Schaum und Schaumzerstörung – ein Überblick

Foam and Foam Breaking – A Review. Many technical processes produce foams which complicate the performance of a given process or even make it possible. Foam breaking, therefore, becomes necessary. This paper outlines well known and new methods of foam breaking as well as the breaking principles. For the example of sprinkling, the influence of selected parameters on the destruction efficiency and the formation of secondary foam can be demonstrated. After a discussion the properties of foam, stabilizing and destabilizing effects, possibilities of foam characterization and foam avoidance are presented.     

壳聚糖避孕泡沫气雾剂处方筛选研制

目的：制备避孕泡沫气雾剂,方法：以壳聚糖为基质制备避孕泡沫气雾。采用正交设计试验,以样品的黏稠度、泡沫细腻度及pH为考察指标,优化处方配比。结果：所制制剂为淡黄色半流体,产品质量符合《中国药典》2010年版气雾剂通则项下的要求。壳聚糖避孕泡沫气雾中壳聚糖、辛苯醇醚、甘油、柠檬酸的最佳用量分别为1．5％、3％、8％、2．0％。结论：壳聚糖避孕泡沫气雾的制备工艺简单、可行,杀精作用明显。     

Beiträge zur Schaumreinigung fester Oberflächen 2. Mitteilung: Schaumeigenschaften und Wirksamkeit

Foam Cleaning of Solid Surfaces 2. Foam Properties and Effectiveness Cleaning foams are very stable. Although the foam gives up almost the entire amount of liquid entrained in the lamella within 20 min, the original volume is retained. The highly alkaline solution released wets the soiled surface of the tile, swells the dried up protein rest and dissolves the same, which is subsequently removed by rinsing with water. The effectiveness of foam cleaning can be increased by up to 10% using longer periods of action of the foam on the soiled surface. Mechanical and heat treatment are of limited value in foam cleaning.     

泡沫金属的制备、性能及其在催化反应中的应用

泡沫金属是一种具有独特结构和性能的新型功能材料。介绍了泡沫金属材料常见的制备工艺(发泡法,烧结法,铸造法,沉积法)、物理性能和在催化反应中的应用（载体和催化剂）,并对泡沫金属材料在应用中存在的问题和前景作了评述。     

泡沫分离设备的研究进展

作为一种新型分离技术,泡沫分离技术具有设备简单、能耗低、易于操作、低浓度条件下效率高和无污染等优点,该技术在降低表面活性物质分离成本方面具有极大的潜力,在工业上得到了广泛的应用。本工作分析了近年来文献报道中应用于分离回收蛋白质、有机污染物、天然产物、金属离子、微藻等的各种泡沫分离设备,并结合泡沫分离技术的发展历程将其分为传统泡沫分离设备和改进泡沫分离设备。重点阐述了改进泡沫分离设备的作用机理和分离效果,突显泡沫分离技术的重要性。改进型泡沫分离设备在一定程度上提高了分离效果,但依然存在一些问题,如很多设备在提高富集比的同时也降低了回收率。     

Stirring as foam disruption (SAFD) technique in fermentation processes

Foam reduction through stimng was studied in 20 L bioreactors with artificial media and with an actual biotransforma-tion process. For a given stirrer configuration and within a certain range of the broth mass, the foam height was correlated with the broth mass, i.e. the distance between upper stirrer and dispersion surface, and with the superficial gas velocity. Increasing the stirrer speed often resulted in reducing the foam height. A mechanistic model was developed for the Stirring As Foam Disruption (SAFD) technique, relating the foam height to the horizontal liquid velocity near the dispersion surface. The model illustrates the general applicability of the SAFD technique and points to foam entrainment as the major mechanism for the foam disruption.     

泡沫流变特性研究

对泡沫的流变特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,泡沫为典型的拟塑性流体,其流变模式为μ_a=Kγ~(n-1).在(?)=40%～90%内,得到K=1866.84(?)~(3.094),n=0.3866exp(1.591(?)-1.108(?)~2)此外,泡沫的表观粘度还受起泡剂的种类、浓度、泡沫的大小、外界温度等因素的影响.     

