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1.
基于韧性城市理论的灾害防治研究回顾与展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
韧性城市提供了一种新的思路和理论体系来解决稳定发展需求和城市内外部干扰不可预测性之间的矛盾,并在城市灾害防治领域展开了一系列理论研究和实践应用.对韧性概念起源和理论发展进行了梳理,比较和辨析了城市韧性和灾害韧性的概念和研究边界,概括了当前灾害韧性研究进展和研究热点,详细介绍了适应性循环的扰沌模型和韧性城市规划基本范式,依据已有研究总结出韧性城市规划范式的基本研究策略.基于文献综述对韧性评价的研究进展进行评述,并对比分析了当前广泛应用的两个评价体系,总结了其优缺点.从区域、城市和社区三个层级系统分析了韧性城市理论在区域与城市规划及防灾领域中的应用,依据对已有研究综合分析,探讨了城市灾害韧性研究的三个发展趋势.  相似文献   

2.
以干热地区城市设计为例,从宏观、中观和微观3个层面进行研究,并在此基础上总结出适应干热气候条件的城市设计生态策略和方法.  相似文献   

3.
对传统抗震设防目标和"可恢复功能"的抗震设计理念进行了介绍,采用新编国家标准《建筑抗震韧性评价标准》中的评价方法,对一栋新建小学教学楼进行了抗震韧性评价分析,对其修复费用、修复时间和人员损失进行了评估,以确定其抗震韧性等级.结果表明,抗震韧性评价可以对建筑物抗震性能进行量化分析,提供更易理解且更有价值的性能指标;同时,...  相似文献   

4.
    
Developing resilience in built human environments is a complex undertaking. It requires decision support tools that can convey complexities in meaningful and understandable ways. Building smart cities and generating big data, however, is not enough. In order to improve decision-making and ultimately inform resilient communities we need to be able to translate big data at scales and in ways that are useful and approachable. In this paper we argue that creating more resilient communities calls for planning support systems (PSSs) that go beyond the ones we have today. We call for PSSs that possess a greater degree of sentience—that (a) possess a greater awareness of application context and user needs; (b) are capable of iterative learning; (c) are capable of spatial and temporal reasoning; (d) understand rules; and (e) are accessible and interactive. We consider the questions: How might intelligent or sentient information delivery systems allow for more strategic, context-aware, resilient, and ultimately sustainable communities? What primary design considerations would make such a system possible and useful given that, as of yet, no technology exists that is fully “sentient?”  相似文献   

5.
以解构增长主义主导下的城市空间增长现实境况为研究背景,针对当前城市空间增长的设定路径在应对生态服务功能的确定性和偶然扰动的不确定性方面所扮演的双重“被动防御”角色,通过韧性与绿色基础设施的概念结合,重构基于绿色基础设施设定城市空间增长的韧性进程:将绿色基础设施视作城市空间增长刚性约束的绝对前提;在此基础上,根据城市空间增长同生态服务功能的适应状况,提供多种弹性引导的空间选择而非限制选择,以此实现“刚性约束同弹性引导的共轭协同”这一空间管控的核心目标,并促使已有设定路径由“被动防御”向“主动反制”的角色转变.基于上述理论框架,组合绿色基础设施评价与最小累积阻力建构GIA-MCR城市空间增长模型,诠释“刚性约束同弹性引导的共轭协同”在技术方法层面的具体落实.杭州的应用研究表明:由该模型设定的城市空间增长能够精准避开中高生态服务功能区域、有序引导城市开发在适宜空间范围内展开;该模型可辅助城市开发边界等空间管控的规划决策支持并配套相应政策工具,以此建立以“空间一张图”为核心的城市空间增长实施管理体系.  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT

Initiatives to operationalize the concept of resilience in the building industry are rapidly emerging. The concept of resilience has introduced a way to explore solutions to some important problems in the building industry. However, much of the work that has taken place to date represents activities generally assigned to risk management, which is discussed as being inherently insufficient for sustaining the functions of the built environment under stresses. This commentary considers the opportunities and limitations for mainstreaming resilience into building industry processes and actors. Barriers include indeterminate analytical meaning, event and performance uncertainty, immature regulatory standards setting, and untested enterprise economics. Further, the multiple outcomes of recovery and the relationship between building recovery and adaptation are discussed and, along with economics of resilience investments, a research need highlighted. A simple heuristic is presented to illustrate the complement of resilience to risk management and advance the integration of resilience into existing industry workflows.  相似文献   

7.
阮建立 《山西建筑》2007,33(7):91-93
综述了目前各种构件的试验研究成果,并对钢筋混凝土构件、钢结构构件、结合型钢普通混凝土构件的恢复力特性曲线的试验研究进行了对比论述,并针对型钢高强高性能混凝土构件的恢复力特性曲线的研究指出了其急待解决的问题,从而为结构构件及其组合结构进行非线性地震反应分析提供了基础。  相似文献   

8.
    
