Urban freight transport policies in Rome: lessons learned and the road ahead

Given that few studies have investigated the effects of implementing city logistics measures, this paper focuses on actions implemented in the inner area of Rome in the last 10 years in order to improve both livability and freight distribution, providing insights into the effectiveness of such measures. The analysis covers the famous inner area of the city where the main tourist monuments are located and includes several pedestrianized shopping streets. Evaluation is based on data collected in 1999 and 2008 consisting of traffic counts and interviews with retailers and truck drivers. The implemented measures provided effective in abating through-traffic, in reducing the share of transport on own-account and in increasing the use of less polluting vehicles. Further, the increase in the number of stops per tour, in the average quantity delivered and hence in the average loading factor was revealed. Although all these changes improved the freight transport within the city, some critical issues remain and further measures have to be implemented.     

城市地下物流的货物种类及需求预测方法研究

地下物流系统是通过自动运输技术与地下隧道或管道相结合,利用地下空间进行货物运输的新模式.在城市地下物流系统规划中,明确系统服务的货物品类,预测地下物流货运需求量十分重要,然而目前新模式下的运输单元、货物品类、货运量等尚不明确.本文首先是分析适应城市地下物流系统的运输制式,再根据运输制式与其他运输方式的接驳,制定城市地下...     

"精明增长"策略与我国的城市空间扩展

在较为系统地阐述目前国外广泛研究的"城市蔓延"("Urban Sprawl")和与之相对的城市"精明增长"("Smart Growth"Policy)的基础上,提出目前我国城市空间增长具有"城市蔓延"趋势这一基本判断,呼吁借鉴国外应对"城市蔓延"所采用的"精明增长"战略,为制定更为科学合理的城市规划进行理念更新.     

Towards Post-Anthropocentric Cities: Reconceptualizing Smart Cities to Evade Urban Ecocide

ABSTRACT

This short piece acts as a coda to this journal’s special issue on “Smart Cities and Innovative Technologies.” First, it provides a retrospective view of the origins of the smart city concept. The paper, secondly, presents the most recent perspectives on the new interpretations of the smart city notion. It then provides a commentary on the potential directions for a better reconceptualization of smart cities to evade a most likely urban ecocide. Lastly, the short communication concludes by asking two critical questions: (a) Will urban scholars, planners, designers, and activists be able to convince urban policymakers and the general public of the need for a post-anthropocentric urban turnaround? (b) How do the public, private, and academic sectors along with communities pave the way for post-anthropocentric cities and more-than-human futures?     

美国的“精明增长”发展计划

介绍了精明增长概念提出的背景及美国“精明增长”发展计划的主要内容和基本实践,并探讨了其意义及影响。     

Incorporating a Systemic and Foresight Approach into Smart City Initiatives: The Case of Spanish Cities

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, cities face serious societal, economic, environmental, and governance challenges. Under the term “Smart City,” numerous technology-based initiatives are emerging to help cities face contemporary challenges while the concept itself is evolving towards a more holistic approach. Nevertheless, the capability of smart initiatives to provide an integrated vision of our cities is still very limited. Eventually, many of these initiatives do not fulfill satisfactorily their initial objectives because they fail to understand the complexity, diversity, and uncertainty that characterize contemporary cities. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to display an urban functional system, capable of interpreting the city in a more holistic way, and to incorporate foresight tools so as to formulate Smart City visions in a more participatory way with the involvement of local stakeholders.     

浅谈城市美化运动

介绍了城市美化运动的根源及其表现特征 ,分析了城市美化运动在中国产生的几方面因素 ,从景观大道、城市广场等四方面 ,提出了中国城市美化运动的表现及其误区。     

智慧城市始于智慧设计

在智慧城市设计的各个领域中,科技最受关注,而空间设计最不受关注。但从城市建设的角度来看,现实应该正好相反。成功的智慧城市首先需要从根本上保持大城市始终具有的基本特质,它们必须是可以反复记录人类生活复杂性和多样性的载体。当前城市中的智能化数字网络必不可少,也应该加以整合,但我们更应该重点关注卓越的实际城市场所营造。目前,多伦多可能是全球最受瞩目的智慧城市创意试验场,基于此,主要详细介绍Sasaki事务所在多伦多大都市区设计的2个案例研究。     

谈精明增长视角下城市边缘区问题的规划应对

边缘区收益与相邻地域单元环境资源的相互补充与组合,地缘生境优势突出。而城市边缘区处于城市与农村的相互作用之中,而其规划却往往缺乏受到应有的重视。本文通过在精明增长视角下对城市边缘区问题的探讨,浅谈城市规划在边缘区规划中的问题、难点与内容。     

城市发展与智慧城市

在国家新型城镇化背景下,智慧城市的建设符合城市发展趋势,体现了经济发展、社会公正和环境优美的城市发展准则。从城市规划、建设、管理和运行四个环节,智慧城市促进城市科学发展。自2012年底,住房和城乡建设部以“智慧地推进新型城镇化建设”为目标启动了国家智慧城市试点工作,并以城市自主和上下协同两条主线推进智慧城市试点建设。经过近两年的实践,试点工作形成了一城一策智慧发展、人为核心质量关键、产城相融互促共进、体制创新机制融合、多元筹资优配资源五大特色。     