Bulk and bubble-scale experimental studies of influence of nanoparticles on foam stability

Influence of silicon oxide(SiO_2) and aluminum oxide(Al_2O_3) nanoparticles on the stability of nanoparticles and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) mixed solution foams was studied at bulk and bubble-scale. Foam apparent viscosity was also determined in Hele-Shaw cell In order to investigate the foam performance at static and dynamic conditions. Results show that the maximum adsorption of surfactant on the nanoparticles occurs at 3 wt% surfactant concentration. Foam stability increases while the foamability decreases with the increasing nanoparticle concentration. However, optimum nanoparticle concentration corresponding to maximum foam stability was obtained at 1.0 wt% nanoparticle concentration for the hydrophilic SiO_2/SDS and Al_2O_3/SDS foams. Foam performance was enhanced with increasing nanoparticles hydrophobicity. Air-foams were generally more stable than CO_2 foams.Foam apparent viscosity increased in the presence of nanoparticles from 20.34 mPa·s to 84.84 mPa·s while the film thickness increased from 27.5 μm to 136 μm. This study suggests that the static and dynamic stability of conventional foams could be improved with addition of appropriate concentration of nanoparticles into the surfactant solution. The nanoparticles improve foam stability by their adsorption and aggregation at the foam lamellae to increase film thickness and dilational viscoelasticity. This prevents liquid drainage and film thinning and improves foam stability both at the bulk and bubble scale.     

有机泡沫浸渍法制备SiC泡沫陶瓷的研究进展

泡沫陶瓷具有气孔率高、热稳定性好等优良性能，被广泛用作金属溶液过滤器、高温气体和离子交换过滤器、催化荆载体等。笔者主要介绍了采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备SiC泡沫陶瓷的研究现状，探讨了影响产品性能的主要因素，展望了SiC泡沫陶瓷的发展前景。     

起泡剂的起泡性能及使用浓度优选研究

起泡剂的起始发泡体积和泡沫稳定性是决定起泡剂起泡性能的两个重要因素,也是实际应用当中筛选起泡剂的重要指标.采用Ross-Miles法对13种不同类型起泡剂在常温下的起泡性能进行了评价.结果表明：不同类型起泡剂的起始发泡体积和泡沫稳定性具有显著的不同.不同起泡剂的起始发泡体积随浓度的增加而增大.当起泡剂浓度增加到0.5％时,起始发泡体积趋于稳定,由此确定起泡剂的最佳使用浓度为0.5％.     

Analysis of the Effects of Hydrocarbon Chain on Foam Properties of Alkyl Polyglycosides

The influence of surfactant structure on foam properties of different alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) in aqueous solutions was studied. Foamability, foam stability, and foam morphology were analyzed using the FoamScan method. Results showed that the foamability, foam stability, and the liquid carrying ability of long-chain APGs are higher than those of short-chain APGs. Foam morphology analysis showed that the foam produced by short-chain APGs is more unstable than the foam generated by long-chain APGs. Long-chain APGs have stronger intermolecular cohesion force, stringency, and ductility than short-chain APGs.     

冰箱用环戊烷聚氨酯发泡体系流动性的研究

探讨了冰箱用硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡体系中催化剂、匀泡剂等因素对物料流动性的影响。结果表明,催化剂对环戊烷发泡体系的流动性影响较大,不同类型催化剂在恰当的用量匹配下可使发泡物料获得较佳的流动性,在物料的爬高性能与泡沫密度分布均匀性方面均有改善;匀泡剂对环戊烷体系的流动性影响主要体现在泡沫密度分布方面,当匀泡剂用量为2．2份时,发泡体系的密度分布最均匀。     

夏季面漆起泡的预防

面漆漆膜在夏季潮湿天气下成膜后3—5天，漆膜表面易形成米粒状的漆泡，针对漆泡的现象，寻找其形成的机理，根据起泡的机理采取预防面漆起泡的措施。     

泡沫浮选分离法的最新发展动态

泡沫分离是根据吸附的原理,向含表面活性物质的液体中鼓泡,使液体内的表面活性物质聚集在气液界面上,在液体主体上方形成泡沫层,将泡沫层和液相主体分开,就可以达到浓缩表面活性物质和净化液相主体的目的。泡沫分离是以气泡作分离介质来浓集表面活性物质的一种新型分离技术。本文注重介绍了泡沫浮选分离法的发展历史及其发展状况,另外也论述了其最新的发展动态,以及其优缺点。     

