CVD金刚石薄膜抛光技术的研究进展

采用化学气相沉积方法在非金刚石衬底上沉积的金刚石薄膜,本质上为多晶,而且表面粗糙。本文论述了目前国际上出现的抛光ＣＶＤ金刚石薄膜的主要方法,包括机械抛光法、热－化学抛光法、化学－＝机械抛光法、等离子体／离子束抛光法以及激光抛光法等。     

CVD金刚石薄膜抛光技术的研究进展

采用化学气相沉积 (CVD)方法在非金刚石衬底上沉积的金刚石薄膜 ,本质上为多晶 ,而且表面粗糙。然而 ,在金刚石薄膜的许多重要应用领域 ,如光学和电子学 ,都要求金刚石薄膜具有光滑表面 ,以便器件的制备或后续加工。本文论述了目前国际上出现的抛光CVD金刚石薄膜的主要方法 ,包括机械抛光法、热 化学抛光法、化学 机械抛光法、等离子体 /离子束抛光法以及激光抛光法等 ,深入分析了这些抛光方法的优点和不足 ,指出了今后需要重点解决的问题。最后 ,展望了CVD金刚石薄膜抛光技术的发展趋势     

氧化铝基体表面预处理对金刚石薄膜生长的影响

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法,在经不同预处理的氧化铝衬底上沉积金刚石薄膜.用X射线衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜(SEM)对所得薄膜的成分、物相纯度和表面形貌进行表征,比较不同的预处理方式对金刚石薄膜生长的影响.结果表明,基体表面经过熔融碱腐蚀后形成薄膜的膜基结合良好且膜材质量最佳,但表面平整度较低;而基体只经金刚石微粉乙醇悬浊液超声处理则在沉积时金刚石容易成膜,且结构要更为致密;在经过酸腐蚀的基体上沉积金刚石薄膜时,容易在薄膜与基体之间先形成过渡层,而后才进行金刚石薄膜的沉积.所得结果表明熔融碱腐蚀处理是获得电学应用氧化铝基金刚石薄膜复合材料的最适宜的基体表面预处理.     

单晶金刚石机械研磨结合化学辅助机械抛光组合加工工艺

单晶金刚石因具有最高的硬度和最低的摩擦系数常被用来制备超精密刀具,而表面粗糙度是影响刀具寿命的重要指标.提出采用机械研磨结合化学辅助机械抛光的组合工艺抛光单晶金刚石.实验优化并确定的加工工艺如下:先用5μm和2μm金刚石粉研磨单晶金刚石表面,然后采用化学机械的方法去除机械研磨带来的损伤.用该工艺抛光单晶金刚石,表面粗糙度Ra可达0.8 nm(测量区域70μm×53μm).表面拉曼光谱分析表明化学机械抛光的表面只有1 332 cm-1拉曼峰.     

复合抛光对 CVD金刚石薄膜表面光洁度的改进研究

采用激光抛光和热化学抛光相结合的方法，对通过热丝CVD方法生长的金刚石薄膜进行了复合抛光处理．并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、拉曼光谱仪（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对金刚石薄膜进行了表征．结果表明，所合成的金刚石薄膜是高质量的多晶（111）取向膜；经复合抛光后，金刚石薄膜的结构没有因抛光而发生改变，金刚石薄膜的表面粗糙度明显降低，光洁度大幅度提高，表面粗糙度Ra在100nm左右，基本可以达到应用的要求．     

CVD金刚石膜高效超精密抛光技术

CVD金刚石膜作为光学透射窗口和新一代计算机芯片的材料,其表面必须得到高质量抛光,但是现存方法难以满足既高效又超精密的加工要求.本文提出机械抛光与化学机械抛光相结合的方法.首先,采用固结金刚石磨料抛光盘和游离金刚石磨料两种机械抛光方法对CVD金刚石膜进行粗加工,然后采用化学机械抛光的方法对CVD金刚石膜进行精加工.结果表明,采用游离磨料抛光时材料去除率远比固结磨料高,表面粗糙度最低达到42.2 nm.化学机械抛光方法在CVD金刚石膜的超精密抛光中表现出较大的优势,CVD金刚石膜的表面粗糙度为4.551 nm.     

微米及纳米金刚石薄膜的制备及其组织性能研究.

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法在铜衬底上沉积了微米和纳米两种金刚石薄膜,过渡层均为钛一铝一钼.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察薄膜的表面及断面形貌,用拉曼(Raman)光谱测量所得金刚石薄膜的质量,利用压痕法测试了所得薄膜的附着性能,研究结果表明:过渡层可有效提高微米金刚石薄膜在铜衬底上的附着力,反应气氛中Ar的存在可促使纳米金刚石薄膜的形成,改善薄膜表面的粗糙度.     

