Re-evaluation of the phase relationship between plutonium and zirconium dioxides

The phase relationship between ZrO₂ and PuO₂ was examined in a low PuO₂ content region, from 3.1 to 11.2 mol% PuO₂, at temperatures between 1273 K and 1473 K, by high temperature X-ray diffractometry. The measurements were carried out in air. At 1273 K, the samples in this composition range consisted of two phases, monoclinic and cubic. Another phase, tetragonal, was observed at 1373 K. The low temperature monoclinic phase disappeared at 1473 K. It was confirmed that the monoclinic phase disappears around 1463 K; the disappearance temperature does not depend on the composition of the sample. It was, thus, inferred that there should be a eutectoid line in the phase diagram. Though the eutectoid point is not clear, the PuO₂ content at the point should be less than 3.1 mol%.     

Removal of Americium by Its Evaporation during Carbothermic Reduction of Plutonium Dioxide

The kinetic study of the reduction of U(VI) at the titanium electrode in nitric acid and hydrazine media was carried out at 25±0.5°C. Uranium (VI) is reduced through a totally irreversible process and kinetic parameters are affected by both the concentration of nitric acid and the electrolytic potential. An empirical equation to express the rate of the reduction of U(VI) was proposed and was confirmed to be in fairly good agreement with the amount of U(IV) produced by the controlled-potential electrolysis. The optimal condition for the preparation of U(IV) from U(VI) was found to be the electrolysis at -0.5V vs. Ag-AgC1/sat.KC1 in 1–2 M HNO₃ and 0.1–0.2_M hydrazine.     

Three Phase Region in Ternary System UO2-PUO2-PU2O3

The thermal decomposition of PuF₆ in the temperature range from 100° to 160°C was studied. At 100° and 120°C, no decomposition was detected. At 140° and 160°C, the rate of decomposition during reaction lasting up to 20 hr, and the dependence of the decomposition on the initial PuF₆ pressure were determined. The results are explained by assuming that the rate of decomposition is proportional to the 0.4-th power of PuF₆ pressure. The activation energy of the reaction was found from calculation to be 14.8 kcal/mole.     

Reactions between SiC and Pd or CeO2 at High Temperatures

Mixtures of SiC and Pd or CeO₂ were heated in air and in vacuum, and the reaction products were determined by powder X-ray diffractometry. High temperature X-ray diffractometry was also conducted to analyze the reaction. The reaction between SiC and Pd began at about 1,000°C, and the products were found to be Pd₂Si and Pd₃Si. A mixture of SiC and CeO₂ produced no detectable amount of product when heated in air up to 1,500°C, but when heated in vacuum, reaction began above 1,100°C, which generated different products depending on the conditions. Two unknown phases appeared during the heating. These phases were considered to be Ce₄(SiO₄)₃ and cubic CeC₂, the latter compound being formed by the reaction between the carbon in SiC and CeSi₂ melt.     

Phase Diagram of Ternary RbF-PbF2-BiF3 System as Target Salt in Accelerator Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor

Elementary chemical reactions including volatile (gaseous) fission products, such as iodine and cesium, are analyzed from the first principle, so as to enable us to study the kinetic behavior (non-equilibrium state) of fission products in severe light water reactor accidents without experimental rate constants. Activation energies are calculated with a computer program Gaussian94, which is based on the non-empirical (ab initio) molecular orbital theory. Calculated values are expected to agree with those of experiments within an accuracy of a few kcal/mol. Using the values obtained above, rate constants are also calculated in the framework of the transition state theory. It is concluded that the derived rate constants can predict the orders of magnitude of experimental values under high temperature conditions (1,000 K or higher) as in severe accidents.     