Mechanical properties of methacylic acid/acrylonitrile copolymer foam

To gain a foam plastic with excellent mechanical properties, tensile mechanical properties of methacylic acid/acrylonitrile (MAA/AN) copolymer and the corresponding foam microstructure were studied, and furthermore effects of the density, heat treatment, and crosslinking agent on foam mechanical properties were also discussed in this paper. The results reveal that the tensile strength and modulus of the copolymer after heat treatment are 64 MPa and 4.2 GPa respectively, when compared with 58 MPa and 3.8 GPa before heat treatment respectively. Foam mechanical properties are enhanced with the rise of the density, and the values tested accords with the theoretical values of pentagonal dodecahedron mechanical model basically. Foam mechanical properties are enhanced via heat treatment, and the same result can be observed after using the crosslinking agent (acrylamide) too. All these results indicate that MAA/AN copolymer foam possesses excellent mechanical properties, such as its tensile, 10% compressive and shear strength are 1.3, 0.8, and 0.8 MPa respectively when the foam density is 52 kg/m³. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:314–322, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Numerical analysis on reaction injection molding of polyurethane foam by using a finite volume method

Foam reaction injection molding (FRIM) is one of the most popular and useful processes for producing polyurethane foam with a complex geometry. A theoretical model which includes chemical reactions, foaming, and mold filling was developed to analyze FRIM. Energy balance equation was derived by considering polyurethane reaction, water-isocyanate reaction, and evaporation of physical blowing agents. Density and viscosity model was proposed for the bubble suspension, which was assumed to be a homogeneous phase. Based on the theoretical model, three-dimensional numerical simulation for mold filling of the polyurethane foam was carried out to predict flow field, flow front advancement, and density distribution during mold filling. Mold filling of a refrigerator cavity was investigated numerically. The density and thermal conductivity of the foam in the flow front was higher than those in the initially filled region.     

1万t／a发泡剂ADC装置工艺设计

发泡剂ADC是当今世界上使用量最大的橡胶和塑料发泡剂,目前国内主要的生产厂家都有继续扩产的计划,笔者仅以1万t/a发泡剂ADC为例,简要地介绍了发泡剂ADC装置的工艺流程,主要设备选型与台数计算,设计中应注意的问题以及三废回收治理措施,在获得经济效益的同时也获得了社会效益。     

碳氢/有机硅/低碳醇三元系泡沫及抑制煤自燃的效果分析

泡沫灭火剂是常用的火灾扑救方法之一,但常规泡沫灭火剂存在半衰期短,析液、聚并迅速而影响灭火效能的问题,基于火灾化学和活性剂技术,提出碳氢表面活性剂SDS、有机硅表面活性剂LS-99和低碳醇的三元系泡沫体系,并系统探究碳氢/有机硅/低碳醇的复配配比。通过表面张力、发泡高度、稳泡系数的大量测试,发现LS-99的临界胶束浓度为0.0083%。LS-99和SDS二元系在降低表面张力、提升发泡高度和稳泡系数方面具有良好的协同增效作用。在此基础上引入适量浓度的能够延缓泡沫析液、聚并的异丁醇,设计出了性能优良的碳氢/有机硅/低碳醇泡沫灭火剂。LS-99、SDS和异丁醇的质量分数为0.1%时,测试结果表明SDS/LS-99/醇三元系泡沫的发泡倍数可达52.5倍,25%析液时间可达210 s,300 s时的稳泡系数高达0.958,半衰期远超常规泡沫。煤自燃的灭火抑制实验表明,SDS/LS-99/醇三元系泡沫作用下,煤自燃各反应阶段的活化能相较于空气氛围均增大,反应难度增强;最大失重速率下降,反应剧烈程度减弱。初期吸热阶段的吸热量为78.3 J/g,大于空气氛围下煤氧复合的吸热量,吸热增幅高达2.16倍。放热阶段的放热量为1765.4 J/g,相较于空气氛围放热降幅达到15.15%,表明SDS/LS-99/醇三元系泡沫对煤自燃具有良好的灭火效果。     

铸造用泡沫陶瓷过滤器的生产工艺

本文详细介绍了泡沫陶瓷过滤器的生产工艺,并简单介绍了其过滤机理。对海绵加工、浆料调节及产品烧结等生产工序分别作了阐述,并提出了生产过滤器的技术要求和铸造使用过程中的注意事项。     

Foam glass and problems of energy conservation

Foam glass is one of the most promising and demanded materials for its heat-insulating properties and environmental cleanness in production and use. There has been a trend toward development of foam glass production in Russia. In the near future, no less than six foam glass production lines will be started up.