Determination of the 850 °C isothermal section in the Co-Ni-Ti system

The isothermal section of the Co-Ni-Ti system at 850 °C was determined by using diffusion couple specimens and equilibrated alloys, which were analyzed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques. This isothermal section consists of 9 single-phase regions, 12 two-phase regions, and 4 three-phase regions. The 9 single-phase regions include αTi solid solution, βTi solid solution, Ti₂(Co, Ni), Ti(Co, Ni), fcc-(Co, Ni) solid solution, and solid solutions based on TiCo₂(hexagonal), TiCo₂(cubic), TiCo₃, and TiNi₃. No ternary Co-Ni-Ti compound was found.     

The 1400°C isothermal section of the Ti-Al-Nb ternary system

The 1400‡C isothermal section of Ti-Al-Nb system was determined using the diffusion couple technique, along with optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Equilibrated alloys were employed to identify the phase regions using XRD. The isothermal section consists of seven single-phase regions including Β(ΒTi,Nb), α(αTi), γ(TiAl), η((Ti,Nb)Al₃), σ(Nb₂Al), δ(Nb₃Al), and γ₁. The detailed studies on the γ₃₁ phase were made by XRD, DTA, and DSC.     

Isothermal section of the Ho-Co-Fe system at 773 K

The 773 K isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Ho-Co-Fe ternary system was investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. The isothermal section of the ternary system consists of 6 three-phase regions, 16 two-phase regions and 11 single-phase regions. Three pairs of corresponding compounds of Ho-Co and Ho-Fe systems, i.e., Ho₂Co₁₇ and Ho₂Fe₁₇, HoCo₃ and HoFe₃, HoCo₂ and HoFe₂, form a continuous series of solid solution. At 773 K the compound Ho₆Fe_23−xCo_x was found to have a wide homogeneity range from 0 to 29 at.% Co. The maximum solid solubilities of Fe in Co, Ho₂Co₇, Ho₁₂Co₇ and Ho₃Co were determined to be about 10, 9, 2 and 5 at.% Fe, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Co in Fe is found to be 78 at.% Co.     

The isothermal section of the Ti–Co–Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase equilibria of the Ti–Co–Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). The isothermal section consists of 16 single-phase regions, 31 two-phase regions and 16 three-phase regions. There are 11 binary compounds, i.e. CoZr₃, CoZr₂, CoZr, Co₂Zr, Co₂₃Zr₆, Co₁₁Zr₂, TiCo₃, h-TiCo₂, c-TiCo₂, TiCo, Ti₂Co in the system. The existence of two ternary compounds Co₁₀Ti₇Zr₃ and Co₆₆Ti₁₇Zr₁₇ has been confirmed at 773 K. Co₂Zr, CoZr₃ and TiCo have a range of homogeneity. The solubilities of Ti in CoZr was determined to be up to 8.1 at.% Ti.     

The phase equilibria in the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K

The phase relationships in the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). 9 binary compounds, i.e. Pr₅Si₃, Pr₅Si₄, PrSi, PrSi₂, ZrSi₂, ZrSi, Zr₅Si₄, Zr₃Si₂ and Zr₂Si were confirmed. The isothermal section of the Pr-Si-Zr ternary system at 773 K consists of 12 single-phase regions, 21 two-phase regions and 10 three-phase regions. None of the intermediate compound phases in this system exhibits a remarkable solid solution range at 773 K.     

The 673 and 1123 K isothermal sections (partial) of the phase diagram of the Ce–Mg–Ni ternary system

The 673 and 1123 K isothermal sections (partial) of the phase diagram of the Ce–Me–Ni ternary system were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The (Ce-poor part) 673 K isothermal section consists of 11 single-phase regions, 21 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions. The (Ni-rich part) 1123 K isothermal section consists of 8 single-phase regions, 14 two-phase regions and 7 three-phrase regions. No apparent solid solubility was detected in this work.     

773K isothermal section of Gd—Ni—Ti ternary system

The 773K isothermal section of the Gd-Ni-Ti system was investigated b X-ray diffractometry,optical microanalysis and electron probe microanalysis techniques.The results show that it consists of 13 single-phase regions,23 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions.The maximum solid solubility of Ti in Ni,Gd2Ni17,GdNi5 and Gd2Ni7 are 6.0%,3.0%,3.0%,and 2.5(mole fraction).respectively.     

Isothermal section of the Co-Er-Y ternary system at 500 °C

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Co-Er-Y ternary system at 500 °C was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction technique, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis and optical microscopy. The 500 °C isothermal section consists of 14 single-phase regions, 19 two-phase regions, and 6 three-phase regions. Six pairs of corresponding compounds Er₂Co₁₇ and Y₂Co₁₇, Er₂Co₇ and Y₂Co₇, ErCo₃ and YCo₃, ErCo₂ and YCo₂, Er₄Co₃ and Y₄Co₃, Er₃Co and Y₃Co and metals Y and Er form a continuous series of solid solutions. The maximum solid solubility of Y in the compounds Er₁₂Co₇ is about 19 at.% Y.     

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Dy–Mn–Ni ternary system at 803 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the ternary system Dy–Mn–Ni system at 803 K was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), optical microanalysis and electron probe microanalysis techniques. It consists of 13 single-phase regions, 22 two-phase regions and 10 three-phase regions. At 803 K, the maximum solid solubilities of Mn in Ni, Dy₂Ni₁₇, DyNi₅, Dy₂Ni₇, DyNi₃, DyNi, Dy₃Ni₂ and Dy₃Ni are about 31at.% Mn, 6 at.% Mn, 5.5 at.% Mn, 3 at.% Mn, 5 at% Mn, 5 at.% Mn, 3 at.% Mn and 1.5 at.% Mn, respectively. The maximum solid solubilities of Ni in Mn, DyMn₁₂ and Dy₆Mn₂₃ are about 2.6 at.% Ni, 2 at.% Ni and 4 at.% Ni, respectively. DyMn₂ and DyNi₂ form a continous solid solution in this system. The binary compounds DyNi₄ and Dy₄Ni₁₇ were not observed in this work. The existence of any ternary compound was not observed.     

Assessment of Co-Cr-Ni ternary system by CALPHAD technique

The Co-Cr-Ni ternary system was critically assessed using the CALPHAD technique.The solution phases including the liquid,γ(Co,Ni),εCo and αCr phases were described by a substitutional solution model.The σ phase was characterized by a three-sublattice model of (Co,Ni)8Cr4(Co,Cr,Ni)18 in order to reproduce its homogeneity range determined by experiments.A self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters for each phase was derived.