Chemical Examination of the Seed Fat of Solanum Ferox L.

From the seeds of Solanum ferox L., a yellow coloured oil has been obtained in 2.7% yield. The fatty acid composition of this oil has been determined and found to be palmitic 12.15%, stearic 9.96%, oleic 39.83% and linoleic acid 38.06%.     

Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Different Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Cultivars in China

China is an important centre of diversity for Prunus persica. In the present study, 17 Chinese peach cultivars were evaluated for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Neochlorogenic acid (NCHA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), procyanidin B1 (B1), catechin (CAT), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q3GAL), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3GLU), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Q3R), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (K3R) were identified and quantified. CHA and CAT were the predominant components in both the peel and pulp of this fruit. In general, peel extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than the pulp counterparts, consistent with the observed higher phenolic content. The melting peach cultivar “Xinyu” showed the highest antioxidant potency composite (APC) index. The principal component analysis (PCA) of peel phenolics showed a clear distinction between the melting peach and nectarine. Overall, peach cultivars rich in hydroxycinnamates and flavan-3-ols showed relatively higher antioxidant activities and might be excellent sources of phytochemicals and natural antioxidants.     

Evaluation of Antioxidant Compounds and Total Sugar Content in a Nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Progeny

Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruit rich in phenolic compounds is associated with health-protective effects due to their antioxidant properties. For these reasons quality evaluation has become an important issue in fruit industry and in breeding programs. Phytochemical traits such as total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, L-ascorbic acid, sugar content and relative antioxidant capacity (RAC) were analyzed over four years in flesh fruit of an F1 population "Venus" × "Big Top" nectarines. Other traits such as harvesting date, yield, fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and ripening index (RI) were also determined in the progeny. Results showed high variability among genotypes for all analyzed traits. Total phenolics and flavonoids showed significant positive correlations with RAC implying that both are important antioxidant bioactive compounds in peaches. We found genotypes with enhanced antioxidant capacity and a better performance than progenitors, and in consequence the best marketability.     

Chemical Examination of Iberis odorata Seed Oil

Iberis odorata seeds of cruciferae plant family yield 26.0 percent of fatty oil which has an iodine value 107.5. The oil is investigated for its fatty acid composition by reversed phase partition chromatography. The fatty acids in the seed oil constitute 39.6% erucic, 3.5% eicosenoic and 3.2% docosadienoic acids, in addition to the usual oleic (13.6%), linoleic (25.7%) and linolenic acids (3.1%). Saturated acids (C₁₂) to (C₂₂) amount to 11.3% of the component acids.     

Chemical Examination of the Seed Oil of Butea parveflora

A yellow coloured oil has been obtained from the seeds of Butea parveflora in an yield of 16%. This oil contains the glycerides of palmitic, stearic, lignoceric, oleic and linoleic acids. The percentage of these acids has been determined as palmitic 20.89, stearic 15.89, lignoceric 5.55, oleic 40.62 and linoleic 17.05%. The unsaponifiable matter of the oil was found to contain β-sitosterol.     

桃树脂提取物的抗衰老功效研究

皮肤老化由多种因素引起,主要包括年龄导致的自然老化和暴露于环境导致的光老化。大气中的紫外线、雾霾中的多环芳烃均能造成皮肤炎症、细胞活性和功能下降,最终导致皮肤松弛、老化,形成皱纹、斑点。本研究以桃树脂提取物(PG)为研究对象,通过多种方法对其紧致、抗皱的功效进行研究。结果显示,在成纤维细胞衰老模型上,PG在质量分数为0.3%~10%的范围下能剂量依赖性地促进成纤维细胞增殖、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白合成,降低β-半乳糖苷酶的活性。在紫外线(UVA)和雾霾类似物苯并芘(BaP)造成的角质形成细胞衰老模型上,质量分数为0.1%~10%的PG可以抑制细胞因子前列腺素E2和基质金属蛋白酶1表达,恢复细胞活性,并降低β-半乳糖苷酶的活性。在人体临床评价上,质量分数为2%~10%的PG具有显著的即时提升皮肤含水量、降低经皮失水率、提升紧肤感、减少皱纹效果。PG作为一种天然来源的活性原料,可应用于皮肤保湿、紧致、抗皱系列产品中。     

Studies on the Seed Fat Composition of Moringaceae family

The component fatty acids of the seed fats of Moringa pterygosperma and Moringa concanensis have been investigated by using the techniques of urea-adduct segregation and quantitative paper chromatography. The present analysis indicates the percentage composition of the mixed fatty acids to be: palmitic 3.1, 11.7; stearic 8.0, 3.8; arachidic 7.8, 2.4; behenic 3.5, 4.1; lignoceric 5.8, 0.6; oleic 71.0, 75.5 and linoleic 0.8, 0.9% respectively.     

浅谈金相检验在化工容器检验中的应用

综述了金相检验及其特点。结合生产实践，阐述了金相检验在材质劣化的化工容器和有晶间腐蚀倾向的奥氏体不锈钢容器检验中的应用。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of Prunus persica leaves and utilization possibilities as a source of phenolic compounds

Mediterranean countries contribute highly on world peach production and tonnes of waste leaves are released due to pruning. The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization possibilities of the leaves by supercritical fluid extraction. A statistical design was used to evaluate the effect of temperature (40–80 °C), pressure (150–300 bar) and concentration of ethanol as co-solvent (6–20%) at a flow rate of 15 g/min and for a duration of 60 min. The most effective variables were found as pressure and co-solvent ratio (p < 0.005). Optimum extraction conditions were elicited as 60 °C, 150 bar and 6% co-solvent yielding a total phenol content of 79.92 mg GAE/g extract, EC₅₀ value of 232.20 μg/ml and a radical scavenging activity of 53.25% which was higher than the value obtained by conventional solvent extraction method (32.23%). Consequently, Prunus persica L. leaves were found as a potential phenolic source for industrial applications.     

