居住空间多元方向创新设计的思考

居住空间设计创新的实质是解决人类居住环境问题、提高人们的生活质量。探讨文化符号、生态设计、回应场地、可持续设计几个主流方向,以及国内外居住空间设计创新的实际案例,指出多元方向是居住空间创新设计的时代特征。     

A GIS-based methodology for the appraisal of historical,architectural, and social values in historic urban cores

Historic environments represent the evolution of materials and techniques that have been used for the construction these environments over the centuries. Entering into the study of this field entails working not only on the crafts that have constructed these environments but also on the people who made, used, and reinterpreted them by learning about the craftsmen and the idiosyncrasies of the place. The study has adopted several methodologies as reference to examine the material and cultural reality of the rural region of Valencia, Spain. Through the adaptation of international methodologies, researchers have carried out a digital database that compiles and maps out the results of the Local Character Assessment of ten Histotiric Urban Cores by incorporating the historical, architectural, and social values to reinforce the Territorial Heritage Action Plan. One of the critical innovations adopted by this form of assessment is the compulsory integration of tangible and intangible heritage through the active involvement of users and makers. Another innovation is to understand the values behind the dynamism and transformation of historic sites. Hence, this study advances theory and practice on the transmission of knowledge among artisans, researchers, and the population and how contemporary practices help acquire new meanings that overlap the past ones.     

Analysis of a natural resources management system in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve

An analysis of the natural resource management system was carried out for the ejido X-kanha located in the northern part of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Campeche, Mexico. Through field research using participatory rural appraisal (PRA), the activities carried out by different user groups were identified. Gender roles as well as age roles were analyzed. Results show that each family depends upon the diversification of productive activities in order to meet economic needs. Diversification of activities is carried out in both space and time, making use of different ecosystems during varied seasons throughout the year. Women's activities correspond to housekeeping and house administration; they take care of home gardens and are responsible for water collection and wood gathering. Men carry out the activities of working in the milpa, cattle raising, honey production, chicle collection, and wood felling.A series of PRA activities carried out with the people of X-Kanha led to the identification of limitations to more optimal uses of natural resources. The characterization of limitations and associated alternatives is used to provide a guideline to aid the efforts of NGOs and other organizations interested in the conservation of natural resources, and for the well-being of the local population.     

Unhappy metropolis (when American city is too big)

Most scholars in urban studies and public policy/administration support city living, that is, they suggest that people are happy in cities or at least they focus on how to make people happy in cities. Planners also largely focus on making cities happy places. Economists emphasize agglomeration economies. Urbanism is popular and fashionable. The goal of this study is to challenge this common wisdom and stimulate discussion. I use the General Social Survey to calculate subjective wellbeing or happiness by size of a place to find out when a place is too big. Malaise or unhappiness increases with size of a place (with a bump around 10k people) and reaches a significant level when population exceeds several hundred thousand. Results are robust to the operationalization of an urban area, and to the elaboration of the model with multiple controls known to predict happiness. This study concerns only the US, and results should not be generalized to other countries or historical contexts. Directions for future research are discussed.     

议实验室的管理

结合自身工作经验,针对实验室的管理进行了探讨,从建立实验室的质量管理体系,实现实验室的工作任务方面进行了论述,指出首先要建立适合实验室自身的质量管理体系,并通过运行该体系不断完善和改进,从而逐步提高实验室管理水平。     

创新推动创新——浅谈高新科技园区研发办公建筑设计

本文基于对创新理念影响下高新科技园办公建筑工作模式的探讨,从功能多元化、生态理念、空间弹性化与模块化、隐喻的企业文化四个方面阐述高新科技园办公建筑目前的发展模式,指出创新环境的营造对创新工作模式推动的重要性,并对未来高新科技园区办公建筑的发展趋势进行展望。     

工程建筑物变形观测若干问题的探析

随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对当代建筑的要求也越来越高。工程建筑的稳定性、可靠性不仅关系到建筑行业的发展，更关系到广大人民群众的利益。本文就工程建筑变形观测若干问题进行了相关的分析。     

