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1.
Jianding Chen Christian Carrot Yvan Chalamet Jean‐Charles Majeste Mohamed Taha 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,88(5):1376-1383
Poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) composites with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were prepared by in situ radical copolymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) and methacrylic acid (MA) with precipitated calcium carbonate. To compare the different rheological behaviors of the monomer mixtures with CaCO3 and the composites, the steady and dynamic viscosities of BMA/MA/CaCO3 and poly(BMA/MA/CaCO3) were measured by means of steady and oscillatory shear flows. The viscosity of the mixture BMA/MA/CaCO3 was found to increase evidently with the increasing of CaCO3%. The influence of MA% on viscosity of BMA/MA/CaCO3 was slight. During the in situ polymerization, the viscosity of the reacting system was measured to be enhanced by a factor of about 104 from the monomer/CaCO3 mixture to composites. The dependency of zero‐shear viscosity on molar mass of PBMA was also investigated. The relation between the zero‐shear viscosity and molar mass is η0 = 10?15 Mw3.5. The evolution of the viscosity with the temperature for both PBMA and its composites was obtained and time–temperature superposition was used to build master curves for the dynamic moduli. The flow activation energies were found to be 115.0, 148.6, and 178.7 kJ/mol for PBMA, composite PBMA/CaCO3 (90/10), and PBMA/MA/CaCO3 (89/1/10), respectively. The viscosity of the composites containing less than 10% CaCO3 was lower than that of pure PBMA with the same molar mass. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1376–1383, 2003 相似文献
2.
Polystyrene (PS)/calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA). The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, controlled stress rheometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and mechanical test. Results show that the copolymer of styrene (St) and MA formed during the polymerization acts as a compatibilizer between PS and nanometer calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) particles, resulting in an increase in the glass transition temperature of the composite. The complex modulus and the impact strength of the PS/nano‐CaCO3 composite show an increase with the addition of MA on account of the enhanced interfacial adhesion and the increased molecular weight. SEM and SAXS analyses indicate that a finer dispersion of nanoparticles and an increased homogeneity of the PS/nano‐CaCO3 composites are obtained with application of a small amount of MA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci., 2013 相似文献
3.
《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(8):405-415
Poly (butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) copolymers/calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composites were synthesized by radical polymerization. Ca2+ cationic sites, present at the CaCO3 surface, in interaction with carboxylate groups from polymer chains structured the material, particularly above the glass transition temperature. The composites were studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Multiplets and clusters were detected. The material's behavior is principally controlled by the methacrylic acid (MA) content in the copolymer chain and CaCO3/MA ratio. Under well-defined conditions, ionic cross-linked materials were obtained. 相似文献
4.
Antiscaling properties of novel maleic‐anhydride copolymers prepared via iron (II) – chloride mediated ATRP
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A class of maleic anhydride copolymers (YMR‐A series) with a narrow molecular weight distribution between 500–1500 and a polydispersity of 1.0–1.11 was obtained from n‐alkylacrylamide and maleic anhydride monomers via atom transfer radical polymerization. The monomer conversion reached about 71% corresponding to 1:4 [FeCl2] to [SA] molar ratios for (AAH/MA) copolymer initiated by CPN whereas for the polymerization initiated by MCPN the conversion reached 51.9% under similar condition showing better performance of CPN initiator. Resultant polymers were characterized by means of 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. The inhibition behavior of these YMR‐A polymers against CaCO3 and CaSO4 was evaluated using static scale inhibition method. The inhibition efficiency on the calcium carbonate scale is much higher and even with 5 ppm dosage level the efficiency is around 99.33 % at pH 10.45 and temperature 70°C, where as for calcium sulfate scales the inhibition efficiency, is lower and 99.9% inhibition is observed at 7–9 ppm level. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39827. 相似文献
5.
Some results of experiments on the mechanical and rheological properties of mineral filled polypropylene were presented. Single filler and hybrid filler composites of talc and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were prepared in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of filler type, filler content, and coupling agent on the mechanical and rheological properties of the polypropylene were studied. The coupling agent was maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA). It was found that the mechanical properties are affected by filler type, filler concentration, and the interaction between filler and matrix. The tensile strength of the composite is more affected by the talc while the impact strength is influenced mostly by CaCO3 content. The elongation at break of PP/CaCO3 composites was higher than that of PP/talc composites. The incorporation of coupling agent into PP/mineral filler composites increased the mechanical properties. Rheological properties indicated that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of talc filled samples were higher than those of calcium carbonate filled samples while the tan δ was lower. The rheological properties of hybrid‐filler filled sample were more affected by the talc than calcium carbonate. The PP‐g‐MA increased the complex viscosity and storage modulus of both single and hybrid composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
6.
