住宅建筑太阳能热水应用的调查研究

文章分析研究了近几年来开展的住宅建筑热水使用实态调查以及小区集中热水供应调查结果，提出了住宅建筑太阳能热水系统的整合设计方法。     

变频调速水泵在住宅小区中的能耗分析

针对小区建筑的各种给水方式,运用实例数据进行了能耗比较。通过比较分析得出了最适合小区住宅的给水方式,并针对小区住宅的给水方式选择提出了建议,可供小区住宅供水设计参考。     

Stochastic modelling of water demand by domestic washrooms in residential tower blocks

Accurate estimates of probable simultaneous maximum demand are essential for appropriate decisions on sizing water supply plants and piping systems for high-rise residential buildings at a balance of acceptable plant reliability and construction cost. This study proposes a stochastic model of the probable maximum simultaneous water demands of domestic washrooms at some usage patterns for which the appliances in the same washroom would not operate simultaneously. The model parameters were determined from surveys of usage patterns in 597 domestic washrooms of typical high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong. The results showed that the probable maximum simultaneous demands due to a number of domestic washrooms in a typical high-rise residential building were only about 50–60% of those estimates with an assumption of all appliances in simultaneous operation. This study is a useful source of reference in determining loadings of water supply plants and piping systems for high-rise residential buildings.     

浦东新区住宅小区建设述评

对浦东新区多姿多彩的新建住宅小区的空间分布、建筑外观、环境模式等作出归纳,进行点评,以启发人们的思考,更好地提高住宅建设整体质量水平。     

浅谈多层住宅楼给水设计的几个问题

结合实践情况对多层住宅小区的给水设计从给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户的设置等方面进行了探讨,以完善多层住宅楼给水设计,达到提高供水质量,更好地为人民服务的目的。     

给水排水对住宅建筑室内声环境的影响与控制

随着对住宅舒适性的要求越来越高,人们越来越关注住宅建筑室内声环境的质量。在影响室内声环境的多个因素中,给排水系统的影响是较大的。本文从给排水系统方面,分析论述了其对住宅室内声环境产生的影响、产生影响的原因以及噪声控制的方法。     

分质供水住宅建筑给水设计秒流量计算

对同一分质供水住宅小区的给水设计秒流量用不同的两种方法进行了计算并做了比较，阐明了分质供水住宅建筑给水设计秒流量计算应以不同给水管道对应的卫生器具给水当量为准，才能得出正确、合理的结果。     

装配式技术与住宅户型设计的细节研究

随着我国经济实力的提高,建筑的发展模式逐渐趋向工业化,大力发展装配式建筑,有效提高建筑的质量,延长住宅建筑的使用期限和寿命,同时实现建筑的节能、环保,是对未来住宅建筑设计的基本要求。本文介绍了装配式建筑的特点,并对装配式技术与住宅户型设计进行细节性的说明,对于装配式技术在住宅户型设计方面的研究具有重要意义。     

高层住宅小区生活给水方式的选择和能耗分析

分析了高层住宅小区生活给水的特点和不同给水方式的投资及能耗情况。通过工程实例，重点分析了屋顶水箱给水方式和变频泵给水方式下给水系统的投资和能耗情况，论证了屋顶水箱给水和变频泵给水相结合是高层住宅小区最佳的给水方式。     

重庆居住小区建筑容积率研究分析及改善措施

通过对重庆五大主城区部分居住小区进行调查研究分析,发现居住小区存在着容积率过高、开发规模小、建筑形态单一等现象,导致了绿化率、居住小区开敞空间、建筑间距过小以及自然采光和通风不足等一系列影响居住小区环境质量问题的产生,降低了居住小区环境质量品质。针对当前重庆居住小区建设存在的问题,结合容积率的性质和高容积率小区对社会意识、经济利益、环境卫生及安全影响分析,提出了相应的改善措施。     

重庆小城镇居民用水状况研究

对重庆小城镇(市)———永川、黔江居民生活用水状况调查研究表明:2004年两座城市居民实际人均用水量与居民的家庭收入具有一定的相关性,但总体而言仍低于现行规范值。居民对现有的自来水水质满意程度不一,26.21%的居民对现在的自来水水质非常不满意或不满意,74.6%的居民都希望供水的卫生状况得到改善,27.27%的居民希望有直饮水供应,并且被调查的居民中已有56.68%的家庭将桶装水作为饮用水。85%以上的家庭愿意为自来水质改善和污水处理支付费用。     

对发展小康住宅小区优质饮用水工程方案的探讨

本文根据目前社会的发展,人们对住宅小区供水系统要求的提高,对优质饮用水的制水系统、供水系统、控削系统的优化设计进行初步的研究探讨,并对如何发展小康住宅小区的优质饮用水工程提出一定的见解。     

Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality

Groundwater monitoring wells (about 70 wells) were extensively installed in 28 sites surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, to assess the impact of geochemical stressors to shallow groundwater quality. The monitoring wells were classified into three groups (residential area, agricultural area, and oil field area) depending on their land uses. During a 2-year period from 1999 to 2001 the monitoring wells were sampled every 3 months on a seasonal basis. Water quality assay consisted of 25 parameters including field parameters, nutrients, major ions, and trace elements. Occurrence and level of inorganics in groundwater samples were related to the land use and temporal change. Groundwater of the agricultural area showed lower levels of ferrous iron and nitrate than the residential area. The summer season data revealed more distinct differences in inorganic profiles of the two land use groundwater samples. There is a possible trend that nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased as the proportions of cultivated area increased. Water-soluble ferrous iron occurred primarily in water samples with a low dissolved oxygen concentration and/or a negative redox potential. The presence of brine waste in shallow groundwater was detected by chloride and conductivity in oil field area. Dissolved trace metals and volatile organic carbons were not in a form of concentration to be stressors. This study showed that the quality of shallow ground water could be related to regional geochemical stressors surrounding the lake.     

昆明地区高层住宅太阳能热水系统设计

太阳能热水系统在多层居住建筑中已得到了广泛推广和运用,但在高层住宅中,采用太阳能热水系统的并不多见。结合实践工程,介绍了在高层住宅中应用太阳能热水系统的两种方式以及辅助热源的选择,并重点介绍一种新型热水系统循环方式——套管自循环技术,该技术解决了集中热水供应系统的一些弊端,优化了供水系统,既充分利用了太阳能,又满足了用户对热水的高品质要求,并极大地节约了循环系统的能耗。     

基于城市区域的微型住宅探究

城市区域人群密集,用于居住的空间已经很少。因此,住宅空间更偏向紧凑智能多变。本文介绍了微型住宅的特征,总结了相关案例,对微型住宅可能的问题进行了评估,并提供了建议。希望微型住宅能够在城市区域中合理健康地存在和发展。     

住宅楼给排水施工项目的控制和管理

运用过程控制方法对居民住宅楼的给排水系统施工项目进行有效的质量管理和控制,以提高给排水系统工程的施工质量,完善施工项目的质量管理体系。     

Microbiological quality of water from hand-dug wells used for domestic purposes in urban communities in Kumasi,Ghana

Assessment was done on the microbiological quality of water in hand-dug wells in urban communities in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 256 water samples were taken from eight wells and examined for faecal coliforms, enterococci and helminths. High contamination levels were recorded in the wells, more so in the wet season, with faecal coliforms levels between 6.44 and 10.19 log units and faecal enterococci between 4.23 and 4.85 CFU per 100 ml. Influence on protection and lining of wells on water quality was not pronounced but mechanization reduced contamination significantly by about 3 log units. This study shows a stronger influence of poor sanitation and improper placement of wells on water quality compared to improvements made from lining and protection of wells. In the race to increase access to drinking water in poor urban settlements, quality of groundwater could be a major barrier, if provision of drinking water is not matched with improvements in sanitation and urban planning.     

Evaluation of arsenic contamination potential using indicator kriging in the Yun-Lin aquifer (Taiwan)

Data on the quality of groundwater obtained from several multi-level monitoring wells indicated that arsenic (As) concentration far exceeds the drinking water supply standard in the coastal aquifer of the Yun-Lin, Taiwan. In this study, an estimated As probability risk was computed using indicator kriging to assess the As contamination potential of exceeding the drinking water supply standard in the Yun-Lin county. A three-dimensional (3D) spatial variability model was presented to analyze anisotropically the variation of As concentration using a multi-level threshold indicator variable. This 3D estimator overcomes the scarcity of the data and establishes a vertical correlation of measured As data. The results indicate high As pollution probability in the coastal area and in the Pei-Kang river basin. The highest probability, 0.92, of the As pollution is in the shallow aquifer of the Kou-Hu. The contamination potential of As is primarily within an aquifer depth of 180 m. The contaminated aquifer (<180 m) is not suitable for supplying drinking water. The contamination potential of As is low at the depths of more than 190 m. However, the probabilities associated with the As pollution still exceed 0.2 in the deep aquifer of four coastal townships of the Yun-Lin, and may pose risks to human health if the groundwater is used for drinking.     

Measuring the economic benefits of residential water quality improvement in Ulsan,Korea using a contingent valuation

Korean people are getting more concerned about their health and their interest in clean water is increasing continuously. The source of portable water in Ulsan is the Nakdong river, which is one of the most polluted in the country. Thus, the Ulsan metropolitan government has a plan to move the water-collecting area to supply cleaner residential water. This study attempts to measure the benefits of residential water quality improvement in Ulsan using contingent valuation method. Furthermore, we allowed for a nonzero probability of unwillingness to pay in contingent valuation experiments by using spike models, because 55.6 percent of respondents stated ‘no’ to the given bids to improve their residential water quality although other respondents stated that they would be willing to pay a significant amount.     

住宅建筑节能规范学习与体会

通过对住宅建筑节能规范的学习,列举了影响住宅建筑能耗的主要参数,总结了居住建筑节能的要求,并介绍了常用保温材料及性能,提出了供排水、采暖、电气等专业的节能措施,以实现可持续发展的目标。