小分子封闭提高固定化青霉素酰化酶的稳定性

为提高青霉素酰化酶的催化性能和热稳定性,在酶组装过程中添加小分子试剂对介孔泡沫硅载体表面过量的活化位点进行封闭。详细考察了小分子添加质量分数和种类对青霉素酰化酶负载率、催化活力及热稳定性的影响。实验结果得到:经精氨酸封闭的固定化酶活力提高至1.92倍;甘氨酸封闭的固定化酶5 h的50℃热稳定性提高至2.9倍,甘氨酸和谷氨酸封闭的固定化酶50℃热处理25 h仍保持87.9%和82.2%的残余活力;甘氨酸和谷氨酸封闭的固定化酶最适催化pH值向中性偏移且对pH值的耐受性增强。结果表明,在青霉素酰化酶共价组装过程中添加合适的小分子封闭能显著提高酶的催化性能和热稳定性。     

弱碱性大孔树脂固定化氨基酰化酶的性能研究

对以弱碱性大孔阴离子树脂二乙胺基乙基羟乙酯(DEAE-E/H)为载体制备得到的固定化氨基酰化酶的性质进行系统研究。结果表明,DEAE-E/H固定化氨基酰化酶具有很好的热稳定性。与自由酶相比,固定化酶的最适反应温度分别由47℃变为57℃,pH值由7.0变为6.5,并且最适反应条件范围明显变宽。Co2+对固定化酶活力具有较强的激活作用,其最佳浓度为1×10-3mol/L。分别对其在间歇和连续操作过程巾的反应进行研究,结果表明,固定化酶具有较高的操作稳定性。     

分子筛固定氨基酰化酶I的研究

以Y型分子筛为载体,分别采用吸附法、吸附-戊二醛交联法、偶联法和偶联-重氮法4种方法对氨基酰化酶I进行固定化。 研究发现偶联法获得的分子筛固定化酶的活性最高,达0.258 IUmg-1,并对分子筛固定化酶最适pH值、最适反应温度、重复使用性和米氏常数进行了测定;结果表明该载体适合氨基酰化酶I的固定,可以获得较高的酶活力,分子筛固定化酶的最适pH值、最适反应温度都有所拓宽。     

分子筛固定氨基酰化酶Ⅰ的研究

以Y型分子筛为载体,分别采用吸附法、吸附-戊二醛交联法、偶联法和偶联-重氮法4种方法对氨基酰化酶I进行固定化。 研究发现偶联法获得的分子筛固定化酶的活性最高,达0.258 IUmg-1,并对分子筛固定化酶最适pH值、最适反应温度、重复使用性和米氏常数进行了测定;结果表明该载体适合氨基酰化酶I的固定,可以获得较高的酶活力,分子筛固定化酶的最适pH值、最适反应温度都有所拓宽。     

磁性SiO2纳米粒子的制备及其用于漆酶固定化

以氨基修饰的磁性SiO2纳米粒子为载体,通过交联剂戊二醛固定漆酶,对固定化条件进行了优化,比较了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学性质. 结果表明,漆酶固定化的最佳条件为戊二醛浓度8%(w),固定化时间6 h,缓冲液pH值7.0,初始酶液浓度0.15 g/L. 固定化的漆酶的最适pH为4.0,最适温度为20℃. 在60℃条件下保温4 h,固定化漆酶仍能保持酶活力60.9%,在连续10次操作后,酶活力仍能保持55%以上,其热稳定性和操作稳定性均比游离酶高.     

磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷的研究

本文在磁性Fe3O4外包覆一层SiO2,再在其外包裹壳聚糖制备出磁性硅基壳聚糖微球（MSC）,对MSC进行环氧基修饰后用于柚苷酶的固定化研究,并对磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷的pH、温度、操作和储藏稳定性进行了考察。通过单因素实验,确定了环氧基修饰的磁性硅基壳聚糖微球（MSCE）固定化柚苷酶的最佳工艺条件为：pH 3.0,温度30 ℃,时间4 h、给酶量57.48 U/mL。在此条件下,MSCE固定化柚苷酶的载酶率、酶活回收率和酶比活力分别为31.29%、88.92%和409.33 U/g。与游离柚苷酶相比,MSCE固定化柚苷酶用于水解柚皮苷具有良好的pH稳定性和温度稳定性,重复使用8次后仍具有53.36%的相对酶活力,4 ℃条件储存一个月后仍具有80.97%的相对酶活力。     

