乙氧亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯的应用研究进展

介绍了乙氧亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯的基本性质、结构及合成,叙述了其合成吡唑、嘧啶、喹啉等多种杂环,建议对亲核试剂反应条件参数进一步优化,加强水作溶剂、甲氧亚甲基丙二酸二甲酯替代乙氧亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯等原子经济性绿色化学理念的研究,充分发挥乙氧亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯及其类似物中亚甲基作为有用的砌块作用,进一步衍生杂环中间体的等。     

特种脂肪族异氰酸酯TMDI合成技术

介绍了三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（TMDI）的用途与合成路线,通过由异佛尔酮经三甲基环己醇、三甲基己二酸、三甲基己二腈、三甲基己二胺5个步骤来合成TMDI,涉及加氢、氧化、氨化脱水、光气化等反应类型,分析了各合成步骤的技术关键及难点。     

几种水杨醛衍生物的合成以及Schiff-碱双位配体与其还原产物的制备

报道了5-甲基-3-亚甲基哌啶水杨醛及5-溴-3-亚甲基哌啶水杨醛和5-溴-3-亚甲基吗啡林水杨醛的合成;同时报道了含二级胺桥联的Salen-类Schiff碱及其还原产物的合成。初步研究分析了双位配体Schiff碱的金属盐配合物的稳定性及其水解产物。并通过核磁共振、红外、质谱等手段对相关化合物结构进行了表征。     

Synthesis of several salicylaldehyde derivatives and preparation of two novel dltovic ligands derived from Schiff base

报道了5-甲基-3-亚甲基哌啶水杨醛及5-溴-3-亚甲基哌啶水杨醛和5-溴-3-亚甲基吗啡林水杨醛的合成;同时报道了含二级胺桥联的Salen-类Schiff碱及其还原产物的合成.初步研究分析了双位配体Schiff碱的金属盐配合物的稳定性及其水解产物.并通过核磁共振、红外、质谱等手段对相关化合物结构进行了表征.     

芳基亚甲基丙二腈衍生物合成的研究进展

丙二腈具有许多优良的化学性质,是重要的有机合成中间体。芳亚甲基丙二腈作为丙二腈的衍生物,在农药、医药等方面有重要应用,同时也是合成杂环化合物及药物的重要中间体。本文主要针对芳基亚甲基丙二腈类衍生物的合成方法以及发展前景进行综述。     

乙氧亚甲基丙二腈和乙氧亚甲基氰乙酸乙酯的合成与应用进展

介绍了乙氧亚甲基丙二腈和乙氧亚甲基氰乙酸乙酯及其类似物的基本特性,叙述了它们的合成方法及其在有机合成,特别是杂环有机物合成等方面的应用.认为国内外尚缺乏对它们的系统研究,其作为有用的砌块尚未得到充分发挥.建议加强对二甲胺基亚甲基丙二腈和二甲胺基亚甲基氰乙酸甲酯的研究,使其得到更广泛的应用;同时应加强对乙氧亚甲基氰乙酸乙...     

一种合成α-亚甲基环酮方法的改进

通过优化以环酮与草酸二乙酯为原料合成α 亚甲基环酮方法的反应时间、反应介质及反应温度,发现其最佳反应条件为:先以DMSO为溶剂,环酮与草酸二乙酯及氢化钠在常温下反应8h,随后在-15℃、碱性条件(pH≈9 0)下与w(HCHO)=37%的甲醛水溶液作用2h得到α 亚甲基环酮。合成了α 亚甲基环戊酮、α 亚甲基环己酮和α 亚甲基异佛乐酮。目标产物质量分数都大于95%,总收率都大于70%。     

二苄叉山梨醇类透明剂合成技术及发展

综述了国内外二苄叉山梨醇类透明剂的发展及合成技术;分别介绍了有关第一代二苄叉山梨醇类透明剂二苯亚甲基山梨醇(DBS),第二代二苄叉山梨醇类透明剂双(对-甲基-二苯亚甲基山梨醇) (MDBS)、双(对-乙基-二苯亚甲基山梨醇)(EDBS)和第三代二苄叉山梨醇类透明剂双(3,4-二甲基-二苯亚甲基山梨醇(DMDBS)的合成方法。     

DPT的一种新合成法

本文介绍由脲、甲醛、硝酸及氨水等为原料,经中间产物亚甲基二脲和亚甲基二硝基脲合成3,7—二硝基—1,3,5,7—四氮杂二环[3,3,1]壬烷(简称DPT)的新方法。     