Minor Seed Oils XIX: Examination of Convolvulaceae Seed Oils

Six seed oils from convovulaceae family have been examined. Nounusual acids have been detected in the oils. The fatty acid pattern in all the seed oils is as follows: palmitic (6.6 to 10.0), stearic (12.0 to 19.6), oleic (21.6 to 30.0), linoleic (27.8 to 41.3), linolenic (6.0 to 9.2), arachidic (3.3 to 6.4), and behenic (2.8 to 4.3). Lower fatty acids have not been found in any of the seed oils.     

Minor Seed Oils XVIII: Examination of Twelve Seed Oils

Twelve seed oils from ten plant families have been examined. Except three the seed oils are reported to be medicinal. Oleic acid is the major component in the seed oils from Celosia pyramidalis, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Gomphrena globosa, Isotoma longiflora, Jasminum officinale Var. grandiflorum and Sida humilis. The remaining six seed oils contain linoleic acid as the major component. All the samples contain arachidic and behenic acids. The oil sample from Sida humilis contains lauric acid. Linolenic acid is found in five samples and myristic in seven samples.     

Minor Seed Oils XVI: Examination of Fifteen Seed Oils

Fifteen seed oils from nine plant families have been examined. Oleic acid is the major component in all the oil samples, maximum being in Amaranthus tricolor (91.0%), except in the seed oil of Physalis maxima. All the samples contain arachidic and behenic acids. The oil samples from Ipomoea species and from Physalis maxima contain the lower fatty acids (caprylic and capric). Linolenic acid is found in eleven samples and lauric acid in all the seed oils except the seed oil of Celosia cristata.     

A Note on the Cyano Compound of Schleichera trijuga Seed Fat

The cyano compound of kusum oil was earlier shown to be cyanoglyceride. Based on chromatographic evidences, infrared analysis and chemical investigations, a structure has now been suggested for the cyanoglyceride and a mechanistic scheme postulated that rationalizes the observations made from the above investigations.     

Solvent Crystallization of the Fat and Fatty Acids of Schleichera trijuga Seed

The crystallizations of the kusum oil and the mixed fatty acids thereof were studied from several solvents at various temperatures (+10° C to ?60° C). The results indicate in general that in the range of temperatures studied, petroleum ether as a single solvent is comparable in efficiency to methanol and superior to both acetone and ethanol in respect of separation of the saturated and unsaturated components of the fatty acid mixture. The saturated and unsaturated fractions of the oil also are better separated by petroleum ether than acetone. Further, oleic acid essentially free from linoleic acid is obtainable by a preliminary crystallization of the fatty acid mixture from petroleum ether at ca. ?12° C, followed by two additional crystallizations from acetone at ca. ?55° C.     

An Investigation on the Seed Fat of Litsea consimilis as a Lubricant

The seed oil of Litsea consimilis was tested for its lubricating properties and found that this oil can be used profitably as a lubricant in light machines only where high temperatures are not developed during operation.     

Chemical Investigations of the Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil

Two lipid fractions ‘A’ and ‘B’ were isolated from Sapindus mukorossi seed oil by preparative TLC. Fraction ‘A’ (70.4%, R_f value 0.76) is a normal triglyceride and its fatty acid compositions was determined by GLC. Fraction ‘B’ (29.6%, R_f value 0.51) shows the presence of nitrogenous constituents. It develops a reddish brown colour in contact with alkali or alkoxide solution. Percentages of individual acids present in fraction ‘A’ were found to be: palmitic, 5.5; stearic, 3.2; oleic, 64.6; linoleic, 2.9; arachidic, 3.1; eicosenoic, 20.1; minor acids, 0.6. Fraction ‘A’ is composed of 0.1,3.6,29.9 and 66.4 percent trisaturated, monounsaturated-disaturated, diunsaturated-monosaturated and triunsaturated glycerides respectively. On GLC analysis, the percentages of individual acids constituting fraction ‘B’ were found to be:palmitic, 3.8; stearic, 1.5; oleic, 33.6; linoleic, 2.9; arachidic, 11.1; eicosenoic, 30.2; behenic, 2.8; docosenoic, 1.4 and two unidentified acids 7.3 and 5.4. Fraction ‘B’ responded to hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase and the product with polarity equivalent to that of 2-mono-glyceride was isolated by TLC and converted to methyl ester. Percentages of individual acids constituting that methyl esters were found to be:palmitic, 11.8; stearic, 4.1; oleic, 12.8; linoleic, 3.7; arachidic, 8.3; eicosenoic, 10.2; behenic, 6.5; docosenoic, 4.2; and two unidentified acids 22.2 and 16.2. This non-glyceridic component of the S. mukorossi seed oil is a cyanolipid, 1-cyano-2-hydroxymethyl prop-1-ene-3-ol. The structure was confirmed by I. R., N.M.R. and Mass spectral-analysis.     

Chemical Examination of Schleichera trijuga Seeds

The chemical composition of Schleichera trijuga seeds has been investigated by column chromatographic, ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometrie methods.     

Seed Oil Characteristics of Onopordum tauricum Willd. and Prunus laurocerasus L

The characteristics of fatty oils recovered from seeds of Onopordum tauricum Willd. and Prunus laurocerasus L. have been investigated. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that linoleic and oleic acids are predominant component fatty acids of Onopordum tauricum and Prunus laurocerasus seed oils, respectively. In view of technological evaluation, Onopordum tauricum seed oil can be regarded as a semidrying oil while the other shows characteristics of a nondrying oil.