易燃液体燃烧烟气在空间不同位置的沉积规律

在搭建的试验房间顶部及墙壁上布置一系列采样板,模拟火灾现场中易燃液体燃烧烟气的蔓延和吸附情况,然后定量提取采样板上吸附的烟尘,并利用GC/MS进行定量成分分析,根据采样板上烟气特征成分的含量,确定易燃液体燃烧烟气在不同空间位置的沉积规律,从而确定火场勘查中物证提取的最佳位置。试验结果表明,火源上部正对火源处为最佳提取位置,同时还可提取墙角处,以及距火源最近的壁面和顶面交汇处的烟尘。     

易燃液体燃烧烟气沉积物环境时效性研究

设计了一个燃烧收集装置,模拟火灾现场中易燃液体燃烧的烟气蔓延和沉积特点,使易燃液体在装置中燃烧产生烟气,平行定量收集后制备成标准烟气样品,在不同时间及温度条件下放置后,利用GC/MS进行成分分析,以此确定易燃液体火灾烟气沉积物是否存在时效性。实验结果表明,型号对汽油燃烧后生成的成分影响不大,但用量和燃烧时间会造成一定影响;采样位置不同,烟气中各成分比例有很大差别;是否加水对烟尘成分没有明显影响;时间越长,温度越高,成分变化越明显。     

GC/MS法分析不同载体对汽油燃烧残留物成分的影响

汽油是当前最常见的易燃液体助燃剂,不同载体会对汽油燃烧残留的成分产生影响。本文采用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析技术,选用棉布和腈纶为燃烧载体,对93#汽油燃烧残留物进行分析鉴定,比较了汽油完全燃烧后残留物的特征以及两种载体对汽油燃烧残留物物质组分的影响。结果表明不同载体加入汽油燃烧后生成的物质会有较大的区别。     

环境条件对常见易燃液体烟气特征成分的影响

公安部天津消防研究所承担完成了公安部消防局应用创新计划项目《环境条件对常见易燃液体烟气特征成分影响的研究》,该项目成果已通过了专家验收。该项成果在研制建立燃烧烟气沉积试验装置的基础上,以汽油、柴油为研究目标物,得到不同高度位置、不同材料表面上燃烧烟尘样品,并通过     

草果提取物的 GC/MS 分析及在卷烟加香中的应用

采用超声波萃取法制得草果提取物,并进行了 GC/MS 分析和卷烟加香试验。结果表明：草果提取物共鉴定出来26种化学成分,其中含量比较高的成分主要有1,8-桉树脑、4-异丙基苯甲醛、β-蒎烯、柠檬醛、橙花叔醇、2-癸烯醛、α-水芹烯、乙酸橙花酯、α-蒎烯等;卷烟加香试验表明,草果提取物具有丰富烟香、增加特殊香韵、提升香气质、柔和烟气的作用,较为合适的用量为0.05mg/g。     

公安部消防局科研计划项目《环境条件对常见易燃液体烟气特征成分影响的研究》通过验收

<正>公安部天津消防研究所承担的《环境条件对常见易燃液体烟气特征成分影响的研究》项目研制了烟尘燃烧沉积装置,制备了烟尘试验样品,对材料、温度、湿度、时间、高度等环境条件的变化进行监测记录,确定了汽油和柴油烟尘的组分变化特征,获得大量易燃液体助燃剂谱图,明确了火场中液体助     

UPLC-MS/MS法在药物成分分析领域的应用研究进展

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)结合了超高效液相色谱强大的分离能力和质谱在定性、定量分析方面的高灵敏度及专属性强优势,较好地适应了现代药物研究对自动化、高通量分析方法的需求,已成为药物分析的重要方法之一。综述了UPLC-MS/MS法在药物成分分析领域的应用研究进展。     

SPDE/GC/MS测定水中痕量氯苯类化合物的研究

采用固相动态微萃取(SPDE)前处理,GC/MS联用方法分析水中氯苯类化合物。本实验对SPDE的实验条件进行了优化。实验结果显示,采用SPDE/GC/MS方法分析水中氯苯类化合物,在0.02-2.0μg/L范围内线性良好,最低检测浓度在0.03-0.1μg/L,水样加标回收率在75~116%之间(RSD<10%)。可以用来分析水中痕量氯苯类化合物。     

烟气在不同材料表面沉积规律的研究

模拟火灾现场易燃液体(汽油)燃烧,在烟气上部放置不同载体材料采样板,提取采样板上的烟尘进行GC/MS成分分析.通过分析各采样板烟尘成分含量的多少确定各载体采样板的吸附能力,从而确定在火灾现场中提取何种材料表面的烟尘使检测结果最佳,有效地指导火灾现场中烟尘物证的提取部位,增强了鉴定的准确性和科学性.     

铁碳微电解工艺处理炼油碱渣的实验研究

研究了铁碳微电解工艺对碱渣废水处理效果。结果表明:当初始pH值为3,曝气时间为8 h时,微电解工艺对COD和色度的去除效率分别达到65%和92%,出水可生化性(BOD/COD)由0.05提高至0.46,废水毒性抑制率降低40%,平均分子量显著下降90%;GC-MS数据表明:特征污染物质量浓度大大降低。总之,微电解工艺处理碱渣工程可行性高,出水水质得到了有效改善,降低了炼油厂排放的污染物负荷,可推广使用。     

MBR对焚烧厂渗滤液中有机污染物的降解特性

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,并采用GC/MS技术考察了MBR处理渗滤液过程中有机污染物的降解特性.结果表明,生化段对C4～C8的有机物有较好的降解能力,而无机膜对C16～C19的有机物的去除效果较好;生化段对渗滤液中酸类有机物的降解效果明显,而无机膜对酮、醇、酸类有机物的去除效果明显;当进水COD为57 000 mg/L、NH3-N为665mg/L时,MBR出水的COD和NH3-N分别可降至457、8.54 mg/L.     

