微波辅助-水相共沉淀法纳米ITO粉体的制备及其表征

利用微波辅助-水相共沉淀法,在InCl3和SnCl4混和溶液中添加PEG-6000,并滴加体积比1∶4浓度的氨水,并在不同反应温度(35～75℃)下制备了ITO前驱体,在温度800℃煅烧1h后得到纳米ITO粉体。利用SEM对纳米ITO粉体的形貌进行表征,用XRD对其结构、晶粒度和堆垛层数进行了表征,同时用纳米粒度Zeta电位分析仪对相应颗粒度进行了测试。讨论了微波辅助下不同反应体系温度对制备的纳米ITO粉体的形貌和尺寸的影响,并探讨了其机理,研究结果表明,随着反应体系温度的上升,纳米ITO粉体形貌由球形转为棒形,其晶体结构不变,晶粒粒径和颗粒度随着增大;反应体系温度的升高使纳米ITO晶粒不同晶面的晶粒度不同程度地增大,以及不同晶面垂直方向晶面不同程度地增多,是球形ITO晶粒成为棒形ITO晶粒的基础。     

表面活性剂辅助室温固相合成BaCO_3纳米棒

用表面活性剂聚乙二醇400为形貌控制剂,通过室温固相反应成功制备出BaCO3纳米棒.纳米棒的直径为80～160nm、长度为150nm～1.5μm.研究结果表明,在反应过程中,表面活性剂所形成的结构对最终纳米晶的形貌起着决定性的作用.用X射线粉末衍射和透射显微镜技术对所制备纳米晶的成分、形状和尺寸进行了表征分析.对Ba-CO3纳米棒的形成机理作了深入的讨论,提出了BaCO3纳米棒的表面活性剂软模板诱导自组装生长机理.     

半导体纳米材料Zn(en)3 Se,ZnSe及其光学性能研究

以有机溶剂热技术制备片状Zn（en）3Se（en为乙二胺）纳米材料,DTG、IR、XRD分析结果表明该化合物中乙二胺与中心离子Zn^2＋通过配位键相结合;以制得的纳米Zn（en）3Se为母体,在氮气氛中煅烧至980℃,热分解制得棒状纳米ZnSe;以TEM、ED初步研究了两者的形貌、结构;以提拉法分别将Zn（en）3Se、ZnSe纳米材料涂布在ITO导电玻璃上,制得纳米颗粒／ITO复合膜,并研究其光学特性。结果表明,Zn（en）3Se属立方晶系,呈片状结构;ZnSe属六方纤锌矿型,棒直径在40nm左右;可能的生长机理是乙二胺作为模板分子,首先嵌入到ZnSe无机结构框架中,接着受热分解逃逸出无机框架形成一维纳米棒。PL分析表明Zn（en）3Se的荧光红移至448nm处。     

孔状氧化铜纳米棒的制备及其催化性能研究

以硝酸铜为铜源,采用尿素矿化剂,通过水热法制得纳米氧化铜前驱体,高温煅烧后得到长21μm,直径200nm的氧化铜多孔纳米捧,所得产品尺寸均一,微孔分布均匀,排列整齐.通过IR、XRD、SEM以及TEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征.研究表明,所制备的纳米氧化铜多孔棒无需任何制样处理对氯酸钾和过氧化氢具有较高的催化活性,当n(...     

表面活性剂辅助低温固相合成CuS纳米棒

用表面活性剂聚乙二醇400为形貌控制剂,通过低温固相反应成功制备出CuS纳米棒.纳米棒的直径为10～60 nm、长度为100～600 nm.研究结果表明,在反应过程中,表面活性剂所形成的结构对最终纳米晶的形貌起着决定性的作用.用X射线粉末衍射和透射显微镜技术对所制备纳米晶的成分、形状和尺寸进行了表征分析.对CuS纳米棒的形成机理作了深入的讨论,提出了CuS纳米棒的表面活性剂软模板诱导自组装生长机理.     

CdSe纳米棒的制备及光电性能研究

采用水热法制备了CdSe纳米棒,并用TEM、SEM、XRD、TGA-DTA对其进行了表征.结果表明,纳米棒直径在100nm左右,长度约300nm;纳米棒具有闪锌矿的结构;将CdSe纳米棒均匀涂在导电玻璃的导电面上,在400℃下煅烧30min后制备成纳米棒膜电极,并进行了光电化学研究,纳米棒膜结构电极最高单色光的光电转换效率(IPCE)可达74%.     

Co-ZnO稀磁半导体纳米棒的水热合成研究

文章利用水热反应法制备出单晶结构的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒,并对其形貌和结构进行表征。透射电子显微镜（TEM）结果表明,首先制备得到的纳米ZnO颗粒粒径分布窄,尺寸在50nm左右;用其作为生长Co-ZnO纳米棒的核而进一步反应得到的产物结晶完整,棒直径在40．70nm范围内,棒长一般在0．5μm左右,纳米棒沿着[001]方向生长。同时对反应中ZnO核以及PEG对纳米棒生长的影响进行了讨论。     

直流电弧法回收ITO废靶技术研究

本文提出一种新型的ITO废靶回收技术,采用直流电弧法将ITO废靶气化制成纳米ITO粉末,实现废靶的回收.借助XRD(X射线衍射)和TEM(透射电子显微镜)等技术对粉末进行表征,发现经回收制备的ITO粉末为单一的立方In2O3结构,颗粒多以四方和类球形两种形貌存在,粒度尺寸在5- 200nm范围内.     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米ITO粉体及结构表征

以InCl3·5H2O和SnCl4·5H2O为原料,在掺杂浓度In2O3与SnO2的质量比为9∶1的条件下,采用化学共沉淀法合成了纳米ITO粉体。利用TEM、XRD、IR、粒度分布仪等实验手段对粉体的形貌、物相、粒度进行了表征,讨论了煅烧温度对粉体物相和粒度的影响。研究结果表明:当煅烧温度>300℃时,可以获得立方In2O3结构的球形纳米ITO粉体。     

ZnO纳米四脚状阵列电极染料敏化太阳能电池

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备了不同尺寸的四脚状纳米ZnO和ZnO纳米棒。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纳米ZnO的晶型结构和形貌进行表征,研究结果表明CVD法制备的四脚状纳米ZnO具有三维空间结构,其最小平均臂宽约为70nm,臂长约300nm,制备的纳米棒直径约为84nm,长约2μm,且都为六方纤锌矿晶型结构。将ZnO纳米四脚状及纳米棒利用滚涂法在FTO导电玻璃上形成ZnO光阳极,经N719染料敏化后组装成染料敏化太阳能电池,光电性能结果表明,染料敏化小尺寸的四脚状纳米ZnO太阳能电池光电转换效率(η=1.88%)高于染料敏化大尺寸的四脚状纳米ZnO太阳能电池光电转换效率(η=1.18%),远高于染料敏化ZnO纳米棒太阳能电池的光电转换效率(η=0.7%)。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from