Microfoundations of project portfolio regulation in joint university-industry laboratories

Joint university-industry laboratories (joint U-I labs) consist of a new, yet little understood model of academic partnership with the firms, typically involving the establishment of a collaborative research unit to conduct research and development (R&D) projects. This type of collaboration faces an ongoing challenge in dealing with the tension between the development and deployment focus in the project portfolio. While several studies have investigated project portfolio management in a given firm, little is known about the interorganizational portfolio management and how the actors manage tensions in joint U-I labs. This study aims to investigate the microfoundations of project portfolio management in joint U-I labs. By combining the multiple-case study and at-home ethnography methods, we identified that the regulation approach explains how partners in joint U-I labs dynamically adjust and manage the project portfolio. Based on the empirical findings, we propose a new framework for project portfolio management in joint U-I labs: portfolio regulation. This framework consists of four processes: dual scouting, dual matchmaking, joint selection, and bridgemaking. These microfoundations enable actors to strategically regulate the portfolio by increasing/decreasing resources related to development or deployment. Our study explores how portfolio regulation evolves within a joint U-I lab through four stages: formation, learning, reconfiguration, and joint portfolio. The proposed framework contributes to interorganizational R&D portfolio management theory and joint U-I lab portfolio management practice.     

公路工程工地实验室管理工作浅析

结合自身工作经验,对公路工程工地实验室管理工作进行探讨,着重从施工单位工地实验室建设,工地实验室的日常管理及母体实验室对工地实验室的管理等方面进行了简要论述,以指导施工单位搞好工地实验室建设。     

工程管理专业创新人才内涵及培养路径研究

中国大部分高校的工程管理专业都以培养应用型人才为目标。随着时代的发展和技术的进步,当代社会急需创新型工程管理专业人才。为了实现工程管理创新型人才培养的目标,文章分析了工程管理专业创新人才的内涵,并结合调研结果提出从调整培养方案、改革培养模式、建设创新型师资队伍三方面进行改革,以培养工程管理专业学生的创新意识、创新思维、创新精神以及创新能力。     

Planning and Technology Development Policy in Victoria

This paper explores the hypothesis that there is a spatial dimension to technology innovation and the creation of new knowledge-intensive industry. In doing this it draws on the work carried out on the designated technology precincts in Victoria and looks at the role of town planning and other policy initiatives in heightening the potential development of technology industries and the increased use of innovation across all industries.     

Questionnaire survey of exposure to lead in the domestic environment in Nigeria

Environmental exposure to lead is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, particularly in children, but remains understudied in developing countries. While prevention is acknowledged as the best public health option, the level of knowledge about lead exposure in many developing countries is not known. We conducted a survey to evaluate the knowledge about lead exposure in Nigeria. Survey questionnaires were developed from the results of focus group discussions and published literature. 600 questionnaires were randomly distributed to adults living in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria in 2004. In addition, the knowledge of lead exposure was measured using a modified version of the Chicago Lead Knowledge Test (CLKT). Information on lead abatement and sources of household lead exposure were also obtained. Most respondents did not have a satisfactory level of knowledge about lead exposure in the domestic environment, how to prevent it and the role of nutrition in diminishing the impact of exposure. Younger people, female and increased years of schooling predict higher scores in the CLKT. Most respondents lived in rented homes; the majority of which were either built or last refurbished in the 1990s. Home owners and people living in homes built or last refurbished within 4 years of the study had higher mean CLKT scores. Our study showed that our respondents had very low levels of knowledge about the risk of domestic exposure to lead, particularly to children. We recommend that efforts should be made to increase awareness of this condition and that in Nigeria as in most development countries; this should be done through the maternal and child health care programs.     

