得到甲酯含量。 相似文献
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以荠菜为原材料,采用化学法制备不溶性膳食纤维和氨基酸。用酸水解法提取氨基酸,然后用碱提取法提取IDF,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了不溶性膳食纤维制备的最佳工艺。提取荠菜IDF时,最适提取条件是碱液浓度为6%,碱浸温度为25℃,碱提取时间为20min,在此条件下提取荠菜IDF得率为71.6%,产品的持水力为658%、膨胀力为5.62mL/g。 相似文献
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钠硼解石复合矿制取硼砂新工艺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对青藏地区钠硼解石复合矿矿型特点,提出两步碱解法制取硼砂的新工艺。经正交试验考察碱用量、碱比例、液固比和反应时间等因素对反应浸出率的影响,确定的优化工艺条件为:n(Na2CO3):n(NaHCO3)=1:3,液固质量比为3,反应温度95℃,反应时间120min。试验结果:B2O3浸出率为98.89%,收率为93.68%,产品质量符合国家标准。该工艺收率高,耗碱量低,易于工业化。 相似文献
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以啤酒酵母为原料,通过浓盐法进行了核糖核酸(RNA)提取的研究,对影响RNA提取率的因素,如提取温度、提取时间、加盐量及酵母质量浓度进行了考察,获得了最大提取率的条件:提取温度95℃,提取时间为60min,氯化钠的加入量为10%,酵母质量分数为10%。正交实验表明,加盐量为反应过程的显著影响因素。在上述条件下,90g湿酵母(相当于20g干酵母)能够提取1g RNA,A260/ A280是1.983。对RNA粗品进行精制,得到固体白色粉末。 相似文献
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大麻籽油和甲醇经NaOH/PAM催化合成生物柴油,本实验在醇油比固定的情况下考察了催化剂的碱含量、催化剂用量对酯交换转化率的影响、碱量及反应时间分别对转化率和皂化百分数的影响,采用红外光谱技术对催化剂进行分析,确定了较适宜的反应条件.结果表明:实际碱量随NaOH添加量的增加而增加;催化剂用量增加,原料油转化率增加;反应时间的增加,原料油转化率曲线增加到一定水平后趋于平缓;较适宜的反应条件为PN-4催化剂用量3%,反应时间为60 min. 相似文献
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Siyuan Yu Jianlan Cui Xin Wang Congshan Zhong Yanru Li Jun Yao 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2020,97(6):663-670
Castor oil and its three derivatives including methyl ricinoleate, sodium ricinoleate and ricinoleic acid were used as the raw material for alkali fusion to prepare sebacic acid. The reaction parameters including catalyst, ratio of oleochemicals/NaOH, reaction time and reaction temperature were optimized. It was found that Pb3O4 (1%) showed the best catalytic performance, and 553 K was considered as the most suitable reaction temperature. The oleochemicals/NaOH ratios of 15:14, 15:14, 15:12 and 15:14 were determined as the optimal ratio for alkali fusion of castor oil, methyl ricinoleate, sodium ricinoleate and ricinoleic acid, respectively. In addition, the optimal reaction time of alkali fusion of castor oil was 5 hours, and that of its derivatives was 3 hours. The maximum yield in sebacic acid of 68.8%, 77.7%, 80.1%, 78.6% can be obtained by using castor oil, methyl ricinoleate, sodium ricinoleate and ricinoleic acid as the raw material, respectively. High purity of sebacic acid was confirmed by GC and melting point analysis. ICP-OES results illustrated that the content of Pb in sebcic acid was less than 1 mg kg−1. Separating glycerol from castor oil was beneficial for alkali fusion, by which, the yield of sebacic acid was increased of approximately 10%, and the reaction time was reduced from 5 to 3 hours. This study provided guiding significance for the future industrial production of sebacic acid. 相似文献
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喻胜飞 《化学工业与工程技术》2006,27(6):14-16
研究了3种不同来源甲壳素的脱乙酰反应过程,探讨了脱乙酰反应的主要影响因素(反应时间、碱液浓度和反应温度)与产物1,4-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D,葡聚糖(壳聚糖)的脱乙酰度之间的关系。用单因素实验和正交实验确定了制得高脱乙酰度的最佳反应条件:反应时间为90min,反应温度为120℃,碱液的质量分数为40%,料液质量比为1∶30;并用红外光谱对原材料和制备产物进行了表征。 相似文献
