采用光纤滤波器的高波长稳定性掺铒光纤光源

研究了双程后向结构掺铒光纤光源的平均波长对泵浦功率的赖性。实验结果表明,通过采用掺铒光纤滤波器以及选择合适的泵浦功率,平均波长随泵浦功率的变化能够降低到-9 ppm/mW。在-40~+60℃ 温度范围内,光纤光源的平均波长不稳定性小于33 ppm(峰峰值)。采用5 m 长的掺铒光纤、泵浦功率55mW 与泵浦波长974.2nm 时,光纤光源输出光波的谱宽达到17nm,功率达5.83mW。     

Characteristics of erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources forinterferometric sensor applications

The characteristics of 1.55 μm Er-doped superfluorescent fiber sources (SFS's), intended for fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) applications, are explored theoretically and experimentally. With proper selection of the source configuration, fiber length, pump wavelength, pump power, and fiber composition, we show that it is possible to meet the stringent requirements of the FOG, including a high output power, broad emission bandwidth, and excellent spectral thermal stability. Variations of the mean wavelength, spectral width, and output power of the SFS with fiber length, pump power, pump wavelength, and temperature are modeled for representative sources pumped near 980 nm or 1.48 μm, and are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. The effects of a multimoded pump, erbium ion pair, and optical feedback are also assessed. This study indicates that the Er-doped SFS is an excellent candidate for the FOG and for other applications requiring spatial coherence and low temporal coherence     

泵浦功率对掺铒光纤光源性能影响的实验研究

超荧光掺铒光纤光源技术是高精度光纤陀螺的关键技术之一,其优劣直接影响陀螺的性能。在完成铒纤长度优化设计的基础上,实验分析了泵浦功率对掺铒光纤光源平均波长以及带宽的影响,同时在-20-60℃的温度范围内,测量了不同泵浦功率条件下掺铒光纤光源平均波长、带宽和输出功率随温度的漂移。实验结果表明,当泵浦功率在60—120mW范围内时,平均波长受泵浦功率的影响约为-6．5ppm／mW,可以根据光纤陀螺对输出功率和带宽大小的要求在此范围内选择合适的泵浦功率。最终装配样机的平均波长的长期稳定性（6h）达到5ppm（峰-峰值）,短期稳定性（1h）达到2ppm,可以在此基础上定制合适的光纤光栅滤波器,对ASE光谱进行滤波,使谱形满足高精度光纤陀螺的要求．     

A polarization-stable Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source including a Faraday rotator mirror

We report a tenfold stability improvement in the mean wavelength variations induced by polarization fluctuations in an Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source. This was accomplished by replacing the mirror in a double-pass source with a Faraday rotator mirror, thereby nearly eliminating polarization dependent gain. The resulting mean wavelength variations of less than 3.5 parts-per-million (limited by the detection noise floor), approach the requirement for inertial-grade fiber optic gyroscopes.     

超辐射掺铒光纤光源平均波长稳定性分析

为了解决高精度光纤陀螺要求长时间的标度因数稳定性到10-5以下,必须确保高精度光纤陀螺所采用的掺铒超辐射光纤光源具有非常稳定的平均波长.从超辐射掺铒光纤光源的结构出发,推导出其平均波长主要受到温度、抽运功率、抽运波长、抽运光偏振态以及光纤陀螺返回光功率的影响.详细分析了以上因素对于超辐射掺铒光纤光源平均波长稳定性的影响,并介绍了消除或者减小这些影响因素的措施.同时还总结了提高超辐射光纤光源的平均波长稳定性的相关技术,采用这些技术可以获得平均波长随温度变化系数±0.05×10-6/℃的高稳定性掺铒超辐射光纤光源.对于掺铒超辐射光纤光源在高精度光纤陀螺中的实际应用具有指导意义.     

Characteristics comparison of Er-doped double-pass superfluorescent fiber sources pumped near 980 nm

The Er-doped superfluorescent fiber sources (SFS's) pumped near 980 mm in double-pass forward and backward configurations are compared for the first time. The results indicate that a double-pass backward SFS is superior to the forward counterpart in many aspects: higher output power at various lengths of erbium-doped fiber, better pump-power dependent mean wavelength stability, and larger linewidths at various fiber mirror reflectance.     

