酶解法制备香菇酱工艺条件的研究

在蛋白酶水解法制备香菇酱的工艺中,首先研究了超声波对原料进行细胞破碎处理的操作条件,采用正交试验设计对影响蛋白酶水解效果的条件进行了选择优化.结果表明,超声波处理的最佳功率为200W、最佳处理时间为30min,蛋白酶水解的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度40℃、pH值4.5、酶用量1%、酶解时间60min,在此工艺条件下香菇酱的氨基酸含量为0.88%.     

高压均质辅助酶解法制备香菇酱

在蛋白酶水解法制备香菇酱的工艺中,首先研究高压均质对原料进行细胞破碎处理的操作条件,采用正交试验设计对影响蛋白酶水解效果的条件进行选择优化。结果表明,高压均质处理的最佳均质压力为40 MPa,最佳均质次数为2次,蛋白酶水解的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度40℃,pH4.5,酶用量0.5%,酶解时间60 min,在此工艺条件下香菇酱的氨基酸含量为0.88%。     

鸡油菌香辣酱的研制

以鸡油菌为原料,对鸡油菌酱的酶解工艺进行优化,探究鸡油菌香辣酱最佳炒制配比,由此进行试验,通过感官评价及正交试验分析得到鸡油菌香辣酱的最优制作方法。结果表明:鸡油菌酱纤维素酶酶解的最适宜条件为温度50℃、pH值5.5、酶用量0.9%、酶解时间90min;鸡油菌酱酸性蛋白酶酶解的最适宜条件为温度45℃、pH值2.5、酶用量1.1%、酶解时间105min;鸡油菌香辣酱炒制时,最适宜的炒制条件为时间200s,炒制温度240℃,鸡油菌酱用量40%。     

酶解鲽鱼下脚料的工艺优化

以鲽鱼下脚料为原料,采用不同蛋白酶对鲽鱼下脚料进行酶解。以水解度作为评价指标,比较不同蛋白酶的水解能力,筛选最佳酶,并对其水解工艺进行优化。结果表明:对鲽鱼下脚料水解效果较好的是中性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶水解鲽鱼下脚料的优化条件为:酶用量0.1%,pH值6.0,温度50℃,酶解时间4.5 h。风味蛋白酶水解鲽鱼下脚料的优化条件为:酶用量0.05%,pH值6.0,温度50℃,酶解时间5.0 h。二者复合的工艺条件为:中性蛋白酶/风味蛋白酶=2/1(添加量为0.15%),pH6.0、酶解时间4.5 h,温度50℃,在此条件下水解度可达44.56%。     

酶法提取枸杞多糖的研究

研究了纤维素酶提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺条件。以提取率为指标,分别考虑了加水量、酶解pH、酶解温度、酶解时间、加酶量对纤维素酶酶解反应的影响。试验确定了纤维素酶酶解工艺的最佳条件为加水量50mL、pH5.0、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间60min、加酶量0.5%。在这种条件下,枸杞多糖的得率为11.2%。     

双酶法制备低苦味大豆寡肽的研究

利用中性蛋白酶和Flavourzyme双酶法,对大豆分离蛋白进行水解制备大豆寡肽,讨论中性蛋白酶和Flavourzyme的最佳酶解条件,以及大豆寡肽的苦味值变化。大豆分离蛋白的预处理条件为温度90℃、时间10min;中性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为底物浓度4%、反应温度50℃、时间4h、pH8.5、酶用量6%,水解度(DH)可达21.46%;Flavourzyme的最佳酶解条件为反应温度50℃、时间6h、pH7.0、酶用量3%。采用双酶中性蛋白酶-Flavourzyme生产的大豆寡肽,苦味明显降低。     

超声波辅助纤维素酶-碱液提取大枣皮红色素工艺的响应面优化研究

本实验研究了纤维素酶解提取大枣皮红色素的最佳工艺.运用响应面分析法筛选出了纤维素酶的最佳酶解条件;通过正交试验设计确定了最佳碱液提取条件.结果表明:当纤维素酶用量为底物的1.26%、酶解温度51.90℃、酶解体系pH值51.9、酶解时间60min、碱液浓度1.0%、提取温度80℃、提取时间35min时,大枣皮红色素的提取率最高,达到1.326μg/g.     

酶法提取黑木耳多糖

研究了酶法提取黑木耳多糖的最佳工艺条件。以提取率为指标,分别考察了浸提剂倍数、酶解pH、温度、时间、加酶量对果胶酶或纤维素酶酶解反应的影响。试验确定了果胶酶酶解木耳的最佳工艺条件:浸提剂倍数50,pH5.0,温度55℃,时间80min,酶加量1.1%,在此条件下,黑木耳多糖的提取率为4.15%;纤维素酶酶解木耳的最佳工艺条件:浸提剂倍数50,pH5.0,温度50℃,时间80min,酶加量为1.3%,黑木耳多糖的提取率为4.71%。     

超声波辅助水酶法提取胡麻油工艺条件的研究

以胡麻籽为原料,研究了超声波辅助水酶法提取胡麻油的工艺条件。研究结果表明:最佳复合酶为酸性蛋白酶和纤维素酶(2∶1),最佳酶解条件为加酶量0.20 g(20 g底物)、酶解pH值5.0、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间1 h,在此条件下提油率为75.1%;当在超声温度45℃、超声频率45 kHz下处理15 min提油率可升到81.1%。     

微波复合酶法水萃牡丹籽油工艺研究

采用微波复合酶法水萃牡丹籽油,在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验,对酶解条件和微波条件分别进行工艺优化。结果表明:在纤维素酶、果胶酶、中性蛋白酶添加量分别为3%、0.5%和0.07%组成的复合酶条件下,最佳酶解条件为酶解pH 5.5、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间4 h;最佳微波条件为微波温度50℃、微波功率700 W、微波时间6 min。在最佳工艺条件下,牡丹籽油得率为24.59%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the