Preparation of a low‐phosphorous terpolymer as a scale,corrosion inhibitor,and dispersant for ferric oxide
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A novel low‐phosphorus terpolymer, used as scale, corrosion inhibitor, and dispersant for iron oxide, was prepared through free‐radical polymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA), oxalic acid‐allypolyethoxy carboxylate (APEM), and phosphorous acid (H3PO3) in water with redox system of hypophosphorous and ammonium persulfate as initiator. Structure of the synthesized AA‐APEM‐H3PO3 terpolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and 1H‐NMR. The polymer possesses excellent scale inhibition performance for CaCO3, outstanding ability to disperse ferric oxide, and good corrosion inhibition properties. The study showed that AA‐APEM‐H3PO3 exhibited excellent ability to control calcium carbonate scale, with approximately 90.16% CaCO3 inhibition at a level of 8 mg/L AA‐APEM‐H3PO3. The data of the light transmittance showed that, compared to hydrolyzed polymaleic acid and polyepoxysuccinic acid, AA‐APEM‐H3PO3 had superior ability to control iron ions scaling. The light transmittance of the solution was about 24.1% in the presence of the terpolymer when the dosage was 8 mg/L. Moreover, the corrosion inhibition efficiency could reach up to 79.77% at a dosage of 30 mg/L, with ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonic acid just 39.62%. Scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray powder diffraction analysis were used to investigate the effect of AA‐APEM‐H3PO3 on morphology of calcium carbonate scale. The low‐phosphorous terpolymer has also been proven to be effective inhibitor of calcium carbonate even at increasing solution temperature, pH, and Ca2+ concentration. The proposed inhibition mechanism suggests the surface complexation and chelation between the functional groups ? P(O) (OH)2, ? COOH and Ca2+, with polyethylene glycol segments increasing its solubility in water. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41447. 相似文献
7.
Hyperbranched polyesters with carboxylic acid functional groups for the inhibition of the calcium carbonate scale
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《应用聚合物科学杂志》2018,135(23)
Scale deposits exist widely in industrial water‐cooling systems and oil‐production systems, causing severe damage to the equipment. The most effective way to prevent the formation of scale has been to use an inhibitor. The use of a hyperbranched polymer as an inhibitor, however, has rarely been reported. In this study, we prepared a hydroxyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBPE–OH) with trimethyloypropane as the core and 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid as an AB2 monomer. The HBPE–OH was then modified with succinic anhydride to obtain the carboxyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBPE–COOH). The effects of the dosage, Ca2+ concentration, pH value, and temperature of the system on the inhibition efficiency were investigated when HBPE–COOH was used as an inhibitor of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale. HBPE–COOH acted as a good antiscaling inhibitor for CaCO3; when the polyester concentration was 200 mg/L, the scale inhibition rate exceeded 70%. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction demonstrated that the mechanism of inhibition was the disturbance of the growth of the crystals and modification of the crystal morphology by the hyperbranched polyester. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46292. 相似文献
8.
Preparation of poly(propylene carbonate)/nano calcium carbonate composites and their supercritical carbon dioxide foaming behavior
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Peng Yu Hao‐Yang Mi An Huang Xian Liu Bin‐Yi Chen Shui‐Dong Zhang Xiang‐Fang Peng 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(28)
Biodegradable polymer foams are attracting extensive attention in both academic and industrial fields. In this study, an emerging biodegradable polymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), was compounded with nano calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) and foamed via supercritical carbon dioxide for the first time. Four concentrations of nano‐CaCO3, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt %, were used and the thermal properties of PPC/nano‐CaCO3 composites were investigated. The glass‐transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature of the PPC/nano‐CaCO3 composites increased with the addition of nano‐CaCO3. The morphologies of the PPC/nano‐CaCO3 composites and the rheological results showed that homogeneous dispersions of nano‐CaCO3 and percolated nano‐CaCO3 networks were achieved at a nano‐CaCO3 content of 3 wt %. Therefore, the finest cell diameter (3.13 μm) and highest cell density (6.02 × 109 cells/cm3) were obtained at the same nano‐CaCO3 content. The cell structure dependences of PPC and PPC with a nano‐CaCO3 content of 3 wt % (PPC‐3) foams on the foaming pressure and temperature were investigated as well. The results suggested that the cell structure of PPC‐3 was more stable at different foaming conditions due to the networks of nano‐CaCO3. Moreover, the change in pressure was more influential on the cell structure than the temperature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42248. 相似文献
9.
