杀伤爆破战斗部起爆方式对地面目标杀伤威力的影响

为提高杀伤爆破（简称杀爆）战斗部对地面目标的毁伤威力,利用靶场静爆试验和数值模拟方法开展了序贯起爆网络下的定向战斗部威力研究。基于LS-DYNA有限元程序分析不同起爆方式下杀爆战斗部的破片飞散规律,编写C语言程序获得有效破片落地时的分布密度和能量分布,结合毁伤概率法计算战斗部在落角、落速、落高不同运动参数下的有效毁伤面积。研究结果表明：偏心两线和偏心三线序贯起爆在定向方向的速度增益为20.3%、19.8%,序贯起爆可有效改善破片的飞散角,提高破片的落地动能和密度,进一步提高战斗部毁伤面积;偏心两线序贯起爆时战斗部的毁伤效能最高,有效毁伤面积增益最高可达809.1%;该毁伤面积计算方法可较好地反映出破片密度和动能对毁伤效能的影响,为不同起爆方式下杀爆战斗部的毁伤评估提供参考。     

杀爆战斗部杀伤面积的数值计算

文中通过分析战斗部破片在空气中的飞行特性及空间分布规律．对杀爆战斗部的乐伤威力进行了数值计算，绘制了战斗部的等概率曲线及等分布密度曲线．并得到了不同落角、爆高情况下杀伤面积值。结果表明：不同落角都有一个杀伤面积峰值，且最大杀伤面积随落角的减小而减小。     

大面积杀爆战斗部最佳爆高的工程算法

文中通过分析破片的飞行特性及空间分布规律,建立了杀爆战斗部杀伤威力计算模型,并对某预制破片战斗部进行了计算,得出了破片场的破片密度及杀伤概率分布规律,得到了不同落角情况下杀伤面积随爆高的变化曲线。并确定了不同落角情况下的最佳爆高值。     

杀爆弹破片与冲击波对地面人员目标综合毁伤

从杀爆弹实际毁伤过程出发,在前人破片毁伤基础模型上,提出了针对地面人员目标的破片与冲击波两种作用条件下综合杀伤概率计算方法。并以某弹在攻击角度为65°作为实例,对单发与多发弹在不同爆炸高度综合杀伤概率进行了计算。结果表明,随着爆炸高度的增加,杀伤概率整体下降,并且单发弹杀伤概率等势分布区域,由椭圆形变成脚掌形。对于多发弹在相同爆炸高度条件下,其杀伤概率等势分布形状不变,但杀伤概率与分布面积随弹数增加而增加。本研究的计算方法与结果可为杀爆战斗部设计与实际应用提供参考。     

基于射击线技术的杀爆战斗部杀伤面积计算

针对杀伤面积进行计算时,通常借助统计学原理建立破片的空间分布规律,并向目标方向投影,从而得到破片密度和杀伤面积,提出了采用射击线技术描述全部破片的飞行轨迹参数和威力参数,完成杀伤面积的计算;基于杀爆战斗部破片飞散参数,建立了破片弹道射击线模型;对杀爆战斗部的杀伤面积进行了计算,得到了杀伤面积与导弹落速、落角、炸高之间的变化关系;计算结果表明：在一定的落角和炸高时,随着导弹落速的增加,破片杀伤面积增大;一定的落速和炸高时,随着落角的增加,破片杀伤面积也增大;在设定落速为500 m／s 时,计算落角分别为20°、40°、60°、80°、90°均存在一个使杀伤面积最大的炸高,由此可确定杀爆战斗部的最佳炸高。     

聚焦型破片战斗部对目标毁伤概率的工程算法

本文讨论了聚焦型破片战斗部对目标的毁伤特点，在总结前人工作的基础上给出了一种计算目标毁伤概率的工程算法，并同时给出了一种聚焦型破片战斗部毁伤典型空中目标时毁伤概率的计算实例。通过与普通型杀伤战斗部的比较和分析，表明聚焦型破片战斗部有利于提高对目标的毁伤概率，同时也说明该方法可用于战斗部毁伤概率的工程研究。     

聚焦式钨球定向战斗部设计仿真研究

为提高反卫星武器的毁伤能力,提出聚焦式钨球定向战斗部的设计方案。结合理论分析、数值模拟方 法,分析单层、双层、三层钨球定向式杀伤战斗部的作用机理,利用Matlab 软件对模拟结果进行分析并计算破片群 在100 m 处的分布形状、密度和分布空间;通过计算钨球毁伤概率,综合分析得出双层排列定向战斗部毁伤效果最 佳。结果表明,该方案对空间武器战斗部设计有一定指导意义。     

破片杀伤型战斗部对典型雷达目标的毁伤研究

提出了破片杀伤型战斗部毁伤典型相控阵雷达目标三维演示的必要性,详细建立了破片杀伤型战斗部破片对典型地面相控阵雷达目标的毁伤计算模型,并利用Matlab软件编写了三维毁伤演示程序．演示结果表明,该模型可以有效直观地对破片战斗部的毁伤效果进行评估,其程序核心可以作为计算导弹毁伤概率的基础．     

破片聚焦式战斗部毁伤直升机类目标的研究

文中讨论了破片聚焦式战斗部毁伤目标的特点，给出了一种破片变式战斗部毁伤典型空中目标时杀伤概率的工程计算实例。该工程算法可为战斗部工程设计提供相应的理论参考。     

瞄准式战斗部杀伤装置结构设计研究

采用定向战斗部是提高防空导弹作战效能的主要途径之一,为提高瞄准式定向战斗部的杀伤威力,需要对战斗部杀伤装置的主要参数进行设计与优化。根据防空导弹作战需求对瞄准式战斗部的破片静态初速和静态破片束锥角进行了设计。运用格尼公式计算出了圆柱形前置破片结构的装药-破片质量比mc / mf. 通过选择起爆方式获得不同破片束锥角,并采用内凹式破片层设计以保证该角度的实现,计算得出了所需的内凹式破片层曲率半径。破片场密度与破片存速计算结果表明:在静态爆炸条件下,破片束锥角为10毅和30毅时,破片场密度满足毁伤要求的最远距离, 分别为71. 0 m 和23. 2 m,战斗部的两种起爆模式适合在不同的作战距离上使用,对战术弹道导弹目标具备较强的毁伤能力。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.