Eu~(3+)掺杂Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2玻璃的制备与荧光性能研究

采用高温熔融法制备了Eu3+掺杂Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2荧光玻璃,探讨了成分对该体系玻璃形成能力的影响,并对不同Eu3+掺杂浓度下的荧光性能进行了研究.结果表明,熔融温度为1500℃条件下,SiO2含量对该体系的玻璃形成能力影响明显,Y/Al摩尔比为3/5时,SiO2含量在52%—68%(摩尔分数)范围内时可以获得玻璃.掺杂Eu3+的Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃具有荧光性能,在395nm波长激发下,在588 nm和614 nm处出现明显的发射峰.随着Eu3+掺杂浓度的增加,该荧光玻璃的发射波长不变,但发射强度有所变化;当Eu3+掺杂浓度为1.5%(摩尔分数)时,特征发射峰强度最大.     

石英玻璃对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃性能的影响

向水淬后的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃粉中加入石英玻璃粉，参照玻璃粉末的DTA曲线确定晶化温度，采用烧结法制备出了低膨胀微晶玻璃材料。运用XRD分析了材料的晶相种类，测定了材料的热膨胀系数、密度、抗折强度等性能，分析讨论了石英玻璃粉对材料性能的影响结果表明，石英玻璃粉含量增大，材料的热膨胀系数值减小。密度值增大，抗折强度值降低，析出主晶相为β-锂辉石固溶体。     

Na2O-Bi2O3-B2O3体系玻璃的形成和结构研究

采用熔融急冷法制备Na2 O -Bi2 O3-B2 O3体系玻璃。X射线粉末衍射表明该体系的成玻性能较好 ,成玻范围较宽 ;密度、粉末透红外光谱和TSDC研究表明 ,玻璃中的硼元素具有“硼反常”现象 ,铋元素有〔BiO3〕和〔BiO6 〕两种微结构 ,玻璃中的碱金属离子以及硼元素和铋元素的微结构在外场作用下定向排列 ,表现出明显的SHG效应。     

Y2O3对高分子网络凝胶法制备Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃性能的影响

以丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、碳酸锂、硝酸铝和正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用高分子网络凝胶法成功地制备出多组分氧化物Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃超微粉末,并掺杂了稀土氧化物Y2O3.将粉体压制烧结得到微晶玻璃块体.用IR,XRD,SEM等测试手段研究了掺杂对微晶玻璃组织与性能的影响,测定了微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数.实验表明:Y2O3使微晶玻璃的相变温度降低到900℃;掺杂后微晶玻璃的粒径减小;高分子网络凝胶法制备的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃热膨胀系数达到10-7数量级,掺Y2O3使Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数提高.     

冷藏运输用Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体蓄冷相变时间分析

利用恒温浴槽分别对质量分数为5%,Al2O3粒径分别为10,20,50,100,500 nm和粒径为10 nm,质量分数分别为5%,10%,12%,15%,20%的两组Al2O3-H2O纳米流体进行冻结,分析了纳米流体和去离子水在冻结过程中的温度变化,讨论了Al2O3粒径和浓度对冻结过程的影响。结果表明,在去离子水基液中加入Al2O3纳米颗粒,减少了凝固相变时间,且当质量分数为5%时,相变时间随粒径增大而增加,粒径为10 nm时,相变时间最短;当粒径为10 nm,质量分数小于10%或大于12%时,相变时间均随质量分数的增大而增加,但质量分数为12%时,相变时间最短。相对于冰作为蓄冷材料,纳米蓄冷材料可节省蓄冷时间,有效提高能源利用效率。     

Phase Composition and Fluorescent Characteristic of Nd3 +, Yb3 + ∶ Y2O3 Polycrystalline Materials Prepared by Citrate Gel Combustion Method

本文采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法合成了性能优良的Nd3+,yb3∶Y2 O3多晶原料.XRD、IR和SEM测试结果表明样品在900℃煅烧可获得纯相的Nd3+,yb3∶Y2O3,平均粒径约为40nm;TG-DTA测试结果表明样品在30～600℃之间失重约为49.28％;从荧光光谱上可以看出两个主要发射峰位于970～1100 nm之间,最强发射峰位于1030nm,对应yb3的2F5/2→2F7/2能级跃迁.     

La2 O3对SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃结构与性能的影响

采用高温熔融法制备了SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃,研究添加La2 O3对SiO2-Al2 O3-CaO-MgO系统玻璃密度、耐碱性、弹性模量以及析晶上限温度的影响,并借助红外光谱对玻璃的结构进行研究。结果表明：随着La2 O3含量从0升高至5wt%,玻璃的网络结构发生改变;玻璃的密度和摩尔体积均增大;玻璃的耐碱性能降低;弹性模量从90.5 GPa增加至93.6 GPa后降低,最大值对应的La2 O3含量为3wt%;析晶上限温度从1224℃降低至1209℃后增加至1212℃,最后趋于不变,在La2 O3添加含量为2wt%时达到最低温度。     

液相沉淀Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2系玻璃粉体的性能表征

选取几种分别含有Al3+,SiO32-,P3O105-,Ca2+,F-的无机盐作为初始反应物,采用液相沉淀法合成了Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2系纳米玻璃态粉体,在400～900℃温度范围内对粉体进行热处理,借助TEM,EDAX,XRD,IR,DSC等分析手段表征了粉体的形貌、化学组成、结晶状态、玻璃结构及析晶特性.结果表明,该液相沉淀粉体由含有Al,Si,Ca,P,O,F元素的中空近球状纳米粒子组成,粒径约在30～70 nm范围内,呈典型的非晶态特性.当热处理温度达到600℃时,晶相CaF2优先析出,随温度的升高,Al2SiO5,Ca2SiO4,Ca3(PO4)2等晶相相继析出.其主体结构为[SiO4],[AlO4],[PO4]四面体以共用角顶氧原子的相连形式而构成空间网络结构.     

B2O3含量对SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO体系玻璃的性能和微观结构的影响

针对B2O3含量的变化对SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO体系玻璃的介电性能、失透温度和微观结构的影响进行研究分析.研究发现:随着B2O3含量的提高,玻璃的介电常数和介电损耗逐步下降,玻璃的失透温度范围变的更大.而且,B2O3含量升高后玻璃更易于失透,导致玻璃失透的主要原因是玻璃分相;FTIR光谱分析显示,随着B2O3含量的升高,B2O3在玻璃中存在的结构发生了转变,[BO3]逐步向[BO4]进行转变.     

Cr2O3含量对复合封接玻璃的性能影响

采用熔融冷却工艺添加Cr2O3到SB-331封接玻璃粉中制成了复合封接玻璃材料.利用XRD、DSC、润湿角测定仪、氦质谱检漏仪和高阻计等测试手段,研究了Cr2O3填料的含量对复合封接材料物相结构、热性能和封接性能的影响.结果表明:添加Cr2O3能够改变基础玻璃SB-331的非晶态结构,增强析晶倾向并提高热稳定性能,有效改善封接玻璃对铁合金的润湿性能和封接性能.Cr2O3的最佳加入量为25％,耐压性达到120 MPa以上.     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.