Poly(ethylene) (PE) or poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and alkyl dihydrogen phosphate ester (APEn, CnH2n+1OPO(OH)2, n = 1, 4, 10, 12, 16) treated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were mixed on a two roll mill. In order to improve the affinity of polymer-CaCO3 interface, the CaCO3 surface was treated through chemical reaction with various APEn types. The effect of carbon number of APEn on the tensile elongation and the adhesion properties between CaCO3 particles and polymer matrix was investigated. In the case of PE/CaCO3 series, tensile elongation, modulus of oriented samples and adhesion of polymer-CaCO3 interface increased with carbon number of APEn (n ≦ 12). In the EVA/CaCO3 series, the dependence of the tensile elongation on the carbon number of APEn was not clearly recognized; the adhesion at the phase interface was improved with the decrease of carbon number of APEn (n ≦ 12). 相似文献
10.
《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(6):323-329
The scale inhibitor was prepared based on itaconic acid (IA), styrene p-sulfonic sodium (SSS), maleic anhydride (MA), and acrylamide (AM) as monomers, and ammonium persulfate as an initiator by the free-radical polymerization. The structure of the polymer was characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Using the static experiment method, the scale inhibition efficiency to CaCO3, the effects of some factors (concentration of polymer, time, concentration of Ca2+, pH value, concentration of HCO3 ?, and temperature) were investigated. Using the malachite green photometric method, the scale inhibition efficiency to Ca3(PO4)2 and the effects of some factors (concentration of polymer, time, Ca2+, pH, temperature, and the concentration of PO4 3?) were also investigated. The experimental results showed that the polymer had an excellent efficiency of scale inhibition and a resistance rate of calcium carbonate scale up to 96.67%, a resistance rate of calcium phosphate scale up to 92.5%, and could be used in the system of high-temperature and high-hardness water. The polymer had good dispersing ability with respect to iron. 相似文献
11.
A novel low phosphorus terpolymer scale inhibitor P(IA-MA-SHP) was prepared by aqueous free radical polymerization using itaconic acid (IA), maleic acid (MA), and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as raw materials. It was mainly used as an efficient scale inhibitor to inhibit CaCO3. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, and the thermal properties, and scale sample crystal structure morphology of the copolymers were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of dosage, monomer ratio, temperature, and reaction time on the scale inhibition effect were investigated, and the optimal synthesis conditions were determined. The results show that: when the monomer ratio is n(IA):n(MA) = 1.0:1.0, the mass fraction of SHP is 10%, the amount of ammonium persulfate initiator is 12%, the reaction temperature is 90°C, and the reaction time is 4 h, when the dosage of the agent is 20 mg L−1, the scale inhibition rate of CaCO3 is 94.30%, while it also has a favorable inhibitory effect on CaSO4. The results of SEM and XRD show that the copolymer scale inhibitor can distort the lattice and has a favorable adsorption and dispersion effect. In addition, it has a positive effect on controlling the scale. 相似文献
12.
Do-Hwan Kim Jae-Hwan Cha Soon-Heon Hong Dong-Youn Kim Chang-Won Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2009,26(1):90-101
The corrosion of metal pipes in water distribution networks is a complex electrochemical and physicochemical phenomenon between
a metal surface and corrosive water. The level of corrosion in water distribution systems was controlled by manipulating the
calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) concentration, and the corrosive water quality was controlled in two steps
within the advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) constructed at the Institute of Water Quality Research (IWQR), Busan Metropolitan
City, Korea. The 1
st
control step was located before a coagulation process included on a rapid mixer, and the 2
nd
control step was located after a biological activated carbon (BAC) process. The capacity of the AWTP in IWQR was 80 m3/day. The CCPP concentration was controlled from the calcium hardness, alkalinity, and pH by adding calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the above two steps. A CCPP control system was installed and operated according to the developed algorithm to maintain
a CCPP range of 0–4 mg/L. The CCPP range was reasonably controlled to induce the formation of a CaCO3 film on the surface of the simulated water distribution system (SWDS). From the result of the corrosive water control, the
CCPP formed greater than 0.0 mg/L. The crystalloid structure of the scale produced by CCPP control in the inner surface of
pipe was zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Zn4CO3(OH)6·H2O). 相似文献
13.