HNO3-H2C2O4体系中Np和Pu的分离研究

研究了30％TBP-煤油在不同的硝酸-草酸混合溶液中对Np,Pu各价态的萃取分配,在HNO     

1AP中铀钚在线分析

为及时监测后处理台架实验1AP中铀和钚浓度,设计加工了1套用于铀钚浓度在线测量的X射线荧光装置,该装置几何光路入射光线与出射光线夹角为60°。为保护光管和探测器不受环境腐蚀,对装置进行了密封。采用已定值的铀和钚配制不同浓度的系列溶液作标准溶液,绘制工作曲线,在此基础上,建立了测量铀钚浓度的分析方法。经测试,本装置测量铀浓度的相对标准偏差为0.42%;连续测量3 h,相对极差为1.6%,说明该装置稳定性良好。应用该装置对台架实验1AP中铀浓度进行在线测量,能及时检测铀浓度的波动,测量值与滴定法得到的值较一致。     

The Perturbation Method for the Neutron Diffusion Approximation

The eigenvalue spectrum of the neutron transport operator for fast multiplying systems is discussed under the continuous energy treatment and with the assumption of isotropic distribution of the neutrons emitted by scattering and fission. In particular, the sufficient conditions are presented for the existence and non-existence of what is known as the fundamental mode. Further, it will be shown that, if the energy transfer kernel is positive almost everywhere, then the eigenvalue for the fundamental mode is strictly larger than the real part of any other eigenvalue and there are no non-negative eigenfunctions excepting the fundamental mode.     

基于二维X射线衍射技术的TiH2薄膜残余应力分析

氢化钛（TiH₂）的多数X射线衍射(XRD)峰与Mo的衍射峰峰位很接近,采用传统θ-2θ扫描X射线衍射方法很难获得Mo基底上TiH₂薄膜的较好的衍射峰形。本文采用XRD分析了Mo基底上TiH₂薄膜的残余应力,为获得足够的薄膜衍射信息,通过掠入射二维X射线衍射法消除了薄膜基底衍射信号对薄膜衍射峰的干扰影响。采用纳米压痕仪测得的TiH₂薄膜样品的弹性模量及TiH₂薄膜的（311）衍射晶面,利用掠入射二维X射线衍射法和侧倾法测定了TiH₂薄膜样品中不同深度范围的残余应力。测试结果表明,在TiH₂薄膜样品中,随着深度的增加,薄膜样品中的残余应力由张应力逐渐转变为压应力,且张应力和压应力均表现为呈椭圆形分布的正向应力。     

纳米SnO2和SnO2／SiO2材料的正电子湮没研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了纯纳米ＳｎＯ２和掺杂ＳｉＯ２的纳米ＳｎＯ２材料，应用Ｘ射线衍射和正电子湮没寿命谱等手段进行了纳米材料的界面结构和纳米晶粒的生长过程，结果表明，所制备的纳米ＳｎＯ２和ＳｎＯ２／ＳｉＯ２材料中只存在两类缺陷，分别对短寿命τ１和中等寿命τ２，材料中两类缺陷的数量比与粒径有关，纳米ＳｎＯ２晶粒生长随热处理温度升高为分两个阶段，低于晶化临界温度时，晶粒生长缓慢，高于此温度时，则生长迅速     

新型稀土永磁材料Nd_2Fe_(17-x-y)Nb_xAl_y的中子衍射分析及磁性能研究

通过X射线衍射、中子衍射及磁测量等研究了Nb、Al双取代对Nd2Fe17-x-yNbxAly化合物结构和磁性能的协同影响。X射线衍射结果表明,Nd2Fe17-x-yNbxAly的晶胞体积几乎随Al含量的增加而线性增加,当Al含量相同时,Nb的加入引起晶胞体积的增大。中子衍射分析结果表明,Nb优先占据6c晶位,Al优先占据18h晶位。磁测量结果表明,0.0≤y≤3.0时,单取代的Nd2Fe17-yAly化合物的居里温度随Al含量的增加先升高后降低,但双取代的Nd2Fe16.5-yNb0.5Aly化合物的居里温度却随Al含量的增加而线性升高,这表明Nb、Al双取代对磁性能的改善会产生协同效应。     

Band Structure and Chemical Bond in ThX Compounds

The band structure of metallic Th and NaCl-type ThX (X=C, N, P, S) compounds were calculated by tight-binding method, with the parametrization improvement. Values of two-center parameters chosen so as to fit the result for Th given by Gupta & Loucks were found to be very close to two-center integrals with a suitable integration range. Applying this method for evaluating parameters, the band structures for ThX compounds were also computed. Population analysis to determine the electron populations in each orbital based on the results obtained by the method indicated that for all compounds calculated the occupied states consist mainly of σ type bonding between metalloid p and Th d_r as well as bonding between π and Th d_?.     

