用于电气化分析的决策支持系统

电气化作为可持续发展的决定因素已逐渐为人们所认知,对于减少由于直接使用木材,原煤,石油等一次能源而造成的环境污染,实现电气化也是一个关键因素,对于多数发展中家而言,电气化是推动国家经济发展的有效途径。利用决策支持系统的基本概念,可以很好的辅助分析一个国家的电气化发展水平。文中介绍名为ＤＳＳＥＡ的辅助软件及其应用于中国事１０年的电气化水平方案分析;文中还对ＢＰ算法进行了改进,提高了训练的收敛速度和整     

新农村电气化村典型供电模式

为推进新农村电气化建设,提高农村配电网建设水平,以《新农村电气化建设实施纲要》和《新农村电气化标准体系》为依据,在充分调研、多方征求意见的基础上,研制、编写了新农村电气化村典型供电模式。根据经济水平将新农村电气化村划分为A,B,C等3类,电气化村的典型供电模式相应分为A,B,C等3类。另外,根据村的建筑布局,将村分为多层、联排和分散居住3类。在此基础上,有针对性地提出了10种电气化村典型供电模式,其中:A类3种,B类3种,C类4种。研究成果已在新农村电气化村建设中广泛应用,效果明显。     

对电气化铁路所产生谐波的研究

首先介绍了电气化铁路的用电特性,然后给出了电气化铁路的谐波特点。根据电气化铁路的供电特性给出了电铁产生谐波污染的原因,随后提出了一些治理谐波污染的措施和方法,最后为从根本上治理谐波污染提出了一种新的方案PWM整流-斩波取代现在所用的晶闸管相控整流桥。     

通信设备带电清洗技术探讨

带电清洗技术能有效地提高通信设备的维护保养水平,使之能够经常处于最佳状态,发挥出应有的功效。介绍了通信设备带电清洗的原理和工艺流程,探讨了带电清洗工作对通信设备的影响,并结合工程实例总结了带电清洗工作应注意的几个问题。     

电气化铁路对电网的影响及对策

首先从电气化铁路接触网的供电方式、牵引变压器的接线型式、电力机车的用电特性、无功补偿的方式等几个方面叙述了电气化铁路的用电特征。然后分析了电铁产生的谐波、负序、负荷波动的特点,及其对电网的电容器、继电保护、电能计量等的影响。并就减少电铁谐波、负序,减轻电铁对继电保护、电能计量的影响提出一些治理措施。最后从电力部门角度,提出针对电铁污染所应采取的一系列对策。     

Rural electrification: the long struggle

Bringing the benefits of electricity to farms and rural areas was mostly a dream in the early 20th Century. Many obstacles had to be overcome before the widespread use of rural electric power became practical. Today, many people in the United States have the mistaken idea that rural electrification suddenly appeared in 1935 when the Rural Electrification Administration (REA) was established by executive order and the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 was subsequently passed. This impression is unfortunate for two reasons. First, it fails to recognize the aspirations and contributions of two full generations of electrical engineers, who worked in the field prior to 1935; and second, it ignores significant progress made in other geographical areas of the world. This article explores some of this earlier history, then presents material as prepared by members of the Rural Electric Power Committee (REPC) of the IAS about the history of their committee     

轨道交通电气化专辑主编评述

轨道交通列车牵引系统控制性能与供电质量提升是电气化铁路发展永恒的主题,轨道交通电气化是实现铁路性能提升、多拉快跑、绿色高效的必由之路,以电力电子、电机驱动、现代控制与信息技术为核心的科学技术推动了轨道交通电气化的快速发展.近年来,随着新型电力电子器件、先进控制技术、智能检测与健康诊断理论的发展,功率器件应用及其可靠性评...     

A physicochemical explanation for flow electrification inlow-conductivity liquids in contact with a corroding wall

Electrification during the flow of insulating liquids in pipes has been studied for a long time. Its dependence on flow parameters and pipe geometry has been modeled for many different cases and is quite well known. Even though different laws of flow electrification have been obtained empirically in terms of the pipe length, a complete analysis taking into account the electrochemical reactions at the pipe wall-liquid interface is lacking. In this paper, the authors present a model of the process in the case of a corroding wall and a liquid containing additives or impurities partially dissociated into positive and negative ions. They treat the case of laminar flow and an interfacial reaction whose conversion is small compared to the concentrations of positive and negative ions in the bulk solution. They compute the evolution of the space charge density in terms of the axial and radial coordinates, and the flow velocity. The boundary conditions on the wall are deduced from the kinetics of the wall surface reactions with the additives. Thus, analysis of these chemical reactions allows computation of the net flux of electrical charge from the wall to the liquid. This flux is a function of the axial distance along the pipe and the mean flow velocity. Finally, comparison is made between the authors' model and experiments on flow electrification for hydrocarbons liquids     