Ni-BDC/琼脂糖复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

本文采用溶剂热法合成金属有机框架材料Ni-BDC,然后将粉末状的Ni-BDC与高分子材料琼脂糖进行复合,得到易于从水中分离的复合材料Ni-BDC/琼脂糖。研究复合材料Ni-BDC/琼脂糖对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。系统的研究接触时间、亚甲基蓝初始浓度及温度等因素对Ni-BDC/琼脂糖吸附去除亚甲基蓝效果的影响。采用等温吸附模型、吸附动力学模型及吸附热力学对Ni-BDC/琼脂糖吸附亚甲基蓝的作用机理和行为进行探究和分析。Ni-BDC/琼脂糖对亚甲基蓝的吸附更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和吸附二级动力学模型。Ni-BDC/琼脂糖对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程是吸热的、自发的。     

中国基础磷化工产业现状与展望

以磷肥、黄磷、热法磷酸、三聚磷酸钠、饲料磷酸氢钙等产品为例,阐述了基础磷化工产业现状,针对基础磷化工产品同质化、技术等同化、市场过剩的局面,分析了产生问题的原因。指出基础磷化工必须淘汰落后产能,必须依靠技术进步降低生产成本,实现产品结构的升级与调整;而技术进步的重点在于实现原子经济效益、能源利用和劳动生产效率三者的最大化以及消耗的最小化,要不断开发满足社会需求的新产品。此外,还对相关的政策法规和规章制度提出建议。     

5种新型杀菌剂对4种鱼的急性毒性及安全性评价

为评价5种新型杀菌剂的环境安全性,采用半静态法测定了其对4种鱼的急性毒性。结果表明,氟醚菌酰胺对斑马鱼、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)均大于100 mg/L,对青鳉的LC_(50)(96 h)为35.25 mg/L,其急性毒性均为低毒;氟吡菌胺对斑马鱼、青鳉、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为1.49、0.56、0.35、1.04 mg/L,其对斑马鱼和凤尾鲫急性毒性为中毒,对青鳉和稀有鮈鲫为高毒;苯噻菌胺对斑马鱼、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)均大于100 mg/L,对青锵的LC_(50)(96 h)为88.23mg/L,其急性毒性均为低毒;嘧菌酯对斑马鱼、青鳉、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为106.80、0.44、85.96、4.61 mg/L,其对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫急性毒性为低毒,对青鳉急性毒性为高毒,对凤尾鲫为中毒;醚菌酯对斑马鱼、青鳝、稀有鮈鲫和凤尾鲫的LC_(50)(96 h)分别为0.77、0.66、0.51、0.81 mg/L,其对4种鱼急性毒性均为高毒。明确这些药剂的环境安全性对指导其科学使用,保护环境生物均有较大意义。     

Major Trends in Refractories Industry at the Beginning of the 21st Century

An analysis of the present and of the future of the refractories industry is being presented,considering some improtant techincal,economical,human and environmental issues,on a worldwide basis,Refractories still needed as confinement materials to prevent heat and mass transfer losses in many diverse manufacturing industries,and will remain so ,but the main challenges,this industry do need to neet,are to adjust to and overcapacity production ,to cope with new needs of the customers,in particular the “outsourcing“,which is a new custome/supplier rela-tionship being adopted by many of them,and more compet-itive arena.Among the direct consequences,are the need to keep the education world in refractory engineering training aliver and to cope with macro and micro projects to change the image of the Refractories,from a commodity material to a sophisticated “high-tech“ compostie material.Some suggestions are provided in the text.     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

Impact of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatment on energy consumption during drying,grinding, and pelletization of corn stover

Pretreatment and densification of biomass can increase the viability of bioenergy production by providing a feedstock that is readily hydrolyzed and able to be transported over greater distances. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX?) is one such method targeted for use at distributed depots to create a value-added and densified feedstock for bioenergy use. However, the pretreatment process results in a high-moisture material that must be dried, further size reduced, and pelletized, all of which are energy-intensive processes. This work quantifies the energy consumption required to dry, grind, and densify AFEX-pretreated corn stover compared to non-pretreated stover and explores the potential of reduced drying as a means to conserve energy. The purpose of this work is to understand whether material property changes resulting from AFEX pretreatment influence the material performance in downstream formatting operations. Material properties, heat balance equations, and a rotary drum dryer model were used to model a commercial-scale rotary drum dryer for AFEX-pretreated corn stover, showing the potential to reduce dryer energy consumption by up to 36% compared to non-pretreated corn stover. Laboratory-measured grinding and pelleting energies were both very sensitive to material moisture content. Overall, the total energy required for drying, grinding, and pelleting amounts to a savings of up to 23 kWh/dry Mg for the AFEX-pretreated material when dried to a low moisture content, equating to up to 0.61 $/Mg savings for gas and electricity. Grinding and pelleting of high-moisture AFEX-pretreated stover was shown to be more costlier than the savings collected through reduced drying. Although the energy and cost savings shown here are modest, the results help to highlight operational challenges and opportunities for continued improvement.     