水中多氯联苯的检测方法研究

采用液液萃取-硫酸净化的前处理方法,以PCB28、52、101、138、153、180等6种多氯联苯为分析对象,同时以气相色谱法和气质联用法两种方法测定,用内标法定量.比较了两种方法的检出限、回收率、精密度、标准工作曲线的相关系数等指标,结果表明:①气相色谱法和气质联用法均可良好地分离和测定水中多氯联苯,液液萃取-净化的前处理方法的回收率为84.6%～102%;②气质联用法测定水中多氯联苯的方法检出限仅为0.001μg/L,比气相色谱法低一个数量级,质量控制要求也相对较低;③测定地表水中的多氯联苯时,应采用气质联用法;测定饮用水时,可优先考虑气相色谱法,也可采用气质联用法.     

火场裂解产物对检验结果的影响

分析了汽油纵火案件中火场高温裂解产物对检验结果判定的影响。提取燃烧物中汽油残留成分后进行解吸,并用气质联用仪分析检测汽油的主要成分,通过燃烧试验考察汽油燃烧前后组分的分布及变化规律,分析火场中常见高分子材料裂解产物对汽油定性的干扰。试验表明汽油燃烧后轻组分减少,重组分相对增加,火场中的高分子材料裂解后主要产生 C9~C12 直链或支链烷烃和苯系物,而萘系物和茚满类产生相对较少。检验鉴定中重点在提取,难点在结果判断。     

The effect of a photocatalytic air purifier on indoor air quality quantified using different measuring methods

The effect on indoor air quality of an air purifier based on photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) was determined by different measuring techniques: sensory assessments of air quality made by human subjects, Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and chromatographic methods (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography with UV detection). The experiment was conducted in a simulated office, ventilated with 0.6 h⁻¹, 2.5 h⁻¹ and 6 h⁻¹, in the presence of additional pollution sources (carpet, chipboard and linoleum). At the lowest air change rate, additional measurements were made with no pollution sources present in the office. All conditions were tested with the photocatalytic air purifier turned on and off. The results show that operation of the air purifier in the presence of pollutants emitted by building materials and furniture improves indoor air quality, as documented by sensory assessments made by human subjects. It also reduces concentrations of many chemical compounds present in the air as documented by the PTR-MS technique. For the lowest ventilation, results from measurements using the chromatographic methods have similar tendency, however many of the 50 compounds that were targeted for analysis were not detected at all, independent of whether the purifier was on or off. For the two conditions with higher ventilation the results were inconclusive.     

Analysis of selected phthalates in Canadian indoor dust collected using household vacuum and standardized sampling techniques

Phthalates have been used extensively as plasticizers to improve the flexibility of polymers, and they also have found many industrial applications. They are ubiquitous in the environment and have been detected in a variety of environmental and biological matrices. The goal of this study was to develop a method for the determination of 17 phthalate esters in house dust. This method involved sonication extraction, sample cleanup using solid phase extraction, and isotope dilution GC/MS/MS analysis. Method detection limits (MDLs) and recoveries ranged from 0.04 to 2.93 μg/g and from 84 to 117%, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of phthalates in 38 paired household vacuum samples (HD) and fresh dust (FD) samples. HD and FD samples compared well for the majority of phthalates detected in house dust. Data obtained from 126 household dust samples confirmed the historical widespread use of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), with a concentration range of 36 μg/g to 3840 μg/g. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) were also found in most samples at relatively high concentrations. Another important phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), was detected at a frequency of 98.4% with concentrations ranging from below its MDL of 0.51 μg/g to 69 μg/g.     

天然乳胶对乳胶海绵气体产生规律的影响

运用顶空-气质联用法测定20NR、80NR的乳胶海绵在不同温度下以及燃烧后残渣在固定温度下挥发性气体成分,并对其产生规律进行分析。加热炉设定温度50、80、120、120 ℃,加热时间为30 min。结果表明：80 ℃时天然乳胶含量为80NR的乳胶海绵产生的挥发性气体种类比20NR的多。120 ℃时,虽然挥发性气体种类数量相同,但80NR的挥发性气体更为复杂。同种天然乳胶含量的乳胶海绵产生的挥发性气体种类会随着温度的增加而增加。除乳胶80NR在50 ℃时未检测到Si大于90的化合物,其他均能检测到二硫化碳、正十一烷、十二碳烷这三类有一定毒性的挥发性气体。     

Investigation of pharmaceuticals in Missouri natural and drinking water using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A comprehensive method has been developed and validated in two different water matrices for the analysis of 16 pharmaceutical compounds using solid phase extraction (SPE) of water samples, followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. These 16 compounds include antibiotics, hormones, analgesics, stimulants, antiepileptics, and X-ray contrast media. Method detection limits (MDLs) that were determined in both reagent water and municipal tap water ranged from 0.1 to 9.9 ng/L. Recoveries for most of the compounds were comparable to those obtained using U.S. EPA methods. Treated and untreated water samples were collected from 31 different water treatment facilities across Missouri, in both winter and summer seasons, and analyzed to assess the 16 pharmaceutical compounds. The results showed that the highest pharmaceutical concentrations in untreated water were caffeine, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, at concentrations of 224, 77.2, and 70 ng/L, respectively. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals were generally higher during the winter months, as compared to those in the summer due, presumably, to smaller water quantities in the winter, even though pharmaceutical loadings into the receiving waters were similar for both seasons.