磁性离子液体的制备与应用研究进展

磁性离子液体是一种新型的功能化离子液体材料,具有优良的热稳定性、优异的电化学性能、良好的溶解性能以及可回收性等特性,使其在萃取分离、反应催化和复合材料等领域具有较好的应用前景。对目前合成的磁性离子液体做了概述并根据构效关系对主要的磁性离子液体进行了分类。综述了磁性离子液体的主要制备方法,主要有一步合成法、二步合成法和辅助合成法。介绍了磁性离子液体在萃取分离、反应催化及碳纳米管复合材料领域应用研究进展。最后根据磁性离子液体在合成和应用中的不足做了展望。     

3D‐Printable Photochromic Molecular Materials for Reversible Information Storage

The formulation of advanced molecular materials with bespoke polymeric ionic‐liquid matrices that stabilize and solubilize hybrid organic–inorganic polyoxometalates and allow their processing by additive manufacturing, is effectively demonstrated. The unique photo and redox properties of nanostructured polyoxometalates are translated across the scales (from molecular design to functional materials) to yield macroscopic functional devices with reversible photochromism. These properties open a range of potential applications including reversible information storage based on controlled topological and temporal reduction/oxidation of pre‐formed printed devices. This approach pushes the boundaries of 3D printing to the molecular limits, allowing the freedom of design enabled by 3D printing to be coupled with the molecular tuneability of polymerizable ionic liquids and the photoactivity and orbital engineering possible with hybrid polyoxometalates.     

Review of recent achievements in self-healing conductive materials and their applications

Self-healing materials have attracted increasing attention because of their wide range of applications. It can be expected to offer obvious advantages in conductive materials with self-healing properties, which are regarded as promising candidates for the fabrication of self-healing electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, anticorrosive coating and conductive adhesives. In this review, we focused on recent efforts to develop self-healing conductive composites including their preparation methods, properties and applications. The self-healing conductive materials were presented based on different conductive mediums, such as metal, carbon, conductive polymer, ionic liquids. In addition, their novel applications of the self-healing conductive materials in conductive coatings, energy storage devices and sensors are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges of conductive materials with self-healing properties are proposed.     

Ionic liquids for electrochemical energy storage devices applications

Ionic liquids, defined here as room-temperature molten salts, composed mainly of organic cations and (in)organic anions ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations with melting points below 100?°C. They offer a unique series of physical and chemical properties that make them extreme important candidates for several energy applications, especially for clean and sustainable energy storage and conversion materials and devices. Ionic liquids exhibit high thermal and electrochemical stability coupled with low volatility, create the possibility of designing appropriate electrolytes for different type batteries and supercapacitors. Herein, varieties of ionic liquids applications are reviewed on their utilization as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries, Na-ion batteries, Li-O₂(air) batteries, Li-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries, supercapacitors and as precursors to prepare and modify the electrode materials, meanwhile, some important research results in recent years are specially introduced, and the perspective on novel application of ionic liquids is also discussed.     

Application of ionic liquids in photopolymerizable holographic materials

The influence of ionic liquids in photopolymerizable holographic materials was investigated extensively. The structures of ionic liquids have important effect on the properties of the materials. Although not all tested ionic liquids can improve the properties of the materials, the ionic liquids based on imidazolium, pyridium, or phosphonium with appropriate counter anions can be used as additives to increase the sensitivity, the diffraction efficiency, and the resolution of the materials in the thin hologram. Polymerizable ionic liquids have also been used as additives. Higher sensitivity, higher diffraction efficiency and higher resolution were obtained as well. These ionic liquids can carry out the photopolymerization during exposure to UV light to recording the hologram. They may assist to form a more stable hologram.     

25th Anniversary Article: “Cooking Carbon with Salt”: Carbon Materials and Carbonaceous Frameworks from Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s

This review surveys recent work on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) as precursors to synthesize functional carbon materials. As solvents or educts with negligible vapour pressure, these systems enable simple processing, composition, and structural control of the resulting carbons under rather simple and green synthesis conditions. Recent applications of the resulting nanocarbons across a multitude of fields, such as fuel cells, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, catalysis, separation, and sorption materials are highlighted.     