The paper positions adaptable systems as a core concept in resilience. Through a control systems theory framework, it is shown how closed loop control selection leads to system recovery or the return to desired system states following changes in the external environment. The concepts advanced are illustrated on project performance, where system controls are adjusted in response to impacting events, in order to recover the project. The value of having adaptability and flexibility is demonstrated through economic arguments, exampled on a piece of infrastructure subjected to a changing climate.  相似文献   

9.
通过对两个大型公共建筑方案设计出发点的介绍,论述了城市意识在当代建筑创作活动中的重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

This paper reviews the operation of the NSW Urban Development Programme, which co-ordinates the planning, servicing and development of new residential areas in the major urban regions of NSW.  相似文献   

11.
基于公共安全的城市设计——安全城市设计刍议   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
面对当今城镇建筑环境建设所面临的公共安全问题,文章从现代城市设计的视角,阐明开展基于公共安全的城市设计研究的必要性,提出安全城市设计的概念,并尝试探讨其基本内涵和内容构成,初步建立安全城市设计的研究框架。  相似文献   

12.
肖萍 《福建建材》2010,(4):118-119,124
工程量清单计价是我国现行大力推广的的工程计价模式,本文讨论了工程量清单计价在实践中出现的问题,分析了其存在的原因及解决的方法,提出了今后工程量清单计价改革的一些建议措施。  相似文献   

13.
基于韧性特征的城市社区规划与设计框架   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
申佳可  王云才 《风景园林》2017,24(3):98-106
韧性是生态系统的特征之一,但随着人类干预程度的不断加深,人工系统的刚性化越来越强,而生态系统的韧性特征逐渐下降,生态系统的服务功能降低。因此,韧性成为学界和业界广泛讨论和关注的话题。但繁多的概念和抽象的解释仍然无法告诉我们:韧性的本质是什么?可以通过哪些途径在生态规划与设计中进行韧性实践?如何架起不同尺度层面上全面韧性与特定韧性之间的桥梁?本文借助于生态实践智慧的启发,通过韧性概念的变化和成功生态规划设计实践案例的研究,提出生态系统的可变性是系统韧性的根本特征这一观点;并以城市社区为重点,构建以调控系统可变性为核心的城市社区韧性规划与设计框架,共包含两个途径:一是借助规划设计,使社区系统在结构与功能层面尽可能适应环境条件;二是通过组织管控,使社区系统在运行层面尽可能迎合各种环境条件的变化。  相似文献   

14.
中国城镇空间景观文化失谐现象的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王中德  杨玲 《中国园林》2010,26(2):24-26
当下迅猛的城镇化进程改变了我们的城镇空间景观,也促使着传统文化的转型与发展。但多方面原因造成这个进程中的文化转型并不能完全与城镇空间景观的建设、发展合拍,由此造成二者之间的错位使得我们在获得了愈来愈多高品质物质空间的同时,城镇空间景观文化失谐现象渐显。从文化的视角分析中国城镇空间景观发展历史,剖析当代城镇空间景观文化失谐产生的原因,进而提出以适应性理念促进城镇空间景观与文化的和谐发展对于当今的城镇空间景观建设具有重要现实意义。  相似文献   

15.
Economic crisis and regional resilience: Evidence from Greece   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
Shift‐share and input‐output models are combined to explore the resilience of Greek regions to economic crisis. Model results indicate that rural regions are more resistant to recessionary shocks than urban regions. The analysis of the space‐specific ability of sectors to withstand economic shocks portrayed the resilience of agriculture, while food industry, although its impact overtime declined, managed to increase its employment in seven out of thirteen regions. The tourism sector contracted but showed more resilience in the island regions than in the continental regions. The spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the recessionary shocks re‐emphasizes the need for targeted and differentiated regional development policies.  相似文献   

16.
运用综合评价法、障碍度模型等方法揭示近10年长江中游城市群城市韧性的时空演变格局与阻碍该地区城市韧性提升的障碍因子。结果表明:长江中游城市群城市韧性呈现出显著的区域不平衡不协调现象,主要表现为中部高四周低的空间分布格局,其中环长株潭城市群一直处于较高水平,而武汉城市圈则最低;城市群城市韧性的总体差异在逐渐扩大,且主要表现为区域内各地市的差异;从整体上看,城市群城市韧性各阶段的变化较为显著,经历了"中高水平集聚""中低水平分散",最后演变为"中等水平聚集";阻碍长江中游城市群城市韧性提升的障碍因子由经济-基础设施方面逐渐过渡到了基础设施-社会-生态方面。  相似文献   

17.
基于复杂系统理论的城市集群研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
城市集群演变体现了复杂系统自组织的机理和功能,它为观察城市集群发展提供了历史与未来的视角,可以更深刻认识城市集群的出现、成长壮大、成熟以及衰退的机制和规律。同时它为都市圈城市分工、管制、产业政策以及环境保护等问题提供了一个新的分析框架。本文在建立复杂系统理论对城市集群现象分析路径的基础上,运用这一理论框架探讨了长三角城市集群的成长周期中环境设计、正反馈机制、边界约束和不确定性趋势的影响。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Assessment of resilience for engineered systems has drawn ample attention from the engineering community in recent years. It has resulted in a significantly large body of literature focusing on pertinent areas of resilience. This article provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature addressing resilience assessment of bridges and bridge networks under single hazard and multihazard conditions. Though not much work been performed yet on multihazard resilience of bridges, relevant aspects including combinations of multiple hazards for bridge performance evaluation, methods for loss assessment and approaches taken for post-event recovery are discussed. Furthermore, maintenance is a key component if resilience is assessed in a life-cycle framework. Hence, available maintenance plans and strategies and their probable applications for bridges and bridge networks are discussed. The article concludes with a discussion on the need for further research in the focus area and challenges involved with the same.  相似文献   

19.
宋乐明 《山西建筑》2014,(34):57-58
阐述了现行规范中几种常见的钻芯修正回弹方法,并结合工程实例,对整体修正量、对应样本修正量、对应样本修正系数及一一对应修正系数进行了分析计算,指出使用回弹钻芯法既提高了检测数据的可信度,又弥补了单一方法的不足。  相似文献   

20.
Excel在土方工程量计算中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对土方工程量计算的复杂性,提出了使用Excel计算工程量的方法,结合实际工作经验,从编号、公式编辑、汇总计算等方面详细论述了如何将Excel用于土方工程量计算,通过对具体计算方法步骤的研究,从而得到需要的计算结果。  相似文献   

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