基于边界混合重采样的非平衡数据分类方法

在非平衡数据分类问题中,为了合成有价值的新样本和删除无影响的原样本,提出一种基于边界混合重采样的非平衡数据分类算法。该算法首先引入支持k-离群度概念,找出数据集中的边界点集和非边界点集;利用改进的SMOTE算法将少数类中的边界点作为目标样本合成新的点集,同时对多数类中的非边界点采用基于距离的欠采样算法,以此达到类之间的平衡。通过实验结果对比表明了该算法在保证G-mean值较优的前提下,一定程度上提高了少数类的分类精度。     

工业过程数据异常检测的改进局部离群因子法

局部离群因子(LOF)是对过程数据的局部离群程度的定义,然而工业过程对数据异常检测的实时性要求高,要求出所有采样点的离群因子计算量较大。故本文对LOF算法进行相应的改进,采用k-近邻计算对象的局部可达密度,同时利用1种预处理采样点的方法CDC(Closest Distance to Center),通过计算每个点到中心点的距离先对采样点进行修剪,剔除大部分不可能是离群点的采样点,只需要计算剩余点改进的LOF值,从而提高离群点检测的效率。最终通过对TE过程数据仿真,说明在保证离群点检测准确性的情况下,相比于LOF缩短了算法运行的时间。     

基于密度的离群噪声点检测

针对三维扫描仪获取的带噪声和离群点的点云数据,提出了基于局部离群点概念的去噪算法。通过k-近邻(KNN)搜索建立散乱点之间的拓扑关系,进而计算当前测点的局部离群因子以衡量该点的离群程度,从而限制噪声并剔除离群点。重点解决了高密度扫描点云周围分布的低密度离群噪声点的识别问题。实验结果证明,该算法能有效检测出紧挨模型边界的噪声点,并最大限度地保持模型边界。     

基于变异系数的边界点检测算法

为有效检测聚类的边界点,提出基于变异系数的边界点检测算法.首先计算出数据对象到它的k-距离邻居距离之和的平均值.然后用平均值的倒数作为每个点的密度,通过变异系数刻画数据对象密度分布特征寻找边界点.实验结果表明,该算法可在含有任意形状、不同大小和不同密度的数据集上快速有效检测出聚类的边界点,并可消除噪声.     

基于局部估计密度的局部离群点检测算法

局部离群点检测是近年来数据挖掘领域的热点问题之一.针对交通数据去噪问题,提出一种基于局部估计密度的局部离群点检测算法,算法使用核密度估计方法计算每个数据对象的密度估计值,来表示该数据对象的局部估计密度,并在核函数的带宽函数计算中引入数据对象的k-邻域平均距离作为其邻域信息,然后利用求出的局部估计密度计算数据对象的局部离群因子,依据局部离群因子的大小来判断数据对象是否为离群点.实验表明,该算法在UCI标准数据集与模拟数据集上都可以取得较好的表现.     

基于共享近邻和优化关联策略的边界剥离聚类

边界剥离聚类算法(BP)是一种基于密度的聚类算法,它通过逐渐剥离边界点来揭示聚类的潜在核心,已经被证明是一种十分有效的聚类手段.然而, BP算法仍存在一些不足之处:一方面,数据点的局部密度仅考虑了距离特征,使得边界点的确定不够合理;另一方面, BP算法中的关联策略容易误判异常值,并且在分配边界点时容易产生连带错误.为此,本文提出了一种基于共享近邻和优化关联策略的边界剥离聚类算法(SOBP).该算法使用了基于共享近邻的局部密度函数来更好地探索数据点之间的相似性,同时优化了BP算法中的关联策略,使得每次迭代中边界点不再仅与一个非边界点进行关联,并进一步采用了边界点与非边界点、已剥离边界点之间的双重关联准则.在一些数据集上的测试表明,相较于其他6种经典算法,该算法在评估指标上表现更佳.     