SiNx介质薄膜制备及其对GaN表面金刚石形核生长的影响

SiNx作为GaN和金刚石异质结构的中间层，不仅是下层GaN材料的保护层，也是上层金刚石的形核生长层，因此SiNx介质薄膜对于GaN表面合成高质量金刚石具有重要的意义。研究分别采用低压化学气相沉积（LPCVD）和磁控溅射（MS）方法在GaN-Si衬底上制备SiNx介质薄膜。利用扫描电镜、傅立叶红光光谱、X射线衍射、激光拉曼等技术对SiNx薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构和表面官能团等进行分析。结果表明，采用LPCVD镀制的非晶态SiNx介质薄膜经籽晶播种、形核生长金刚石后，金刚石/SiNx/GaN界面完整致密；采用MS制备的SiNx介质薄膜呈晶态特征，对应的界面出现明显的刻蚀坑。沉积方式会影响SiNx薄膜的晶体结构和微观形貌，高致密度的非晶态结构有利于金刚石层快速形核生长，对于构建金刚石基GaN结构更为有利。     

微-纳米复合金刚石薄膜的制备与性能研究

在钛-铝-钼为过渡层的Cu片上,用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法首先沉积一层微米金刚石薄膜,然后沉积纳米金刚石薄膜,制备了微-纳米复合金刚石薄膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察薄膜的表面形貌及界面状态,利用拉曼光谱及X射线衍射对薄膜微结构进行分析并采用压痕法检测了膜基间的结合力并观察了压痕的状态.结果表明,该薄膜下层颗粒粗大,是微米级的金刚石,上层颗粒细小,是纳米级的金刚石,薄膜表面平整光滑;薄膜的附着力与纳米金刚石沉积时间的长短有关,当沉积时间为2 h时,薄膜与衬底的结合力最好.     

电子回旋共振微波等离子化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜

采用国内研制的电子回旋共振化学气相沉积设备(ECRCVD),在单晶硅片上沉积出了金刚石薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X 射线衍射仪(XRD),激光拉曼谱仪(RAM)的测试,证明所沉积的薄膜具有明确的金刚石特征。所采用的 ECRCVD 设备,具有可以低压沉积、大面积均匀生长以及低温生长的优点。这种方法在合成金刚石光学膜,半导体膜以及其它薄膜方面有重要的应用前景。     

Diamond Pixel Detectors

Diamond based pixel detectors are a promising radiation-hard technology for use at the LHC. We present first results on a CMS diamond pixel sensor. With a threshold setting of 2000 electrons, an average pixel efficiency of 78% was obtained for normally incident minimum ionizing particles.     

Diamond fibre microheaters

Abstract

Free standing diamond fibres with 125 μm diameter tungsten wire or carburised steel cores coated by chemical vapour deposition with ～ 35 μm thick diamond were heated by passing an electric current through the cores. Tungsten wire cored fibres were heated to 1000°C in a vacuum without any visible change in the fibres. In air the diamond oxidised above ～550°C. The diamond fibres with the carburised steel core reached a maximum temperature of ～ 200°C before melting at a local hot spot. This core was also ferromagnetic and thus the fibre had a unique combination of properties. Oxidation produced a large increase in the diamond surface area and this effect might be used to enhance heat transfer in diamond fibre sensors and in diamond fibre-metal matrix composite thermal conductors.     

Diamond and biology

A summary of photo- and electrochemical surface modifications applied on single-crystalline chemical vapour deposition diamond films is given. The covalently bonded formation of amine and phenyl linker molecular layers is characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry and field-effect transistor characterization experiments. Amine and phenyl layers are very different with respect to formation, growth, thickness and molecular arrangement. We deduce a sub-monolayer of amine linker molecules on diamond with approximately 10% coverage of 1.510(15) cm(-2) carbon bonds. Amine is bonded only on initially H-terminated surface areas. In the case of electrochemical deposition of phenyl layers, multilayer properties are detected with three-dimensional nitrophenyl growth properties. This leads to the formation of typically 25 A thick layers. The electrochemical bonding to boron-doped diamond works on H-terminated and oxidized surfaces. After reacting such films with heterobifunctional cross-linker molecules, thiol-modified ss-DNA markers are bonded to the organic system. Application of fluorescence and AFM on hybridized DNA films shows dense arrangements with densities up to 10(13) cm(-2). The DNA is tilted by an angle of approximately 35 degrees with respect to the diamond surface. Shortening the bonding time of thiol-modified ss-DNA to 10 min causes a decrease in DNA density to approximately 10(12) cm(-2). Application of AFM scratching experiments shows threshold removal forces of approximately 75 and 45 nN for the DNA bonded to the phenyl and the amine linker molecules, respectively. First, DNA sensor applications using Fe(CN6) 3-/4- mediator redox molecules and DNA field-effect transistor devices are introduced and discussed.     

Analysis of the Phenomena of Diamond Synthesis by Seeding with Diamond

Synthesizing diamond single crystal by diamond seed particles which were electroplated with nickel film as catalyst under high pressure and high temperature （HPHT） was described. The microstructure of nickel film after synthesis and morphology of grown diamond were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively. The phase structure in nickel film were graphite, NiC, Ni, and diamond structure hadn＇t been found. A lot of recrystallized graphite pits appear in interface between the inner surface of nickel film and the surface diamond. It is shown that the new-grown diamond was developed epitaxially on the crystal planes of seeds. Also, the new-grown diamond grew by two-dimensional nucleation and by a layer growth mechanism. The growth process of crystal was microaggregate→step→expansion→new crystal layers, and the flat growth interface transformed into a cellular interface at the same time.