What difference does a living lab make? Comparing two health technology innovation projects

Living laboratories are increasingly common and promising arrangements in collaborative design. Their strength lies in being real life, open ended, sustained and complex coproduction arrangements, but these characteristics also make it hard to research what difference a living lab collaboration would make – after all the project within a living lab should be quite different to one conducted without it. This paper reports on a rare opportunity to compare two unusually similar innovation projects, one of which relied on a living lab and the other that did not. Contrary to what one might have predicted, the living lab collaboration did not make the development paths very different, and the key challenges regarding design collaboration remained closely similar. Extensive redesign in pilot use, an extended learning period between developers and users, consciously built collaboration arrangements, effective boundary spanners and investment in conflict resolution were equally paramount to success in both cases. The living laboratory did make meeting these challenges quicker, and lessened the strain that redesigns caused to customer relations.     

适度设计——中国联合工程公司国机研发中心设计

结合中国联合工程公司国机研发中心设计,提出了\"适度设计\"的概念,探讨了建筑表达、高效空间、人文关怀以及低碳技术等内容。     

How was it for you? Experiences of participatory design in the UK health service

Improving co-design methods implies that we need to understand those methods, paying attention to not only the effect of method choices on design outcomes, but also how methods affect the people involved in co-design. In this article, we explore participants' experiences from a year-long participatory health service design project to develop ‘Better Outpatient Services for Older People’. The project followed a defined method called experience-based design (EBD), which represented the state of the art in participatory service design within the UK National Health Service. A sample of participants in the project took part in semi-structured interviews reflecting on their involvement in and their feelings about the project. Our findings suggest that the EBD method that we employed was successful in establishing positive working relationships among the different groups of stakeholders (staff, patients, carers, advocates and design researchers), although conflicts remained throughout the project. Participants' experiences highlighted issues of wider relevance in such participatory design: cost versus benefit, sense of project momentum, locus of control, and assumptions about how change takes place in a complex environment. We propose tactics for dealing with these issues that inform the future development of techniques in user-centred healthcare design.     

Participatory business modelling

How to generate business is at play in most innovation projects today. Not only Internet-based businesses, but also traditional manufacturing companies with conventional product sales are currently challenged to consider alternative business models: service design, project sales, direct sales, etc. In participatory innovation the core assumption is that a broad spectrum of people, including users, can contribute to innovation. But is it possible to open up the process of business model innovation to participation from a wider circle than those marketing managers who typically devise new business schemes? In this article we discuss two participatory approaches to business modelling that move beyond spreadsheets and Post-it^® Notes: one of using tangible objects to redefine business elements, and another of people themselves role-playing how an organisation can create, deliver and capture value. These approaches were developed in companies and educational settings and have proven extraordinarily successful in initiating conversations about how to innovate business in cross-disciplinary and cross-functional groups of participants. Relying on design theory, we study the ‘moves’ that participants make towards a new network configuration; in particular as such conceptual ‘moves’ are likely to be associated with the concrete, physical movements of people and objects. We claim that these approaches prove very engaging because business model innovation needs a focus on redefining the concepts we use and the roles that actors play in relation to each other.     

Challenging industry conceptions with provotypes

Design researchers have an important role to play when engaged with user-driven design projects in industry. Design researchers can craft ethnographic material to facilitate transfers of user-knowledge to industry, and demonstrate how this material can be used in the design of new products and services. However, ethnographic findings can reveal issues that are in tension with conceptions of the project members from industry. Instead of brushing these tensions aside, we propose provotyping (provocative prototyping) as an approach to constructively build on them as a resource for change. Provotypes are ethnographically rooted, technically working, robust artefacts that deliberately challenge stakeholder conceptions by reifying and exposing tensions that surround a field of organisational interest. The daily and local experience of provotypes aims to stir dialectical processes of reflection on how conceptions currently are, and fuel the front end of a development process by speculating how conceptions could be different. In this article we start by making explicit the relation between provotypes, practices of critical design and organisational sense-making. We then illustrate, through a multi-stakeholder project concerning the field of indoor climate, how provotypes facilitate transfers of user knowledge to industry, and how they contribute to the development of new products and services. We end by framing the role of the design researcher and discuss the politics that are inherent to design provocations.     

“以家庭为中心”的儿童护理单元实践尝试

在二胎政策全面实施的背景下,儿童医院建设迎来了广阔空间,儿童医院规划设计不仅要满足其独特功能需求,同时应该更多体现对患儿及家庭的人文关怀。通过对有关数据分析,论述儿童医院在中国的发展趋势;通过实地调研,归纳国内儿童护理单元设计中的主要问题;归纳整理文献资料,研究“以家庭为中心”的护理模式理念、起源、发展,以及该医疗模式对儿童医院护理单元设计的影响;搜集国内外儿童医院建筑案例,从平面组织、病房设计、公共活动空间三个角度,剖析“以家庭为中心”的护理模式在国内外儿童医院护理单元设计中的应用,从中总结“以家庭为中心”的儿童医院护理单元设计方法,运用于芒市妇幼保健医院的设计当中。     