Soft materials with graphitic nanostructures

This review article focuses on our recent studies on novel soft materials consisting of carbon nanotubes. Single-walled carbon nanotubes, when suspended in imidazolium ion-based ionic liquids and ground in an agate mortar, form physical gels (bucky gels), where heavily entangled bundles of carbon nanotubes are exfoliated to give highly dispersed, much finer bundles. By using bucky gels, the first printable actuators that operate in air for a long time without any external electrolyte are developed. Furthermore, the use of polymerizable ionic liquids as the gelling media results in the formation of electroconductive polymer/nanotube composites with enhanced mechanical properties. The article also highlights a new family of nanotubular graphite, via self-assembly of amphiphilic hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives. The nanotubes consist of a graphitic wall composed of a great number of pi-stacked HBC units and are electroconductive upon oxidation. The use of amphiphilic HBCs with functional groups results in the formation of nanotubes with various interesting properties.     

室温离子液体在材料合成中的应用

室温离子液体的物理和化学性质相对稳定,具有结构可调的特性.作为一种新功能材料广泛用于材料合成领域.根据离子液体在材料合成中的不同作用,本文从离子液体作为反应溶剂、模板剂、电解液、以及同时作为溶剂和模板剂这4个方面介绍了其在材料合成中的应用研究进展.     

手性离子液体应用的研究进展

手性离子液体作为一种新型的功能材料,近年来逐渐成为研究的热点。重点综述了其在Michael加成、Diels-Alder反应、羟醛缩合反应、Baylis-Hillman加成等不对称合成反应及光谱识别、色谱分离、材料合成等领域的最新应用发展,并指出了限制手性离子液体应用的主要困难和问题,展望了今后的发展方向。     

Lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics simulation of complex materials

In this article we briefly review the lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics simulation techniques, as used for complex ionic and molecular solids, and demonstrate a number of applications through examples of our work. These computational studies, along with experiments, have provided microscopic insight into the structure and dynamics, phase transitions and thermodynamical properties of a variety of materials including fullerene, high temperature superconducting oxides and geological minerals as a function of pressure and temperature. The computational techniques also allow the study of the structures and dynamics associated with disorder, defects, surfaces, interfaces etc.     

New Frontiers in Materials Science Opened by Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) including ambient‐temperature molten salts, which exist in the liquid state even at room temperature, have a long research history. However, their applications were once limited because ILs were considered as highly moisture‐sensitive solvents that should be handled in a glove box. After the first synthesis of moisture‐stable ILs in 1992, their unique physicochemical properties became known in all scientific fields. ILs are composed solely of ions and exhibit several specific liquid‐like properties, e.g., some ILs enable dissolution of insoluble bio‐related materials and the use as tailor‐made lubricants in industrial applications under extreme physicochemical conditions. Hybridization of ILs and other materials provides quasi‐solid materials, which can be used to fabricate highly functional devices. ILs are also used as reaction media for electrochemical and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. In addition, the negligible vapor pressure of ILs allows the fabrication of electrochemical devices that are operated under ambient conditions, and many liquid‐vacuum technologies, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of liquids, electron microscopy of liquids, and sputtering and physical vapor deposition onto liquids. In this article, we review recent studies on ILs that are employed as functional advanced materials, advanced mediums for materials production, and components for preparing highly functional materials.     