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以废切削液回收PEG后剩余的废砂为原料,采用酸溶和碱溶两种方法除去废砂中的多晶硅杂质,回收SiC微粉,并对两种方法的可行性及工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,酸法除硅时,当HF浓度为4 mol/L,硝酸浓度为2 mol/L,温度为35℃,反应时间为70 min时,可使回收微粉中硅杂质含量在0.1%~0.2%。碱法除硅时,当NaOH的溶液3%左右,温度在70℃,反应时间2 h,可使回收微粉中硅杂质含量在0.2%~0.3%。粒度分析表明,酸法及碱法回收产品粒径分布均能满足指标要求,且碱法回收产品粒径分布与新砂一致。 相似文献
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Hamza Alaşalvar Hakan Erinç Fatma Salur Ayşe Özbey 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2019,96(7):839-846
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is commercially produced by alkali isomerization of linoleic acid (LNA). However, this method constitutes a relatively high content of undesirable CLA isomers. In present study, microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted alkali isomerization techniques were applied for production of CLA as an alternative to traditional alkali isomerization. This study was aimed to evaluate the isomerization degree of LNA, by using various process conditions such as microwave power, ultrasound amplitude, and their reaction times. The best conditions for LNA isomerization were a microwave power of 700 W and a reaction time of 6 h for microwave-assisted alkali isomerization and an ultrasound amplitude of 100% and a reaction time of 6 h for ultrasound-assisted alkali isomerization. Under determined conditions, microwave-assisted alkali isomerization (97.21%) resulted in a higher isomerization degree compared to ultrasound-assisted alkali isomerization (76.98%) while the content of undesirable CLA isomers in ultrasound-assisted alkali isomerization (0.62%) was lower than that of microwave-assisted alkali isomerization (1.87%). This study showed that application of the both techniques resulted in equal amounts of desirable CLA isomers. The content of desirable CLA isomers was 47.09% cis-9, trans-11 and 48.25% trans-10, cis-12 for microwave-assisted alkali isomerization and 36.34% cis-9, trans-11 and 40.02% trans-10, cis-12 for ultrasound-assisted alkali isomerization. 相似文献
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对浸渍法制备的负载型Ni-Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化荆,用Na和Cr进行酸碱性调节,并通过H_2,NH_3和CO_2程序升温脱附(TPD)技术表征了催化剂H_2吸附能力和酸碱性质.结果显示,Cr和Na改性后催化剂的酸碱性质得到了调节,H_2吸附能力显著增强,其中Cr与Na联合改性后的样品Ni-Cu-Cr-Na/γ-Al_2O_3具有最小的低强度酸量、最大的低强度碱量和最大的H_2吸附能力.催化剂月桂腈加氢性能表明,在氢分压2.0 MPa、反应温度70℃、反应时间30 min时,Ni-Cu-Cr-Na/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂具有最大活性,月桂腈的转化率为98%,月桂伯胺的选择性为99.2%.催化剂稳定性好,重复使用10次后,月桂腈的转化率由98%降为94.6%,月桂伯胺的选择性仍维持在98%以上. 相似文献
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选取反应温度、反应时间、碱浓度为因子,通过对正交试验结果的直观分析和方差分析研究了环氧树脂样品的不同处理条件对其易皂化氯含量测定的影响。结果表明,反应温度、反应时间对测定结果有高度影响,碱浓度>3 mol/L时基本无影响。采用3 mol/L NaOH在80℃下处理环氧样品4 h后测得的易皂化氯含量明显高于GB/T 4618.2—2008的测定结果,其相对误差为0.588%,相对标准偏差为0.592%。该处理方法对缩水甘油胺型环氧树脂和缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂易皂化氯含量测定均适用。 相似文献
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用Cr和Na对浸渍法制备的g-Al2O3负载Ni-Cu催化剂进行改性,用H2-TPD和CO2-TPD技术表征催化剂H2吸附能力和碱性质,并考察了其对月桂腈加氢反应的催化性能. 结果表明,Cr和Na改性后催化剂H2吸附能力显著增强,碱性质得到调节,Ni-Cu-Cr-Na/g-Al2O3催化剂具有最大H2吸附能力和最大低强度碱量及最大活性,月桂腈转化率为98%,伯胺选择性为99.2%. 优化反应条件为:氢分压2.0 MPa,反应温度70℃,反应时间30 min,搅拌转速600 r/min. 反应10次后,月桂腈的转化率由98%降为94.8%,伯胺的选择性维持在98%以上. 相似文献