磁性凝胶包埋固定仲醇脱氢酶研究

采用原位共聚法制备了磁性凝胶包埋固定化仲醇脱氢酶,并将其用于催化手性R-乙醇基吡啶的合成,通过SEM和VSM对其形貌和磁性进行了表征,并对其酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明,固定化仲醇脱氢酶具有较高的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,最适反应温度为45℃,最适反应pH值为7.0;重复使用5次后的残留活性为41%;利用磁性凝胶包埋固定仲醇脱氢酶,方法简单,操作简便,且易于回收重复使用。     

磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷

在磁性Fe3O4外包覆一层SiO_2,再在其外包裹壳聚糖制备出磁性硅基壳聚糖微球(MSC),对MSC进行环氧基修饰后用于柚苷酶的固定化研究,并对磁性硅基壳聚糖微球固定化柚苷酶水解柚皮苷的pH、温度、操作和储藏稳定性进行了考察。通过单因素实验,确定了环氧基修饰的磁性硅基壳聚糖微球(MSCE)固定化柚苷酶的最佳工艺条件为:pH 3.0,温度30℃,时间4 h、给酶量57.48 U/mL。在该条件下,MSCE固定化柚苷酶的载酶率、酶活回收率和酶比活力分别为31.29%、88.92%和409.33 U/g。与游离柚苷酶相比,MSCE固定化柚苷酶用于水解柚皮苷具有良好的pH稳定性和温度稳定性,重复使用7次后仍具有53.36%的相对酶活力,4℃条件贮存30 d后仍具有80.97%的相对酶活力。     

介孔纳米孔道中单维交联酶策略固定青霉素酰化酶

为解决酶固定化过程中稳定性较差的问题,将单维交联酶策略引入青霉素酰化酶的固定化中,通过在介孔泡沫硅载体(MCFs)表面初步吸附作用将酶固定,再用对本醌对酶分子进行交联,从而制得单维交联酶聚体。实验结果显示:单维交联酶聚体(CLEA)的稳定性有明显提高,最适温度从游离酶的45℃上升到55℃,催化温度的适用范围更宽,在50℃下热处理25 h仍保持74.4%活力,在测试操作稳定性方面,连续操作15次,其酶活保持在61.9%。     

多酚氧化酶的改性蛭石固定化及其催化特性研究

以马铃薯为原料,提取其中的多酚氧化酶,采用改性蛭石为载体,对其进行固定化,研究游离与固定化酶的最适催化温度、pH值,固定化酶的储存稳定性、重复使用稳定性及对苯酚的清除性能。结果表明,改性后蛭石出现了较多沟壑状孔隙,颗粒质感疏松,有利于固定化酶分子;最佳固定化条件为:改性蛭石含量0.4 g,戊二醛浓度2.0%,搅拌时间2 h,在此条件下,酶活力回收率可达到60.67%;游离与固定化酶的最适催化温度均为50℃,最适催化pH值均为7.0;固定化酶4℃下储存28 d后酶活力可保留52.1%,具有较好的储存稳定性;重复使用5次后,仍能保持61.0%的初始活性,说明固定化酶构象较稳定,固定化马铃薯多酚氧化酶对苯酚具有较好的清除性能。     

以凹土颗粒稳定的乳液为模板制备复合微球固定化酶

以凹土颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液为模板聚合有机/无机复合微球,并以此为载体固定化脂肪酶,当脂肪酶浓度为0.020wt％,固定化温度为45 ℃及pH=7.4的条件下,固定化效果较好,酶活达到最大.脂肪酶固定化后显示出较好的热稳定性、储存稳定性,重复使用三次后酶活仍与游离酶的初始酶活相近.从而为酶的固定化的提供了一条新的途径.     

Covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto amine-functionalized PVC membranes for 6-APA production from penicillin hydrolysis process. II. Enzyme immobilization and characterization

This article describes the covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) onto glutaraldehyde-activated NH₂-PVC membranes. The immobilized enzyme was used for 6-aminopenicillanic acid production from penicillin hydrolysis. Parameters affecting the immobilization process, which affecting the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme, such as enzyme concentration, immobilization's time and temperature were investigated. Enzyme concentration and immobilization's time were found of determine effect. Higher activity was obtained through performing enzyme immobilization at room temperature. Both optimum temperature (35°C) and pH (8.0) of immobilized enzyme have not been altered upon immobilization. However, immobilized enzyme acquires stability against changes in the substrate's pH and temperature values especially in the higher temperature region and lower pH region. The residual relative activities after incubation at 60°C were more than 75% compared to 45% for free enzyme and above 50% compared to 20% for free enzyme after incubation at pH 4.5. The apparent kinetic parameters K_M and V_M were determined. K_M of the immobilized PGA (125.8 mM) was higher than that of the free enzyme (5.4 mM), indicating a lower substrate affinity of the immobilized PGA. Operational stability for immobilized PGA was monitored over 21 repeated cycles. The catalytic membranes were retained up to 40% of its initial activity after 10.5 working h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

磁性聚乙烯醇微球固定化α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶

采用分散聚合法,用Fe3O4磁流体和PVA分子单体共聚合,制备表面富含羟基和羧基等官能团,粒径分布在8～64µm的磁性聚乙烯醇微球。以CDI为一种PVA的羧基化剂,并通过共价结合固定化法,使ALDC固定到磁性聚乙烯醇微球表面上。结果,固定化ALDC的总活力、蛋白载量、比活和活性回收率分别为65180U/g、74.72mg/g、872.32U/mg和48.71％。固定化ALDC的最适温度和最适pH值分别为50℃和6.0。ALDC被固定化后其热稳定性、操作稳定性、pH稳定性均比自由酶提高。固定化ALDC在４℃、pH 6.0磷酸缓冲液中保存31d,其相对活力仍保持95.7％,这比其自由酶的提高7个百分点。     

磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及其用于甲酸脱氢酶的固定化

分别采用乳化交联法和共沉淀法制备磁性壳聚糖微球载体,并对形貌结构进行比较,结果表明,采用共沉淀法制备的磁性壳聚糖微球负载Fe3O4的效果好,故将其作为载体固定甲酸脱氢酶。最佳固定化条件:添加酶量9 U.g-1,pH=7.0,固定化时间5 h。游离酶和固定化酶的最适宜反应温度分别为50℃和30℃;游离酶的最适宜pH=7.0,固定化酶的最适宜pH=6.0;将游离酶和固定化酶分别置于60℃恒温水浴放置180 min后,游离酶和固定化酶的相对酶活力分别为0.78%和40.39%;将游离酶和固定化酶置于不同pH的缓冲液中保存1 h后,在强酸(pH=2.0)和强碱(pH=10.0)条件下,固定化酶的相对酶活力分别为11.03%和38.43%,游离酶已全部失活;固定化酶重复使用6次后,相对酶活力为73.53%,表明固定化酶具有较好的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性和操作稳定性。     

α‐Amylase immobilized by Fe3O4/poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) magnetic composite microspheres: Preparation and characterization

Fe₃O₄/poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) core–shell composite microspheres, suitable for binding enzymes, were prepared using magnetite particles as seeds by copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride. The magnetite particles were encapsulated by polyethylene glycol, which improved the affinity between the magnetite particles and the monomers, thus showing that the size of the microspheres, the amount of the surface anhydrides, and the magnetite content in the composite are highly dependent on magnetite particles, comonomer ratio, and dispersion medium used in the polymerization. The composite microspheres, having 0.08–0.8 μm diameter and containing 100–800 μg magnetite/g microspheres and 0–18 mmol surface‐anhydride groups/g microsphere, were obtained. Free α‐amylase was immobilized on the microspheres containing reactive surface‐anhydride groups by covalent binding. The effects of immobilization on the properties of the immobilized α‐amylase [magnetic immobilized enzyme (MIE)] were studied. The activity of MIE and protein binding capacity reached 113,800 U and 544.3 mg/g dry microspheres, respectively. The activity recovery was 47.2%. The MIE had higher optimum temperature and pH compared with those of free α‐amylase and showed excellent thermal, storage, pH, and operational stability. Furthermore, it can be easily separated in a magnetic field and reused repeatedly. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 328–335, 2005     