Beyond solvents and electrolytes: Ionic liquids-based advanced functional materials

Instead of being seen as alternative solvents and electrolytes for organic reactions, catalysis, separation, electrochemistry, and so on, ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of discrete cations and anions have recently emerged as versatile building blocks for advanced functional materials. A number of functional ILs and IL-containing composite materials have been realized by either chemical modification (covalent functionalization or ion-exchange metathesis) or physical integration of ILs and traditional materials. The unique structure and behavior of ILs as a platform not only provides additional opportunities to adjust the physicochemical properties of these ionic materials for task-specific applications, but also offers other attractive features such as intrinsic ionic conductivity and high thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability. These soft materials combine the favorable features of ILs and the original chemistries of the functional groups or materials; some even possess unexpected functions resulting from synergetic interaction between these two components. Materialization of ILs is truly a novel, promising research direction for both IL chemistry and materials science. In this article, we review recent advances in IL-based functional materials, focusing on smart and sensitive materials, optical materials, energetic materials, and IL/carbon hybrid materials.     

离子液体在有机光电转换器件中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体因具有不易挥发、性质稳定、透光性好、导电率高、可设计性,以及易于在界面处形成双电层等物理化学性质,而展现出广阔的应用潜力和前景,逐渐成为国际科学研究的前沿和热点之一。其中,将离子液体应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs)、钙钛矿太阳能电池和有机光电探测器等有机光电转换器件的研究备受关注。 在有机光电转换器件中,离子液体在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的应用最为广泛且完善。高效DSSCs主要是基于有机溶剂的液态电解质结,但有机溶剂在带来较高光电转换效率的同时,其本身存在的易挥发汽化、光热稳定性差等缺点,导致DSSCs的器件寿命与长期稳定性受到影响,离子液体的引入能有效解决以上问题。此外,离子液体还以电子传输层以及界面修饰层的形式引入,具有高电荷迁移率、低功函数以及高稳定性等优点,能在一定程度上改善器件的短路电流、填充因子和光电转换效率等。因此,离子液体成为在DSSCs的实际应用中兼具性价比高、封装难度低、性能好、稳定性高四大优点的辅助材料。在钙钛矿太阳能电池方面,离子液体的低功函数和高电子迁移率以及一些特殊性质如钝化反应、黏度效应等,都能够实现对电子萃取率、电荷转移电阻、钙钛矿结晶情况等方面的控制以满足实际设计要求,进而有助于钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率、填充因子等性能指标不同程度的提升。在有机光电探测器方面,引入的离子液体能促使在与之接触的界面处形成双电层,双电层的形成及离子液体的高导电率使得入射光不必照射有机光电探测器上下电极的重叠区域仍旧可以产生较大的光电流输出,从而可以有效摆脱有机光电探测器对电极材料透光性要求的局限性。同时双电层的形成还将促进有机光电探测器工作层中的电荷分离,进一步提高有机光电探测器的响应率。 本文主要从染料敏化太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机光电探测器三个方面,综述了离子液体在有机光电转换器件中的国内外应用研究进展,就离子液体对提升有机光电转换效率及其实现器件新功能的工作机理进行了详细分析,并对其未来的应用研究方向进行了展望,为今后进一步设计出更适合有机光电转换领域应用的离子液体提供参考。     

离子液体/金属-有机骨架复合材料制备方法、理论计算及应用研究进展

金属-有机骨架(MOF)是一种多孔、高比表面积的新型纳米材料.离子液体(IL)具有稳定性好、功能可设计的特点,将IL负载到MOF的孔中,实现离子液体和MOF材料的有效组合,开发新型功能化复合多孔材料,有利于充分发挥两种材料的优势.本文主要介绍IL/MOF复合材料合成方法、分子模拟及其应用的最新研究.总结目前IL/MOF...     

功能纳米复合材料的研究现状与展望

近年来,国内外材料科学界对纳米复合材料的研究非常重视,已采用化学和物理方法成功地将具有量子限域效应的功能纳米粒子均匀地嵌入到玻璃、聚合物和液体等基质中,获得了明显增强的功能特性,改善２了材料的结构稳定性和可处理性,为新型功能材料的理论研究和实际应用奠定了基础。本文就国内外纳米复合材料的研究现状,并结合本实验室的研究成果对纳米复合材料展趋势作了一概述。     

离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用

由于离子液体具有电导率高、热稳定性好、蒸气压低、不燃烧等优良性质,越来越多地应用于有机合成、分离、电化学和材料加工等领域.综述了离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用研究进展,主要包括聚合物电解质的合成应用研究、聚合物在离子液体中的溶解、以离子液体为溶剂的聚合反应以及离子液体作为聚合物的增塑剂.     