Farm electrification: A road-map to decarbonize the agriculture sector

Electrification is a promising approach to most carbon-emitting sectors of economic sectors of human activities such as transportation and industry sectors. Electrifying the machinery and different systems used in a farm can mitigate the carbon footprint of the agriculture sector if renewable energy sources are coordinated with the agricultural loads appropriately. This paper presents a road-map that: 1) presents greenhouse gases emitting activities in the food supply chain, 2) the potential impact of vertical farming on the agriculture sector, 3) discuss the carbon footprint of different activities in the food supply chain, and 4) presents a road-map to decarbonize greenhouse gas emitting activities in farms. This paper estimates that electrification of farms in an appropriate process with renewable energy resources can decrease the carbon footprint of farming 44–70% depends on the type of the farm.     

俄罗斯电力工业的当前情况与问题

俄罗斯电力工业的雄厚实力是在前苏联时期 2 0世纪 5 0～ 90年代建设起来的。在前苏联解体后的复杂社会经济条件下 ,保留了统一电力系统的完整性 ,是不幸中的万幸。当前俄罗斯电力工业存在投资严重不足、技术和经济指标严重恶化、调控和管理不善等诸多问题 ,3次改革都夭折了 ,已到了非进行深层次和多方面改革不可的时候。 2 0 0 1年 5月 19日俄罗斯政府通过了新的电力工业改革方案 ,但仍存在分歧与争论     

Survival lessons in Russian defense conversion

The period of Perestroika, beginning in the second half of the 1980s in the former Soviet Union, was the beginning of disarmament and defense conversion in the USSR. Most of the Soviet military capacity was concentrated in Russia, and the conversion of the defense industry became very complicated and painful. There are a number of definitions of the conversion process. In Russia, defense conversion was usually understood to be a full or partial transformation of a defense enterprise's capacity to civilian capacity. If one analyzes the USSR and Russian governments' policies on defense conversion during the past decade, it becomes evident that what was planned was substantially different from what was actually realized. In this article, I have paid attention to the outcome of the conversion process. Conversion changed the attitude of the world towards Russia. The image of a highly militarized society, which Russia has managed to preserve for decades, is becoming rather dim     

Relationship between static electrification of transformer oils with turbidity and spectrophotometry measurements

The paper presents the research results on electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) of transformer oil in a spinning disk system. The measurements were performed at different aging severity. Changes in static electrification were related to some classical aging indexes (conductivity, dissipation factor, water content, resistivity, etc.). Fast, inexpensive and reliable laboratory testing procedures developed by ASTM (D 6802 and D 6181) were also used to monitor the decay products as trace impurities. The obtained results show that static electrification currents increase with temperature, oil flow velocity, coating disk material properties and oil’s aging byproducts. The polarity, the amplitude and the time constant of the streaming electrification currents are also affected. This contribution is not only intended to provide a fresh review in this domain of research, but also contains a substantial amount of new material with a view of closing some gaps in the present state of knowledge of transformer oil streaming electrification phenomenon.     

基于LSTM模型的四川省建筑业电气化率预测研究

伴随着建筑总量的不断攀升,建筑电气化已经成为中国建筑业实现“双碳”目标的关键所在。针对现有文献较少关注建筑电气化率测算和预测的不足,结合建筑电气化率的定义,从建筑业终端电气化率和建筑业终端运行电气化率两个方面构建了测算公式。在完成2010—2020年四川省建筑电气化率测算的基础上,运用长短期记忆模型,对2021—2030年四川省建筑电气化率进行了预测。研究结果可为四川省建筑业电气化水平的评估及其“双碳”方案的实现提供有益参考。     

俄罗斯电力工业当前的情况与问题

阐述了俄罗斯电力工业的生产运营和体制改革与调度管理中所遇到的情况与问题;介绍了俄罗斯电力工业改革的最新进展。     

农村电网技术的发展现状及趋势

本文就农电系统的技术现状与发展趋势进行了分析,结合国家电网公司对于农电发展的宏观思路和要求,论述了农电系统应着力解决的主要技术问题及其思路。     

Electric cooperatives and the political economy of rural electrification in Africa: Insights from Uganda