Optimization of furniture configuration for residential living room spaces in quality elderly care communities in Macao

The living conditions in Macao are characterized by a dense population, a land shortage, and old residences, especially on the Macao Peninsula. This work investigates the demands and living conditions of different types of aged residents of the Youhan Community of Macao through a questionnaire survey and research analysis. The demands and living conditions are then classified and summarized through quantitative analysis, and their correlations are identified. Based on ergonomics and the physical, psychological, and behavioral patterns of aged people, issues that require attention when configuring furniture for different types of aged people in their residential living spaces are identified. Finally, several criteria for interior furniture configuration for different types of aged people are proposed by integrating the demands of different types of aged people with the concerns that need attention. A preliminarily quantifiable model is then proposed for living room furniture configuration from the perspective of aged people.     

住宅楼设计理念创新和注意事项

随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对住宅楼设计的要求越来越高,传统的住宅楼设计理念主要针对住宅楼的基本使用功能,对住宅楼的节能环保和审美价值等方面却有所忽略,为了满足人们对住宅楼的新要求,我们应该特别注重住宅楼设计理念的创新。本文简要介绍了各国先进的住宅楼设计理念,并着重分析了住宅楼设计理念创新的趋势和注意事项。     

住宅建设中的老年人室外居住环境设计

从老年人居住环境设计的必要性出发，总结出进行老年人室外居住环境设计的要点，并提出了具体的设计手法，拟对住宅建设中的老年人室外居住环境设计问题进行探讨。     

城市老人生活状态和行为情境调查与研究分析

随着人口老龄化程度的加剧,老年人的生活状态和行为情境也成为社会关注的焦点。因此,我们开展了关于老年人生活状况和行为情境的调研,旨在仔细深入的了解这类特殊人群的生活状态和行为情境,以便建筑行业工作者能从其生活的根本需要出发,设计出能为他们生活提供最大便利的建筑和最合理的城市规划以及能使环境最大优化的景观设计,使老年人能获得最大的幸福感和满意度。     

预制楼板板缝通裂的成因及防治

通过对预制楼板顺板缝方向开裂这一质量通病的成因进行了分析，介绍了在实际工程应用中如何防治板缝开裂的一些做法，以提高房屋的室内观感质量，满足人们的生活、工作的需要。     

从住宅建设视角谈构建和谐社会

以"创建和谐社会"为载体,从人的需求和发展以及人与自然、人与人和谐的角度出发,就如何营造住宅建设更加适宜市民工作、学习和生活的舒适环境作了探讨,提出重点发展中低收入家庭住房及中小套型的思路,从而为人居需求构建和谐平台.     

单位职工社区中的集体主义生活东北老工业区居住建筑格局的变迁

在“一五”期间,国家对工业布局进行了大的调整,随着苏联援建的156个建设项目,东北工业基地的建设也拉开了帷幕。为了配合工业项目的开展,受苏联规划模式与规划思想的影响,厂前生活区的规划呈现出前所未有的全新的居住形态。50多年过去了,生活在其中的人们的社会关系以及对居住空间的需求都发生了很大改变。这些老建筑能否适应社会的新要求？它们又留给这个城市什么样的历史记忆？这种居住模式对我们今天的生活是否值得借鉴？这些都值得我们深入研究。     

美国认知症照料设施康复花园设计实例分析

中国不断增加的认知症老年人群对专业认知症照料设施提出了迫切需求。既有研究表明,康复花园是认知症照料设施中支持老年人身心疗愈的重要空间载体。美国认知症照料设施发展较早,在康复花园的建设和研究上有较为丰富的经验。简要回顾了美国认知症康复花园的发展历程,梳理了认知症老人对康复花园的需求与设计原则。基于对美国12所不同规模和类型的认知症照料设施康复花园的实地调研,归纳了美国认知症康复花园的规模和布局特征。结合案例花园实际使用效果,总结出了美国认知症康复花园的6个设计特色,包括：室内外空间协同设计、注重空间“自明性”设计、设置丰富的活动设施、打造多层次过渡空间、营造不同私密层级的休憩交往空间,以及鼓励老年人参与花园维护。研究结果可为今后我国认知证照料设施康复花园的设计营建提供参考。