宽带掺铒光纤超荧光光源

详细探讨了单程前向、单程后向、双程前向、双程后向等几种典型的掺饵光纤超荧光光源结构，介绍了超荧光光源的研究进展，报道了我们研制的双程后向结构超荧光光源。     

高平均波长稳定性超荧光光纤光源

光纤陀螺要求其光源具有高功率、宽谱输出,同时在大温度范围内仍具有好的平均波长稳定性。为了满足-45℃~70℃大温度范围的应用需求,采用双程后向抽运、法拉第旋转反射、带通滤波等技术手段,对光纤材料和器件进行大温区全局优化,以改善超荧光光纤光源的平均波长稳定性。理论分析了不同中心波长和带宽的带通滤波器以及光纤长度等参量对平均波长稳定性的改善效果,以及和光谱带宽的关系。按照设计结果选择滤波、光纤长度等参量,通过对-45℃~70℃全温区范围进行系统全局优化设计,得到输出功率为32mW,功率稳定性为0.65%,光谱带宽为12.5nm,光源平均波长变化量为23.5×10-6。结果表明,平均波长稳定性在0.5×10-6/℃以下的高稳定性超荧光光纤光源中,32mW输出功率非常高;所得的0.2×10-6/℃是115℃大温差范围、30mW以上超荧光光纤光源中非常优异的平均波长稳定性指标,满足光纤陀螺对光纤光源的要求。     

Effect of adding a long period grating in a double-pass backwardEr-doped superfluorescent fiber source

We first demonstrate that by inserting an appropriate long period grating in an Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) of double-pass backward (DPB) configuration, the output spectrum can be broadened up to 40 nm. The characteristics of a long period grating (LPG) are then shown to have marked effects on the properties of the SFS. Both measured and simulated results agree well in the trend. The spectrum broadening using an LPG is shown effective over a large pump power range, especially for a single-humped DPB SFS. After the analysis of three types of output spectra, the tolerances of LPG's characteristics are found larger for a single-humped DPB SFS having the dominant band in 1558 nm     

Polarized Superfluorescent Fiber Sources

We report the theoretical and experimental performance of new, linearly polarized superfluorescent fiber sources (SFS). Internal polarization is produced either by splicing a fiber polarizer at an optimum location along a standard Er-doped SFS or by using a single-polarization Er-doped fiber. Numerical simulations predict that when operated in the backward, forward, or double-pass configuration, these SFSs produce nearly twice the power in the desired linear polarization as a standard, unpolarized SFS. This efficiency figure depends weakly on the polarizer location and extinction ratio, but requires a low polarizer insertion loss ( < 0.5 dB). Laboratory prototypes of a backward and a forward polarized SFS are presented that exhibit a power output in the desired linear polarization about 1.75 times larger than that of an unpolarized SFS, and an extinction ratio in excess of 17.5 dB.     

双程后向结构掺铒光纤超荧光光源研究

通过编制1套图形界面的模拟分析软件,对双程后向结构掺铒光纤超荧光光源有关输出功率、带宽和平均波长特性进行了理论模拟。结果表明,通过选取适当的掺铒光纤长度,总能实现光源的平均波长不依赖于泵浦功率的高稳定性。并报道了研制的双程后向结构掺铒光纤超荧光光源。     

A highly efficient polarized superfluorescent fiber source for fiber-optic gyroscope applications

We demonstrate a novel polarized superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) that increases the output power in the desired polarization by a factor of 1.96 over that of an unpolarized SFS at the same pump. This is achieved by inserting a polarizer at the optimal point in the bidirectionally pumped erbium-doped fiber of an unpolarized SFS. Stable pump-power-dependent mean wavelength operation and less sensitivity to the insertion loss, important for fiber-optic gyroscope applications, are obtained in this configuration.     

Experimental Research on Erbium-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source

The effects of the variations in fiber length, fiber mirror reflectance on efficiency and output power are experimentally investigated for erbium-doped double pass backward superfluorescent fiber sources (SFSs). The influence of fiber length on mean wavelength stability (MWS) has also been demonstrated. By incorporating a short section of un-pumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) at the output port, the pump power dependent on MWS becomes independent of pumped EDF length. This is a novel phenomenon that hasn‘t been reported up to now,and should be helpful to SFS fabrication and theory analysis. By using a fiber Michelson interferometer as spectrum slicing component,a multi-wavelength fiber source (MWFS) with ～20 channels (from 1542nm to 1559nm) is got. The MWFS has a channel spacing of ～0. 8 nm which satisfies ITUstandard. The intensity fluctuation among channels is less than 0.5dB,and the extinction ratio of all channels is above 14dB. This kind of MWFS should be useful to wavelength division multiplexing systems.     