Rural electrification is a crucial process of enhancing the modern energy access of rural communities which is an important global development goal. Electric cooperatives have played an important role as drivers of rural electrification worldwide, both historically and contemporaneously. The emerging role of cooperatives in rural electrification is yet to be examined in the context of East Africa, a region that experiences serious infrastructure deficits alongside widespread rural poverty. This study adopts a political economy perspective to explore the roles and challenges of cooperatives in rural electrification in Uganda. Through a high-level case study of two electric cooperatives, we show that while the cooperatives can deliver rural electrification, they face a series of political and economic challenges in fulfilling their mission. To enhance rural electrification through cooperatives, the challenges should be addressed by policy solutions: (1) providing more support to rural households that cannot afford electricity; (2) providing further support to cooperatives to avoid overburdening the community; (3) enhancing investment to upgrade the grid and extend its geographical coverage; and (4) exploring new financial and technological options for rural electrification. We expect the findings of this study to be useful to policymakers, implementers, cooperatives, and international donors currently working in rural electrification in Africa and beyond.     

Electrification of polymer surface caused by sliding ultrapurewater

It has been thought that the conductivity of pure water is high enough to neglect the streaming electrification. However, with the recent advancement of semiconductor industries, ultrapure water appeared to cause electrification problems at the washing and the rinsing processes of semiconductor wafers. The investigation on the electrification phenomenon of polymer (PTFE) surface with ultrapure water is described in this article. Water droplets are always charged positively after sliding on the PTFE surface, and the surface potential on PTFE is mostly negative and varies along the droplet path becoming positive downstream. As the conductivity of water becomes closer to that of ideal water, the amount of droplet charge increases drastically. This electrification phenomenon is also enhanced by decreasing the thickness of the PTFE plate. It suggests that the Coulombic force between the charge on the PTFE surface and the mirror image charge is an important factor. We have proposed a model which is based on the electric double layer similar to conventional streaming electrification for insulating liquid, assuming that the charged droplet leaves the excess positive charge on the polymer surface     

Rural electrification implementation strategies through microgrid approach in South African context

Rural electrification requires high initial capital investments per capita due to its low energy demand and population density. These factors result in a higher cost of electricity than that for urban consumers. Although the solution to the majority of rural electrification financial challenges are with government policymakers, it is equally important for rural electrification project implementers to understand the technical challenges and identify any cost reduction potential. This paper proposes and compares a diverse set of standalone electrification strategies for a variety of consumer load types in the Sdakeni rural area in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The aim of this research is to compare the electrification strategies based on: cost, efficiency, performance, equipment utilization factor, excess electricity produced etc. Based on the findings from the comparison, the paper will provide insight into suitability of such strategies and act as a guideline for balancing cost optimization process and design robustness of such systems. It will also provide recommendations on future research along this line which would include aspects that could not be covered in this work.     

Electrification design for modern housing scheme projects

Global electricity access is a key component of the United States Sustainable Development Goals and recently escalating its global efforts to monitor the electrification development progress. To report these efforts, we present a new housing scheme electrification design, planning and examine the impact of urban electrification on individuals and businesses in the community and explore the theory of resource-based entrepreneurship. The target of this design study is to provide an adequate, stable, reliable and economical electrification design to the prospective consumers of the scheme in an acceptance manner. The scope of this study is to cover the required estimates for the project to install and procure equipment and materials for 11 kV distribution lines, low voltage distribution supply networks and necessary measures for electrification of non-electrified areas, full design of cost estimation and power loss analysis of electric distribution networks. Housing scheme design planners can process the information as a design package and create a variety of formats that can be customized to meet the needs of the customers. For example, cost estimates and the contractor logistics can be used in the pre-design phase of the customer schedule. The electrification design method and conclusion of this work are intended to contribute to the improvement of housing scheme electrification design, and particularly useful for the developing nations.     

Electrification: Its Effect on Signaling and Communications

When an operating railroad is electrified, the propulsion power may produce effects on the signaling and communication facilities which require conversion for compatibility. This paper explains the role of signaling and communications in railroading, describing the needs and economic justification. It describes the effects of electrification and the requirements for conversion of facilities. It suggests a systems approach to electrification, on the basis that proper coordination of propulsion power with signaling and communication facilities can materially improve the return on investment for electrification.