链条锅炉使用玻璃预热器可防低温腐蚀和积灰

链条锅炉使用玻璃预热器替换钢管预热器，对解决烟道低温酸腐蚀具有良好的效果。由于玻璃预热器具有管壁光滑、不积灰等优点，可提高锅炉热效率和运转率。实践证明，SHL20-25/400型链条锅炉使用玻璃预热器，最低排烟温度在80℃，仅以降低排烟温度一项，不到半年就可全部回收改造投资。     

预热器抽气装置的改造

预热器抽气装置的改造王进忠，武育琴洛阳水泥厂（４７１８３２）预热器抽气装置是预热器窑重要的工艺保护设备，其作用有二，一是当窑况不正常，五级预热器出现温度过高时，高温气体将会被吸入窑尾风机，致使风机叶轮温度超过额定温度，时间一长，将导致风机轮变形或烧坏...     

四级、五级和六级预热预分解窑系统节能效果的探讨

通过四级、五级和六级预热预分解窑系统节约煤电的比较,阐明了带余热发电的五级预热预分解窑系统的能源利用率高于带余热发电的四级预热预分解窑系统,而六级预热器系统比五级、四级预热器系统节能效果更好.采用六级预热器系统可以适当降低预热器出口废气温度,实现废气热焓的充分回收,从而有效地实现烧成系统的节能减排.     

5000t/d水泥熟料生产线烧成系统节能降耗改造

某5 000t/d水泥熟料生产线烧成系统原采用双系列五级预热器系统、三喷腾分解炉和带空气梁的第三代篦式冷却机。由于生产线运行时间较长，烧成系统存在预热器系统阻力偏高、C1出口温度偏高、窑头部分冷却风机用风不合理、出冷却机熟料温度偏高及热回收效率偏低等问题。结合对现场烧成系统的热工诊断结果，对运行过程中出现的问题进行了技术分析，制定了烧成系统优化方案，并从撒料装置调整、旋风筒扩容、分解炉扩容、更换高效节能风机、更换第四代带中置辊破篦式冷却机等方面开展了技术改造。技改实施后，系统能耗进一步降低，系统阻力减小，换热效率提升，达到了预期技改目标。     

大型空预器进出口结构设计及分析

本文主要是对板式空气预热器进出口结构型式进行建模和流体的流动分布的分析,结果表明空气预热器的进出口管道结构设计对预热器的换热效率有很大影响,通过结构分析设计合理的导流分配结构使流体流动分配更均匀、压降更小,进而提高预热器的换热效率。     

“五级+”串并联耦合重构换热技术开发

以水泥生产陶氏3C碳中和理论作为指导，研发预热器高效换热过程减碳技术。在常规预热器优化换热技改的基础上，结合局部高固气比原理，开展预热器基础换热研究开发。研发“五级+”串并联耦合重构换热技术，提高固气比及增加换热次数，用相对低的系统改造成本，提高预热器系统换热效率，C1预热器出口温度较技改前降低约40℃，能进一步促进烧成系统节能降碳。     

栏目寄语

正以"节能降耗创新优化提质增效"为主题的"2016中国水泥工业烧成系统优化改造技术研讨会"在成都刚刚落下帷幕。本人在会上发布了《中国水泥工业烧成系统技术升级路线图》,阐述了预热器、分解炉和冷却机的技术升级问题。本期所选稿件,没有脱离这个范围。这里借机再说说降低C_1筒出口温度的方法。理论计算表明,5级旋风预热器C_1筒出口温度应该达到280℃。但实际运行中的五级预热器C_1筒出口温度绝大多数在300℃以上,高者可到340℃,甚至6级预热器C_1筒出口温度也有330℃的。     

预热器撒料装置的改造

某5 000 t/d水泥熟料生产线预热器系统换热效率低,C1筒出口气体温度一般在375℃左右,系统热耗和电耗偏高。分析认为,问题的根源之一是预热器撒料装置的撒料板形状和角度不合适。对所有预热器撒料装置进行技改后,预热器的换热效果有显著改善,高温风机用风量、吨熟料实物煤耗、吨熟料综合电耗均得以降低。     

水泥生产系统节能降耗小改造

提升设备生产能力，降低能源消耗，除了设备选型、工艺操作这些大的方面外，在实际生产中，对设备细节的维护和处理，设备结构的优化也非常重要。通过对膨胀节连接缝的结构及修复的改造，预热器负压管改造，预热器一级内筒加长改造，预热器五级大角度下料管改造以及优化回转窑内耐火砖配置等措施，有助于生产的正常运行，提高了生产效率，降低了企业能耗和生产成本。     

磷石膏制酸联产水泥的烧成工艺与热耗分析

通过热工标定，对磷石膏制酸联产水泥的中空窑煅烧工艺的熟料烧成热耗进行了分析。结果表明，其热效率为４２％～４５％，达到或超过相同生产能力的普通水泥五级旋风预热器窑的热效率水平，并且系统简单、操作控制可靠。此外，经热工分析，预测了磷石膏预热器窑工艺的熟料烧成热耗和理论ＳＯ２浓度，与中空窑比较，其热耗可降低１０％～１５％，ＳＯ２气浓提高约１％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。