基于居家养老模式的老年住宅适应性设计

对形成居家养老模式的因素进行了分析,探索了居家养老的不同类型,梳理出居家养老模式对老年居住建筑的需求,结合老年人的生理和心理特征,以建筑功能性和环境适应性的视角,从安全性、便利性、救助性和舒适性等方面,针对性地提出了老年住宅的适应性设计要点,以提高老年人的居住质量。     

循证设计支持下的可持续医疗建筑设计

循证设计是以科学研究和量化数据为基础的设计方法：可持续设计是在建筑的全生命周期内,保持最小环境负荷,和最大效益的建筑设计方法。循证设计能够为可持续设计提供可信的设计依据,提高建筑表现成效,并减小实施阻力,两种设计方法相结合是未来建筑设计的趋势。本文以医疗建筑为研究对象。医疗建筑与人类的生存、健康关系密切,对环境质量要求高,对环境影响大,因此保持医疗建筑与环境的平衡十分重要。本文分析了循证设计思想指导下的可持续医疗建筑设计优势和方法,并结合具体案例分析其在实践中的应用。     

At home in home care? Contents and boundaries of the ‘domestic’ among immigrant live-in workers in Italy

How ‘at home’, if at all, migrants feel in their everyday lives abroad is a neglected research issue, with meaningful implications for immigrant, social and housing policies. Their employment as live-in care workers with elderly clients is a unique site to address it, as this article aims to do, based on an archive of life histories of immigrant women in Italy. Co-residential domestic work foregrounds migrants’ need for a domestic space of their own, within the place of someone else. Building on immigrant women’s narratives, I explore what senses and dimensions of domesticity, or even of home, are negotiated in their routine interactions with older clients and the latter’s family members. Within a dwelling place which conflates work and domesticity, the cognitive, emotional and practical dimensions of migrants’ gendered home experience are nothing obvious. How is home-making – as a set of practices oriented to pursue security, familiarity and control – enacted under these circumstances? Is the cultivation of a sense of home beneficial to the clients only, or do immigrant women themselves feel at home somehow? Different ‘modes of domesticity’ are discussed, at the intersection between continuous expectations of home-making and discontinuous ways of feeling at home.     

Towards participatory design in craft and design education

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the differences and effects of user participation in university level students' collaborative design processes. The study focused on how intended users (i.e., frequent conference-goers) participated in a product design process (designing conference bags) and how much influence these conference-goers had on students' design solutions. The data were derived from a collaborative learning environment (Future Learning Environment, FLE2), which provided a distributed database for students' and users' dialogue. The study employed qualitative content analysis of users' written messages posted on the database. The analysis indicated users' contributions to the functional, expressive and aesthetic design solutions. From the students' standpoint, it was challenging to treat contradictory information produced by users and to find optimal design solutions.     

智能家居电气设计中的若干问题综述

本文对智能家居工程设计中的若干问题,包括选择智能家居系统的技术路线、电气设计的组织以及常见设计问题等进行了综述与分析,分析现阶段影响我国智能家居推广应用的几项重要因素,指出国家电网公司示范推广的智能用电技术涵盖了智能家居。是未来智能家居／小区的发展方向,也是物联网入户的重要标志。     

高精度一体密封式家用食物垃圾处理器设计研究

高精度一体密封式家用食物垃圾处理器作为食物垃圾处理领域的一种新型产品,结合了现代科技和工程技术,具有较高的处理效率和更好的密封性能。该处理器能将食物垃圾快速分解并转化为可再利用的资源,同时能够有效地防止异味和垃圾溢出。文章研究了高精度一体密封式家用食物垃圾处理器的工作原理和结构、主要部件设计、关键技术以及工作过程等,为家庭食物垃圾处理领域的发展提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持。     

谈数字技术应用于建筑设计创新

建筑是人类生活繁衍的载体,科学技术地运用不断促使建筑设计向更加规范化、高效化、合理化发展。本文针对数字技术对建筑设计创新带来的革命性变革,浅析了数字技术在建筑设计应用中的几个特点和具体的应用方向。     

基于现代建筑设计创新的几点构想

现代建筑设计作为一种艺术和功能协调发展的活动，对推动我国现代化的建设有着十分重要和深远的意义，从现代设计、传统设计、数字技术、建筑创新的动力与源泉等四个方面，提出了现代建筑设计创新的几点构想。     

为老年人创造舒适健康且人性化的家居环境

介绍了老年人安度晚年的心理需求和设计家居环境的指导思想,并对老年人生活的社区外部环境要求、室内家居设计要点、老年人家居的主要功能设计要求、老年人家居设计现状及发展趋势等方面分别进行了论述,从而为老年人创造出舒适健康、人性化的家居环境。     

基于在宅养老模式的城市社区老年健康保障设施规划设计研究

在论述构筑在宅养老模式的城市社区老年健康保障设施体系的基础上,从空间结构模式和空间设计细则两方面进行归纳总结,并结合典型实例的分析,进一步提炼规划设计方法,为实现在宅养老营造安全、方便、舒适、和谐的社区居住环境提供参考。     

厦大化学实验中心通风系统设计

本文结合工程实例,对化学实验室的排风及空调系统设计进行了探讨,给出了一些设计原则和合理化建议。