基于共享反K近邻的局部离群点检测算法

离群点检测和分析离群模式隐含的特征是离群点挖掘的重要研究内容.现有离群点检测算法存在两个明显的不足:根据离群度检测离群点,难以确定离群点的数量;忽略了与离群点邻接的聚类信息,不能提供解析离群模式的有效证据.为此,提出一种基于共享反K近邻的离群点检测算法,首先定义了一种对密度和维数变化不敏感的共享反K近邻相似度,然后应用聚类方法将数据集划分为聚类簇和包含离群点的离群簇,从而获取数据集中的离群点及解析离群点的聚类结构.仿真结果表明,反K近邻算法比现有方法更能精确地检测数据集中的局部离群点,具有很好的控制性能.     

基于相对密度和流形上k近邻的聚类算法

针对传统的基于欧氏距离的相似性度量不能完全反映复杂结构的数据分布特性的问题,提出了一种基于相对密度和流形上k近邻的聚类算法。基于能描述全局一致性信息的流形距离,及可体现局部相似性和紧密度的k近邻概念,通过流形上k近邻相似度度量数据对象间的相似性,采用k近邻的相对紧密度发现不同密度下的类簇,设计近邻点对约束规则搜寻k近邻点对构成的近邻链,归类数据对象及识别离群点。与标准k-means算法、流形距离改进的k-means算法进行了性能比较,在人工数据集和UCI数据集上的仿真实验结果均表明,该算法能有效地处理复杂结构的数据聚类问题,且聚类效果更好。     

基于分化距离的离群点检测算法*

为了满足大规模数据集快速离群点检测的需要,提出了一种基于分化距离的离群点检测算法,该算法综合考虑了数据对象周围的密度及数据对象间的距离等因素对离群点的影响,通过比较每一对象与其他对象的分化距离来计算其周围的友邻点密度,挖掘出数据集中隐含的离群点。实验表明,该算法能有效地识别离群点,同时能反映出数据对象在数据集中的孤立程度。算法的复杂度较低,适用于大规模数据集快速离群点检测。     

基于统计信息的聚类边界模式检测算法

为有效地检测聚类的边界点,提出基于统计信息的边界模式检测算法。根据数据对象的k距离统计信息设定邻域半径,再利用对象邻域范围内邻居的k距离统计信息寻找边界点。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地检测出任意形状、不同大小和不同密度聚类的边界点,并可以消除噪声。     

Global Detection of Salient Convex Boundaries

As an important geometric property of many structures or structural components, convexity plays an important role in computer vision and image understanding. In this paper, we describe a general approach that can force various edge-grouping algorithms to detect only convex structures from a set of boundary fragments. The basic idea is to remove some fragments and fragment connections so that, on the remaining ones, a prototype edge-grouping algorithm that detects closed boundaries without the convexity constraint can only produce convex closed boundaries. We show that this approach takes polynomial time and preserves the grouping optimality by not excluding any valid convex boundary from the search space. Choosing the recently developed ratio-contour algorithm as the prototype grouping algorithm, we develop a new convex-grouping algorithm, which can detect convex salient boundaries with good continuity and proximity in a globally optimal fashion. To facilitate the application of this convex-grouping algorithm, we develop a new fragment-connection method based on four-point Bezier curves. We demonstrate the performance of this convex-grouping algorithm by conducting experiments on both synthetic and real images. In addition, we provide a comparison with some prior edge-grouping algorithms. Finally, we show that the proposed convex-grouping algorithm can be further extended to detect convex open boundaries, derive region-based image hierarchies, and incorporate some simple human-computer interactions.     

分类数据的聚类边界检测技术

随着分类属性数据集的应用越来越广泛,获取含有分类属性数据集的聚类边界的需求也越来越迫切。为了获取聚类的边界,在定义分类数据的边界度和聚类边界的基础上,提出了一种带分类属性数据的聚类边界检测算法——CBORDER。该算法首先利用随机分配初始聚类中心和边界度对类进行划分并获取记录边界点的证据,然后运用证据积累的思想多次执行该过程来获取聚类的边界。实验结果表明,CBORDER算法能有效地检测出高维分类属性数据集中聚类的边界。     

一种基于网格核密度的自适应边界点检测算法

为了快速有效的检测聚类的边界点,提出基于网格核密度的自适应边界点检测算法ADAPT(An Adaptive Grid Kernel-Density-Based BoundaryPoints Detecting Algorithm for Spatial Database with Noise),使用网格核密度更精确地拟合网格在其邻域内的密度,采用自适应选取网格近邻策略更好地反应对象的空间分布特征.实验结果表明:该算法可以在含有任意形状、不同大小和不同密度的数据集上快速有效地检测出聚类的边界点.     