改性琼脂糖微球固定化甘油脱氢酶的研究

通过膜乳化法制备琼脂糖微球,利用环氧氯丙烷活化琼脂糖微球,并与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)反应引入氨基,得到胺化琼脂糖微球。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对微球的形貌和结构进行表征。通过戊二醛(GA)共价固定甘油脱氢酶(GlyDH),并催化甘油生成1,3-二羟基丙酮(DHA)。结果表明,膜乳化过程可改善载体的球形度,PEI分子量对接枝微球的N元素含量有显著影响。固定化酶的储存稳定性和循环使用性均高于游离酶。     

Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on different PGMA‐based polymeric microspheres using response surface methodology: Optimization of conditions

Enzymatic immobilization is a versatile alternative to improve enzyme stability and enable its reuse. In this study, the change in the immobilized enzyme properties due to the type of functional group on the carrier was evaluated. For that, monodisperse polymeric microspheres with two functional groups widely used in laccase immobilization—oxirane [poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)] and hydrazide—were synthesized by dispersion polymerization to covalently immobilize the laccase Trametes versicolor. Using a response surface methodology, laccase immobilization was optimized for each microsphere type. As a result, laccase immobilization on PGMA carriers appears to broaden the pH and temperature ranges, storage stability, and reusability compared to free and hydrazide enzymes. These aforementioned characteristics indicate that PGMA microspheres could act as an ideal support for enzyme immobilization in biotechnological applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45249.     

磁性聚乙烯醇缩丁醛微球固定化α-淀粉酶

制备出磁性聚乙烯醇缩丁醛微球,并用该微球做载体,采用共价交联法固定α 淀粉酶。最佳固定化工艺条件为:pH=6 07,激活和交联时戊二醛的质量分数分别为4%和0 025%。在最佳固定化条件下所制磁性固定化酶的活力为25426 3U/g微球,蛋白载量为187 2mg/g微球,比活为135 8U/mg蛋白,活性回收率为36 9%。磁性固定化酶的理化性质为:磁性固定化酶的最适温度(60℃)比自由酶(50℃)高,最适pH(6 97)与自由酶相同,磁性固定化酶Km(米氏常数)值(5 7×10-4kg/L)较自由酶Km值(5 0×10-4kg/L)大,热稳定性、pH稳定性及操作稳定性均比自由酶有所提高。     

Stability of β‐galactosidase immobilized on composite microspheres of artemisia seed gum and chitosan

In this work, composite microspheres were prepared by using artemisia seed gum and chitosan as a source. The composite microspheres have activated aldehyde groups by using glutaraldehyde. β‐Galactosidase was covalently bound on these activated microspheres. The properties of the immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared with those of the free enzyme, for which o‐nitrophenol β‐D ‐galactopyranoside (ONPG) was chosen as a substrate. The results showed that the pH and thermal stability of the immobilized β‐galactosidase were higher than those of the soluble one. Apart from these, the Michaelis constant K_m was evaluated for the immobilized β‐galactosidase and the soluble enzyme. The immobilized β‐galactosidase exhibited better environmental adaptability and reusability than the soluble one. POLYM. COMPOS., 29:9–14, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation and characterization of polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their application in Subtilisin immobilization

The preparation and characterization of polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and their application in Subtilisin (Alcalase®) immobilization were investigated. For the synthesis of polymer-coated MSNs, acrylic acid (AA) and chitosan (CS) mixture were blended as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and CS polymer layer onto MSNs via in-situ polymerization technique. Then, both uncoated MSNs and polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CS-PAA/MSNs) were characterized by taking into account properties such as morphologic pattern, size distribution, surface charge of the particles as well as thermogravimetric stability with SEM, TEM, Zetasizer and TGA analyses. Subtilisin was immobilized onto polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles via adsorption technique. For optimizing the enzyme immobilization process, the percent enzyme loading depending on the matrix amount, immobilization time and pH were investigated. Then, the activity values of immobilized enzyme and free enzyme were compared at various pH and temperature values. The maximum enzyme activity was achieved at pH 9.0 for both immobilized and free enzyme. Immobilized enzyme showed more stability at higher temperatures compared with free enzyme. Furthermore, the operational and storage stability of immobilized enzyme were determined. The activity of immobilized enzyme was reduced from 100% to 45.83% after five repeated uses. The storage stability of immobilized enzyme was found to be higher than that of free enzyme. The activity of immobilized enzyme was reduced from 100% to 60% after 28 days of storage time. We concluded that the polymer-coated MSNs were a suitable matrix for Subtilisin immobilization compared to uncoated MSNs.