Nittima Rungpin Sorapong Pavasupree Pattarapan Prasassarakich Sirilux Poompradub 《Polymer Composites》2015,36(9):1620-1628
The use of naturally renewable shells of the freshwater channeled applesnail, Pomacea canaliculata, as a filler to replace commercial calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was investigated in this study. Ground P. canaliculata shell particles were converted to nano‐CaCO3 particles by the displacement reaction of calcium chloride in sodium carbonate solution followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 1 h to synthesize nano‐CaCO3 with particle sizes of 30–100 nm in diameter. The mechanical properties, in terms of the tensile strength, elongation at brake and impact strength, of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were greatly improved by mixing with nano‐CaCO3 at 5–10 parts per hundred of resin. Additionally, the presence of nano‐CaCO3 at the same levels increased the flame resistance and thermal stability of the PVC composite materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1620–1628, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
14.
Liang-Chen Wang Wei-Dong Zhao Yao Che Rui-Kun Gou Hong-Bin Liu Chen-Guo Zhu Liang-Bi Wang Zhi Guan 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2020,137(46):49511
A hydrophilic copolymer (MA-APEA) containing carboxylic acid group and ethylene oxide group is synthesized from maleic anhydride (MA) and allyloxy polyethoxy carboxylic acid (APEA) in free radical polymerization and its structure is characterized using FT-IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and gel permeation chromatographic techniques. Seven polymer solutions with different degrees of deprotonation are prepared by adding caustic solution to the polymer solution. Effects of the degree of deprotonation of the polymer on curbing calcium scale and the corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel are studied. Influences of the operating conditions on inhibition against CaCO3 scale by the polymer with different degrees of deprotonation are also investigated. Effects of the degree of deprotonation on CaCO3 deposits/precipitate are analyzed using scanning electronic microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results show that different degrees of deprotonation of the polymer have different influences on different calcium scale and corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel. The performance of the polymer to withstand high alkalinity and high hardness and high temperature decreases with increase in the degree of deprotonation. The change in the degree of deprotonation influences the conversion of aragonite and vaterite to calcite, and hardly impacts the crystal morphology of CaCO3 crystals. MA-APEA has proven to be an excellent calcium scale inhibitor. 相似文献
15.
To investigate the effect of interfacial interaction on the crystallization and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/nano‐CaCO3 composites, three kinds of compatibilizers [PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA), ethylene–octene copolymer grafted with MA (POE‐g‐MA), and ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer grafted with MA (EVA‐g‐MA)] with the same polar groups (MA) but different backbones were used as compatibilizers to obtain various interfacial interactions among nano‐CaCO3, compatibilizer, and PP. The results indicated that compatibilizers encapsulated nano‐CaCO3 particles, forming a core–shell structure, and two interfaces were obtained in the compatibilized composites: interface between PP and compatibilizer and interface between compatibilizer and nano‐CaCO3 particles. The crystallization and mechanical properties of PP/nano‐CaCO3 composites were dependent on the interfacial interactions of these two interfaces, especially the interfacial interaction between PP and compatibilizer. The good compatibility between PP chain in PP‐g‐MA and PP matrix improved the dispersion of nano‐CaCO3 particles, favored the nucleation effect of nano‐CaCO3, increased the tensile strength and modulus, but reduced the ductility and impact strength of composites. The partial compatibility between POE in POE‐g‐MA and PP matrix had little effect on crystallization and mechanical properties of PP/nano‐CaCO3 composites. The poor compatibility between EVA in EVA‐g‐MA and PP matrix retarded the nucleation effect of nano‐CaCO3, and reduced the tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
16.
The CaCO3 deposits exist widely in the petroleum industry, causing severe damage to the equipment and production. In this article, a novel environment-friendly terpolymer scale inhibitor Poly (maleic anhydride - acrylic acid -2- acrylamide -2- methyl propanesulfonic acid) (P(MA-AA-AMPS))-containing carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, and amide group was synthesized. The structure and molecular weight were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and GPC. The static scale inhibition experiment was conducted to study the influence of factors such as the dosage, monomer ratio, temperature, pH, Ca2+ concentration, and concentration on the scale inhibition performance of CaCO3. The results show that when the monomer ratio is 2.0:1.0:0.5 and the dosage is 20 mg L−1, the maximum scale inhibition efficiency is 95.52%. Even when Ca2+ concentration exceeds 1200 mg L−1 and temperature reaches 90 °C, the scale inhibition efficiency is still larger than 80%. The results of SEM and XRD show that P(MA-AA-AMPS) interferes with the growth of CaCO3 crystal by adsorption, dispersion, and chelation. The effect leads to changes in the morphology of CaCO3 crystals, the size of which drops from 20–30 μm to 2–5 μm. The P(MA-AA-AMPS) can transform CaCO3 from stable calcite crystals to unstable aragonite and vaterite. Finally, the formation of CaCO3 scale is well inhibited. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48460. 相似文献
17.