基于系列离子液体的折射率研究

离子液体作为新颖的"软"功能材料已成为目前研究的新热点。折射率的研究对了解离子液体这种新型光学材料的结构性质具有重要意义。对选取的系列离子液体{[Cnmim]BF4(n=6,8,10,12),[Cnmim]PF6(n=8,10,12),[Cnmim]I(n=7,8,10),[Cnmim]Cl(n=10,12,14),[CnPy]BF4(n=9,11,13)等}在空气中的折射率进行了测试和理论分析,结果表明,(1)若阴离子为BF4-和PF6-,离子液体的折射率随阳离子侧链的增长而线性增加;若阴离子为Cl-和I-,离子液体的折射率随离子液体阳离子侧链的增长而线性减小,相关系数R分别是0.98854、0.98004、0.99942、-0.97888、-0.9793;(2)当阳离子一定时,阴离子体积越大,折射率越小,单元素阴离子比多元素阴离子的离子液体折射率要大;(3)离子液体的折射率随温度升高而减小,卤盐离子液体与四氟硼酸盐和六氟磷酸盐离子液体相比对温度变化更敏感。     

聚离子液体作为吸附材料的研究进展

聚离子液体(Polymeric ionic liquid,PIL)兼具离子液体和聚合物的双重优点,克服了离子液体在吸附过程中无形貌、高粘度、难回收及其使用中易流失等问题。通过聚合物设计和制备,不仅可以得到各种结构、尺寸和形貌的PIL材料,还可以提高PIL中离子液体功能基团的利用率。因此,PIL作为一类新型的高分子吸附材料迅速成为分离领域的热点。在介绍PIL的性质、分类和主要合成途径的基础上,总结了国内外近年来PIL在水相吸附中的研究进展。主要讨论了不同聚合物结构,如线性、超支化、交联结构等,对PIL吸附有机吸附质的影响,并分析了PIL功能基团与不同吸附质之间的相互作用机制,如离子交换、静电作用、氢键以及π-π堆叠等。最后,总结了离子液体功能基团和吸附剂结构与PIL吸附效果之间的关系,并对PIL吸附材料的发展进行了展望。     

Potenziale von ionischen Flüssigkeiten als Elektrolyte in der Galvanotechnik

Application potentials of ionic liquids based electrolytes in electroplating Electroplating is essential for a variety of industries including, electronics, sensors, optics, automotive and aerospace. The electroplating industry, which dates back well over 100 years, is based solely on aqueous electrolytes. The advancement of new materials and increasing requirements to functionalized metallic surfaces however constricts the application potentials of classical electrolyte systems. New application fields for the electroplating industry could arise by further developments and optimisation of aprotic electrolytes based on ionic liquids. In this article a short insight will be presented to possibly applications of ionic liquids as metal electrolytes for surface technology and electroplating. After a short introduction to ionic liquids an overview will be given to relevant physical‐chemical properties of ionic liquids, like metal solubility, viscosity and electrical conductivity. In addition current experimental results from our laboratory to the metal deposition of aluminium, cobalt and palladium will be presented and discussed. The main focus was set in the choice of different electrolyte systems, deposition parameters and achieved surface morphology of the produced metal deposits.     

离子液体的合成与纯化方法研究进展

综述了离子液体的种类、合成及纯化方法。离子液体的纯度对其物理化学性质至关重要,是研究其应用的首要问题。本文介绍了离子液体的合成方法,并对比了其优缺点,发现合成方法对离子液体的纯度起着关键作用,指出了影响离子液体纯度的因素,分析对比了离子液体的纯化方法,包括真空干燥、有机溶剂萃取、重结晶、吸附剂法、分子筛法等,根据影响因素种类的不同,优选纯化方法,并对离子液体的发展进行了展望。