Learning Boundary Edges for 3D‐Mesh Segmentation

This paper presents a 3D‐mesh segmentation algorithm based on a learning approach. A large database of manually segmented 3D‐meshes is used to learn a boundary edge function. The function is learned using a classifier which automatically selects from a pool of geometric features the most relevant ones to detect candidate boundary edges. We propose a processing pipeline that produces smooth closed boundaries using this edge function. This pipeline successively selects a set of candidate boundary contours, closes them and optimizes them using a snake movement. Our algorithm was evaluated quantitatively using two different segmentation benchmarks and was shown to outperform most recent algorithms from the state‐of‐the‐art.     

Detection of pre-defined boundaries between hydrothermal alteration zones using rotation-variant template matching

A new method for the detection of pre-defined boundaries in single-band image data that uses a rotation-variant template matching (RTM) algorithm is presented. This algorithm matches a miniature image of a pre-defined boundary to image data at various orientations. The image pixels that match boundary criteria are reported in output imagery together with the rotation angle of the template. The method is applied to identify boundaries between hydrothermal alteration zones in processed airborne hyperspectral imagery, based on the presence of white mica minerals. Results show that boundaries identified with RTM are relatively free of noise and more coherent than those identified with, for instance, image slicing techniques. Identified boundaries can be used for image segmentation. The output of the RTM algorithm also provides information on the type of boundary, whether it is crisp or gradual. This information can be used to better characterize mineral variation in the alteration halo associated with fossil hydrothermal systems.     

基于密度网格的数据流聚类算法

针对基于密度网格的数据流聚类算法中存在的缺陷进行改进,提出一种基于D-Strcam算法的改进算法NDD-Stream。算法通过统计网格单元的密度与簇的数目,动态确定网格单元的密度阂值;对位于簇边界的网格单元采用不均匀划分,以提高簇边界的聚类精度。合成与真实数据集上的实验结果表明,算法能够在数据流对象上取得良好的聚类质量。     

一种基于边缘似然性估计的边界检测算法

本文提出了一种基于边缘似然性估计的边界检测算法，它包含三个主要步骤。首先，从图像中检测局部边缘，其次，通过统计一边缘元素成为局部极大的次数，计算其真正成边缘的可能性，最后，对边缘元素进行了跟踪处理，从而将离散的边缘元素连接成连续的边界。     

Dual-branch mutual assistance network for salient object detection

To maintain the boundaries of salient objects in the detection results, some methods start to apply additional edge labels to train their networks to learn detailed information. These methods have made gratifying progress. However, since the quality of the saliency maps will be affected by boundary features, it is still worth exploring how to extract effective boundary features and fuse them with semantic features. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual-branch Mutual Assistance Network (DMANet) to simultaneously detect salient objects and salient boundaries. To combine the respective advantages of the two task features, we merge the features of the two branches to generate complementary features and adopt the complementary features to refine semantic and boundary information. Through the interaction of the two branches, the semantic features can gradually use the boundary features to improve themselves, so that the predicted salient regions have clear boundaries. In addition, we design a novel Feature Multi-pathway Compression and Reconstruction (FMCR) module, and embed multiple such modules in the network. Compression means seeking a concise expression of the original features. Reconstruction is to discriminate the key information in the compressed features and further analyze it. By combining the analysis results of multiple pathways, the FMCR module can enhance the network's ability to identify salient objects based on the various saliency cues obtained. The experimental results on five data sets show that our method surpasses the 15 state-of-the-art methods with significantly improved performance.     

噪声数据集上的边界点检测算法

为了有效检测聚类的边界点,提出了结合对象的密度及其Eps-邻域中数据的分布特点进行的边界点检测技术和边界点检测算法 ——BOUND。实验结果表明,BOUND能在含有不同形状、大小簇的噪声数据集上有效地检测出聚类的边界点,并且执行效率高。