基于智慧城市的地下空间安全管理研究

从城市地下空间安全管理问题和需求出发,构建了基于智慧城市的地下空间安全管理模型,体现为透彻感知、深度互联和智能应用的特点。结合中关村大型公共地下空间智能安全管理系统建设实例,对物联化、互联化和智能化技术路径及其工程实现进行了分析。基于智慧城市的地下空间安全管理系统是一个复杂的自感知、自调节的闭环系统,通过采用先进的网络通信、物联网、可视化、仿真模拟等技术,可以对庞杂的安全信息进行综合动态管理,提高数据实时采集、关联处理和智能分析能力,从而使复杂的城市地下空间透明化,真正实现安全闭合管理和智能决策。     

智慧城市背景下的智慧规划思考与实践

描述了智慧规划的建设现状,分析了产生其差异性的缘由,提出了打造智慧规划、助推智慧城市、开启城乡规划管理新范式的新目标,并针对性地阐述了开展智慧规划顶层设计的新定位、新平台和新机遇,以及践行智慧规划行动的新变革、新标准、新技术、新渠道和新评估.     

浅议我国智慧城市建设与发展问题

为了满足城市化发展需要和应对各种城市发展问题,国内外很多城市开展了智慧城市建设。就此研究我国智慧城市建设与发展的总体情况。介绍智慧城市的内涵和发展,分析我国智慧城市建设的基础、必要性、建设进程和建设中遇到的问题,并提出我国智慧城市未来研究和发展的理论体系、建设标准、发展路径思路。     

中国城市化理性发展之路

在研究我国城市化问题的基础上，强调我国农村城市化必须以提高城乡居民生活质量为基本目标，以为城乡居民提供多种选择机会为基本条件，按照理性发展原则，推动农村城市化过程。     

互联、灵活且意义非凡：设计智慧城市的正确方式

未来城市基金会(Future City Foundation)和26个合作伙伴致力于研究如何设计智慧城市。该组织网络假定城市设计及其产物正在发生根本性的变化,就像其他行业一样;并试图了解智慧城市的运行机理、未来机遇及风险。研究结果如《智慧城市,我们要这样做—互联、灵活且有意义:打造真正的未来城市》一书所示,重点关注智慧城市设计的4个设计原则:追求一个可持续发展和民主的城市;在其中以智能网络的方式进行设计;设计具有灵活性;进行有意义的设计。     

City approaches to smart city evaluation and reporting: case studies in the United Kingdom

Smart technologies create opportunities for urban development and regeneration, leading to a proliferation of projects/programmes designed to address city strategies around environmental, economic and social challenges. Whilst there is considerable critical debate on the merits of smart city developments, there has been surprisingly little research on the evaluation of smart interventions, and the outcomes of embedded smart technologies for cities and citizens. This examines case-study research undertaken in Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Milton Keynes and Peterborough, on city approaches to smart city evaluation and reporting. Findings exemplify contemporary city evaluation and reporting practices, challenges and recommendations to support smart urban development.     

美国"精明增长"的策略、案例及在中国应用的思考

要将美国“精明增长”应用到中国就必须考虑中国特有的工业化、城市化背景。本文介绍了“精明增长”的有关策略及在美国较为成功的案例,提出在中国应用“精明增长”的一些思考。     

人本导向的智慧社区的概念、模式与架构

在智慧城市的实践中,由于社区所具有的相对适中的空间尺度,及其在城市生活和社会管理中的重要作用,智慧社区已成为当前推进智慧城市试点及应用的热点领域,也是未来城市社区发展和建设的重要方向。近年来,智慧社区实践在全国各城市由政府或企业主导开展,取得了一定的成效,但存在政府主导作用较强、以技术和系统为核心、对社区规划和社区交往考虑不足等问题。本研究倡导构建人本导向的智慧社区,以综合居民个体数据的数据中心为基础,涵盖智慧化规划、信息化管理、个性化服务、社会交往几方面应用,强调政府、相关产业与居民的互联与协作,聚焦居民的日常生活,通过创新的手段提高居民的生活质量。     

精明增长理论对我国土地集约利用的启示

精明增长概念的提出是城市发展观念上的变革,介绍了精明增长产生的背景及内涵,并从“城市增长边界”理论、“TOD”模式等方面分析了精明增长对我国集约用地的启示。     

Smarter than Smart: Rio de Janeiro's Flawed Emergence as a Smart City

“Smart cities” grew out of the realization that North American models of suburban development and central business district decline needed to be challenged with new paradigms. This movement began in the 1990s with ideas centered on smart growth and new urbanism. While initially restricted to small, wealthy cities, the ideas that emerged during this period combined with a vertiginous growth in information technologies to create software-driven urban managerial tools for major cities. The increasing “technologization” of urban systems that automatically replicate spatial dynamics has been on the agenda of urban scholars for some time. However, the relatively new paradigms of “whole system” implementation in large urban centers has not been the subject of robust critical engagement. The aim of this paper is to examine critically the implementation and functioning of two “smart cities” systems in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as part of the city's broader preparations for hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games.