Discriminative Response to Animal, But Not Plant, Chemicals by an Insectivorous, Actively Foraging Lizard, Scincella lateralis, and Differential Response to Surface and Internal Prey Cues

Responses by the insectivorous, actively foraging scincid lizard, Scincella lateralis, to chemical cues from a plant food favored by herbivorous lizards, its ability to discriminate prey chemicals from control substances, and its relative response to internal and surface prey chemicals were studied experimentally. We presented chemical cues to the lizards on cotton swabs and recorded their tongue-flicks and biting attacks on the swabs. The lizards exhibited significantly greater tongue-flick rates and biting frequencies to prey surface cues than to plant surface chemicals from romaine lettuce, diluted cologne (pungency control), and deionized water. Responses to the plant stimuli did not differ from those to the two control stimuli, in contrast with strong responses to the same plant cues by herbivores. This finding provides the first information suggesting that chemosensory response may be adapted to diet, with responsiveness to plant stimuli evolving de novo in herbivores. Biting and tongue-flicking responses were significantly greater to cricket chemicals than to all other stimuli, among which there were no differences. Thus, the lizards are capable of prey chemical discrimination, which may be ubiquitous among actively foraging lizards. The lizards exhibited more frequent biting and higher tongue-flick rates to internal than surface prey chemicals. Although different methods of stimulus preparation are appropriate for different purposes, we conclude that prey surface chemicals available to foraging lizards are most desirable for studies bearing on location and identification of prey.     

提高学生综合与创新能力多种教学方式的探索

以《材料化学》、《复合材料》、《材料现代分析技术》和《材料导论》等专业课为载体,结合高分子科学与工程系科研优势和资源,探索启发式、参与式和专题讨论课等多种教学方式,将其应用到专业课教学中,以提高学生综合与创新能力为目标进行教学研究与实践。在理论课教学上注重思维训练,传授学习方法,提高学生学习自主性;注重课程之间对学生综合能力培养的协同作用。鼓励学生开拓思路,鼓励创新,配合教师完成每个教学环节,由此加深学生对课程知识的理解,有效地提高综合能力。     

我国现代煤化工产业发展现状及对石油化工产业的影响

介绍了我国煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制天然气、煤制乙二醇等几种现代煤化工技术及其产业化发展现状,探讨了现代煤化工的资源消耗、CO₂排放及产业发展过程中的相关问题;同时,分析了现代煤化工产能增长对石油化工产业的影响。结论认为,我国石油对外依存度逐年上升,发展现代煤化工是对石油化工的有益补充,是发挥我国煤炭资源优势、保障国家能源安全的重要途径;近年来我国现代煤化工取得快速发展,但总体来说产业发展之路仍在探索之中,需要深入研究、稳步试点、慎重推广。随着我国现代煤化工产能不断释放,其与石油化工的竞争逐渐凸显,石化企业应注重创新驱动,发挥产品差异化优势,同时降低生产成本,与现代煤化工企业实现优势互补、互利双赢。     

Effect of catalysts in the quality of syngas and by-products obtained by co-gasification of coal and wastes. 1. Tars and nitrogen compounds abatement

The aim of this work is to analyse the possibility of using co-gasification technology to process coal mixed with wastes to take profit of its energy content and at the same time to minimize the environmental impact associated with the use of wastes and to diminish the costs of flue gas treatment. The addition to coal of different types of materials, like: pine based waste, petcoke and polyethylene (PE), was not found to give rise to any operational problems, regarding both the feeding system and gasification process and led to higher energy conversions, however, the gas presented higher tars and hydrocarbons content. Several catalysts were tested, such as, dolomite, olivine, nickel and magnesium oxides, zinc oxides and cobalt and molybdenum oxides. Catalyst action was analysed in tars release and also in ammonia compounds reduction. The presence of catalysts allowed increasing hydrogen release, whilst there was a decrease in hydrocarbons and tars contents. A nickel-magnesium oxide was the catalyst that led to the highest reduction in hydrocarbons and tars. This catalyst also led to the lowest NH₃ content in the fuel gas produced, due to the catalyst efficiency in NH₃ destruction.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。