X光透镜在X射线衍射技术中的应用

用整体平行束X光透镜代替常规衍射仪的索拉狭缝和/或附加狭缝,入射和衍射X光强度可提高1.5―3.5倍,分辨率可达0.4°,可用于薄膜、粉末样品和离子束沉积样品的分析。将微会聚X光透镜应用于生物大分子衍射、高压X射线衍射、四圆X射线衍射3个不同的衍射领域,在相同X光源功率条件下,使用X光透镜后的衍射强度提高到原来的3―10倍,信噪比和分辨率有不同程度的改善。     

冠状化合物在锂同位素分离中的应用

锂有两种稳定的同位素且在核能工业中都有重要的应用,工业上分离锂同位素的方法为锂汞齐法,但该法需使用大量有毒的汞,对人类健康和环境卫生带来了严重问题,因此寻找一种绿色有效的替代方法势在必行。自冠醚和穴醚合成后,在锂同位素分离上的优良特性使其成为了国内外研究热点,本工作将近40年来冠状化合物在锂同位素分离中的研究成果进行了系统的归类和总结,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

NSRL衍射和散射线站硬X射线参数测量

描述了NSRL新建X射线衍射和散射光束线站的主要指标测试及其结果,包括X射线单色光斑的CCD成像(4mm×0.5mm)、波长标定和光子通量(0.4×10~9—2.1×10~9 photons·s~(-1)·(100mA)~(-1))的测量;已在该线站上应用同步辐射X射线成功地收集了5组700余幅磷脂酶A2和神经毒蛋白晶体的衍射数据,处理结果良好。     

Y2O3压致结构相变的研究

本文采用金刚石对顶砧高压装置（DAC），利用同步辐射X－ray衍射，对Y2O3粉末样品进行了原位高压X－ray衍射实验，最高压力达到23GPa。在研究的压力范围内观察到两个相变。在12.8GPa压力点，Y2O3由稀土倍半氧化物的立方结构转变为单斜结构。在21.8GPa压力点，样品由单斜结构转变为另一个新相，但由于样品峰的消失，无法判断其结构。卸压后样品为单斜结构，说明Y2O3第一个压致结构相变为不可逆相变。     

Magnetovolume and chemical bonding effects of Sn atom in the γ'-(Fe1-xSnx)4N compounds

Combining x-ray diffraction and high pressure Mossbauer spectroscopy,the structure and the hyperfine parameters of Sn substituted for Fe in γ'-Fe4N were in-vestigated. The results of x-ray diffraction indicate that single phase γ'-(Fel-xSnx)4Ncompounds can be synthesized in the composition range 0≤ x ≤ 0.3, and the latticeparameter can be well fitted with two linear formulas α0(x) = 3.795 + 0.019 × x (0.0≤x ≤0.10) and α0(x) = 3.795+ 0.228 × (x- 0.1)(0.10 ≤ x ≤0.30) for different contentof Sn. Using high pressure Mossbauer spectra, the influences of the magnetovolunceffect and the chemical bonding effect of Sn atom on the hyperfine magnetic field andthe isomer shift were first distinguished. It is found that the magnetovolume and thechemical bonding have different influences on the properties of γ'-(Fe1-xSnx)4N, andthe latter plays a more important role.     

氧氩比对低活化马氏体钢表面氧化铪涂层性能的影响

本文采用射频磁控溅射法在不同氧氩比下制备氧化铪涂层.研究了涂层的沉积速率、表面形貌、微观结构和电绝缘特性随氧氩比的变化.结果表明用此方法在低活化马氏体钢上制备的氧化铪涂层表面致密、无明显孔洞;低活化马氏体钢为衬底时涂层较易结晶为以单斜相为主的晶体结构;且涂层的绝缘特性受氧氩比影响较大,氧氩比为0.7和1.2下制备的涂层击穿场强小于1 MV/cm,电绝缘特性较差,在较低氧氩比下制备的涂层有较理想的绝缘性能.     

一种针对组合材料研究的高通量X射线结构、成分表征方法

将X射线毛细管聚焦技术和能量色散X射线衍射技术相结合，提出了一种新的针对组合材料研究的高通量X射线结构、成分分析方法，并实际构建了一个样机，测试了样机的性能，验证了此方法的可行性及优缺点。