The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) treated with zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium hydroxystannate [MgSn(OH)6], strontium hydroxystannate [SrSn(OH)6], ZHS–MgSn(OH)6, ZHS–SrSn(OH)6, MgSn(OH)6‐coated CaCO3, SrSn(OH)6‐coated CaCO3, ZHS–MgSn(OH)6‐coated CaCO3, and ZHS–SrSn(OH)6‐coated CaCO3 were studied with the limited oxygen index, char yield, and smoke density rating methods; the mechanical properties were also studied. The results showed that, with the equivalent addition of the corresponding hydroxystannate, the soft PVC treated with hydroxystannate‐coated CaCO3 had a higher limited oxygen index than the corresponding hydroxystannate, and the soft PVC treated with the agents containing magnesium had a higher limited oxygen index than the soft PVC treated with the agents containing strontium, except for ZHS–MgSn(OH)6‐coated CaCO3. The improvement in the char formation of the hydroxystannate‐coated CaCO3 was better than that of the corresponding hydroxystannate in most cases, and the aforementioned agents reduced the smoke density rating, decreased the tensile strength, and increased the elongation and impact strength basically. Thermal analysis showed that the additives promoted the evolution of hydrogen chloride, early crosslinking, and rapid charring through the strong catalyzing effect of Lewis acids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2013,27(16):1993-2012
Polypropylene (PP)/elastomer/fine filler particle ternary composite was prepared using polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-butene)-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) or carboxylated SEBS (C-SEBS) as elastomer and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) having mean size about 160 nm as filler. First, SEBS (or C-SEBS) and CaCO3 particles were mixed to form master batch. Second, the prepared master batch and PP matrix were kneaded. In the PP/SEBS/CaCO3 ternary composite, CaCO3 particles and SEBS particles were dispersed in the PP matrix separately. In the PP/C-SEBS/CaCO3 ternary composite, CaCO3 particles were encapsulated in C-SEBS and formed a core–shell structure at lower CaCO3 concentration; however, some CaCO3 particles were dispersed in PP matrix at higher CaCO3 concentration. In the PP/SEBS/CaCO3 composite, the impact strength increased with the amount of incorporated CaCO3 particles. Whereas, in the PP/C-SEBS/CaCO3 composite, the impact strength increased with the amount of CaCO3 particles dispersed in PP matrix. The master-batch method was found to be useful for improving the dispersibility of CaCO3 particles than the commonly used single-batch method. 相似文献
19.
H. Huang 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1999,74(6):1459-1464
A new self‐designed mechanochemical reactor, inlaid pan‐mill, was used in studying high density polyethylene (HDPE) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) blends. The effects of CaCO3 on the crushing and structure of HDPE matrix and the properties of HDPE/CaCO3 blends were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy, dynamical mechanical testing analysis, capillary rheometer, and Instron material testing system were used to characterize the structure of HDPE and evaluate the properties of HDPE/CaCO3 blends. The introduction of calcium carbonate during milling improved milling efficiency, and time needed for each cycle was greatly reduced. Oxygen‐containing groups on HDPE chains, which were produced during milling, increased interfacial interactions and improved the dispersion and distribution of calcium carbonate particles in HDPE/CaCO3 blends. Rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties were also improved. The elongation at break of milled blends with high concentrations of calcium carbonate was significantly higher than that of unmilled blends. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1459–1464, 1999 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2013,27(15):2005-2021
Magnetic field effects on CaCO3 adhesion to substrates were evaluated statistically as for the number of crystals, the occupied surface area per crystal and the crystal size distributions. CaCO3 was precipitated from Na2CO3 and CaCl2 solutions, which prior to precipitation were or were not exposed to a magnetic field under flowing conditions. Glass, copper and stainless steel plates were used as substrates. The precipitation process occurred at 30°C, and in the case of glass plate experiments were also conducted at 60°C. The CaCO3 deposits were photographed using an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a camera and then the images were analyzed statistically. For each system studied 14 plates were used. It was found that in all systems the magnetic field (MF) influenced the number of crystals deposited and their size distribution. The changes were statistically significant (t-Student's test). The nature of the substrate surface was found to have a significant effect on the amount of CaCO3 deposited. However, the average amount of calcium carbonate deposited on the glass surface at 30°C determined from 14 analyzed plates was only slightly less than that from MF-treated solutions (0.689 and 0.748 mg/cm2, respectively), and it was practically the same at 60°C (0.539 and 0.534 mg/cm2). At this higher temperature the deposition of calcium carbonate was reduced relative to that at 30°C. From the results obtained it may be concluded that the MF affects both nucleation and crystal growth of CaCO3. 相似文献