全光纤同带泵浦宽带掺镱超荧光光纤光源的实验研究

采用自制的1018 nm光纤激光器做泵浦源,建立了全光纤同带泵浦的宽带掺镱超荧光光纤光源实验系统,首次利用同带泵浦对单程前向结构的超荧光产生进行了深入的实验研究。研究结果表明:基于同带泵浦的掺镱超荧光光源的斜率效率高达88%,半极大全宽度（Full Width at HalfMaximum,FWHM）最宽可以达到14.81 nm。掺镱光纤长度的改变,将影响超荧光光源的最大输出功率、斜率效率及中心波长,随着掺镱光纤长度的增加,最大输出功率和斜率效率下降,中心波长红移。固定光纤长度,改变泵浦功率,随着泵浦功率的增加,超荧光的最大功率和FWHM增加,光谱中心波长偏移很小。在掺镱光纤长度为5.7 m时,超荧光光源的最宽FWHM为14.81 nm,斜率效率在80.3%以上,输出功率的波动小于1%,没有驰豫振荡出现。     

Numerical Simulation on Broad-band Er-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source Filter Using Long Period Chirped Fiber Grating

Given is an analysis of broad-band Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source（EDSFS） filter using long period chirped fiber grating by transmission matrix method. For our EDSFS attenuated amplitude demand and the flattened wavelength range demand, proposed are the key factors of designing such filters of high performances. The simulation result demonstrates that such type filters have an enough attenuation to flatten the dramatic increase in output amplified spontaneous emission（ASE） in the wavelength range of 1 529 nm～ 1 535 nm by choosing conformable fiber filter parameters such as chirped degree, original period, induced index change, length of the fiber filter, and then broad-band EDSFS could be achieved.     

Polarisation-scrambled Er-doped superfluorescent fibre source with improved mean-wavelength stability

A polarisation scrambling scheme is employed to reduce the pump-polarisation-dependent mean-wavelength change in the Er-doped superfluorescent fibre source for gyroscope application. A PZT-based fibre-optic polarisation modulation is used at the pump port for polarisation scrambling. Changes of mean wavelength owing to pump polarisation variation are suppressed below 1 ppm.     

宽调谐光纤激光器在温度传感中的应用

设计实现了一种编程扫描宽调谐掺铒光纤激光器,波长扫描调谐范围超过51nm(1516.83—1568.31nm),调谐步长最小可达0.01nm,通过编程控制波长重复扫描调谐。将该激光器应用于光纤光栅组成准分布式温度传感系统,初步实验实现了对16路共48个点的实时温度监测。     

Er-doped superfluorescent fibre source with enhanced mean-wavelength stability using chirped fibre grating

An Er-doped superfluorescent fibre source with enhanced mean-wavelength stability 2 ppm over the 0degC to 70degC range using chirped fibre grating is demonstrated. The effects of the temperature of the fibre, the pump power, the pump wavelength, the pump state of polarisation, and the feedback power have been considered and minimised with corresponding techniques.     

新颖的高平坦度高功率掺铒光纤光源

报道了在前向结构中光纤前端输出处加用3dB耦合器制作的光纤圈反射器形成双程后向输出结构,实现了一种高平坦化的高功率光源。通过调节抽运功率及光纤长度等参量,实现3dB带宽达35．28nm(基本完全覆盖C波段),功率为7．679mW(8．85dBm)和平均波长为1545．881nm的超荧光光纤光源(SS)。与常用技术相比,该技术更简单,实用,同时提高了光源效率,稳定性好,易于降低成本,设计方便。由于L波段的超荧光的本身平坦度较好,此方案可得到高平坦度的C L波段高功率宽带超荧光输山,尤其适用于需要高平坦度高功率超荧光的场合。     

一种简单的高功率L波段超荧光光源

采用双程前向结构,在一根高浓度掺铒光纤中实现了功率高达13.13mW(11.18dBm)、平均波长为1578.53nm的L波段高功率超荧光输出,在1570nm～1620nm间的功率高于9.38mW。可满足分布式光纤光栅传感、DWDM等由C波段向L波段扩展的带宽及功率需求,同时与C波段光匹配后,可得到功率高于20mW的C+L波段宽带高功率光输出。其中采用普通耦合器制作的光纤圈反射器,将后向的C波段ASE重新引回光纤中,提高了抽运源的利用效率和光纤输出光的稳定性,同时分析了光源的输出功率、平均波长、稳定性等随光纤长度、抽运功率的变化特征,对于光源的应用设计提供参考。